Lower Cretaceous Barents Sea strata: epicontinental basin configuration, timing, correlation and depositional dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Midtkandal ◽  
Jan Inge Faleide ◽  
Thea Sveva Faleide ◽  
Christopher Sæbø Serck ◽  
Sverre Planke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Source Area ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Architectural Patterns

AbstractA comprehensive dataset is collated in a study on sediment transport, timing and basin physiography during the Early Cretaceous Period in the Boreal Basin (Barents Sea), one of the world’s largest and longest active epicontinental basins. Long-wavelength tectonic tilt related to the Early Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) set up a fluvial system that developed from a sediment source area in the NW, which flowed SE across the Svalbard archipelago, terminating in a low-accommodation shallow sea within the Bjarmeland Platform area of the present-day Barents Sea. The basin deepened to the SE with a ramp-like basin floor with gentle dip. Seismic data show sedimentary lobes with internal clinoform geometry that advanced from the NW. These lobes interfingered with, and were overlain by, another younger depositional system with similar lobes sourced from the NE. The integrated data allow mapping of architectural patterns that provide information on basin physiography and control factors on source-to-sink transport and depositional patterns within the giant epicontinental basin. The results highlight how low-gradient, low-accommodation sediment transport and deposition has taken place along proximal to distal profiles for several hundred kilometres, in response to subtle changes in base level and by intra-basinal highs and troughs. Long-distance correlation along depositional dip is therefore possible, but should be treated with caution to avoid misidentification of timelines for diachronous surfaces.

Chapter 22 Modern glaciers and climate change

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 436-448
Author(s):  
Julian A. Dowdeswell ◽  
Evelyn K. Dowdeswell
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Novaya Zemlya

By the start of the Holocene, the decay of the large ice sheet over Svalbard and the Barents Sea region was nearing completion, and glacier ice was approaching its present distribution (Elverhøi et al. 1993; Siegert & Dowdeswell 1995). Throughout most of the last 10 000 years, the extent of glaciers and ice caps over the archipelago has been no greater than that observed today, with the exception of minor readvances in the relatively cold 'Little Ice Age', which terminated at the beginning of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, ice today covers about 62% of the 62 000 km2 Svalbard archipelago (Fig. 22.1).Svalbard is one of four heavily ice-covered archipelagos in the Eurasian High Arctic; those to the east are Russian Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya and Novaya Zemlya. The ice cover on each archipelago is a function of topography and the location of each along the strong west-east gradient in climate across the Eurasian Arctic. Svalbard, as the most westerly of the four, is the warmest and receives the highest precipitation. This is due to its proximity to the relatively warm oceanic North Atlantic Drift and to the depression tracks transferring relatively temperate, moist air masses northward through the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. This position at the northernmost limit of both warm water and air masses makes the archipelago and its glaciers very sensitive to changes in atmospheric and ocean circulation. In addition, General Circulation Models (GCMs) predict that any future C02-induced warming will be most significant at high northern latitudes

scholarly journals Differentiation of coarse-mode anthropogenic, marine and dust particles in the high Arctic Islands of Svalbard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congbo Song ◽  
Manuel Dall’Osto ◽  
Angelo Lupi ◽  
Mauro Mazzola ◽  
Rita Traversi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Coarse Mode ◽  
Arctic Haze ◽  
Natural Aerosol

Abstract. Understanding aerosol-cloud-climate interactions in the Arctic is key to predict the climate in this rapidly changing region. Whilst many studies have focused on submicron aerosol (diameter less than 1 μm), relatively little is known about the climate relevance of supermicron aerosol (diameter above 1 μm). Here, we present a cluster analysis of multiyear (2015–2019) aerodynamic volume size distributions with diameter ranging from 0.5 to 20 μm measured continuously at the Gruvebadet Observatory in the Svalbard archipelago. Together with aerosol chemical composition data from several online and offline measurements, we apportioned the occurrence of the coarse-mode aerosols to anthropogenic (two sources, 27 %) and natural (three sources, 73 %) origins. Specifically, two clusters are related to Arctic haze with high levels of black carbon, sulfate and accumulation mode (0.1–1 μm) aerosol. The first cluster (9 %) is attributed to ammonium sulfate-rich Arctic haze particles, whereas the second one (18 %) to larger-mode aerosol mixed with sea salt. The three natural aerosol clusters were: open ocean sea spray aerosol (34 %), mineral dust (7 %), and an unidentified source of sea spray-related aerosol (32 %). The results suggest that sea spray-related aerosol in polar regions may be more complex than previously thought due to short/long-distance origins and mixtures with Arctic haze, biogenic and likely snow-blowing aerosols. Studying supermicron natural aerosol in the Arctic is imperative for understanding the impacts of changing natural processes on Arctic aerosol.

Exploring the role of High Arctic Large Igneous Province volcanism on Early Cretaceous Arctic forests

2021 ◽  
pp. 105022
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Galloway ◽  
Robert A. Fensome ◽  
Graeme T. Swindles ◽  
Thomas Hadlari ◽  
Jared Fath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Igneous Province

Volcanism and carbon cycling in the High Arctic during the Late Jurassic – Early Cretaceous

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine L. Vickers ◽  
Mads E. Jelby ◽  
Jennifer M. Galloway ◽  
Lawrence Percival ◽  
Feiyue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Global Trends

<p>Arctic carbon cycling and its regional climate have been observed to deviate from global trends in the Late Jurassic and across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary interval, but appear to recouple with global trends in the Early Cretaceous (Galloway et al., 2019; Jelby et al., 2020). We investigate the possible link between these observed trends and volcanism by examining the mercury (Hg) and other element records from Arctic sites in Svalbard (Norway) and the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canada. We assess whether pulsed phases of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province, or the globally significant emplacement of Paraná-Etendeka or Greater Ontong-Java Plateau, are expressed by stratigraphic Hg trends recorded in the studied sites of Arctic Canada and Svalbard, and how any signals correlate with the regional stable carbon-isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C) record. We compare these new data to Hg and δ<sup>13</sup>C records from other globally distributed sites, focusing on the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) intervals: the Arctic-wide Volgian CIE (“VOICE”), the global Valanginian positive CIE (“Weissert Event”), and the global early Aptian CIE associated with Ocean Anoxic Event 1a (OAE1a).</p>

Summer phytoplankton of the northern Barents Sea (75–80º N)

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Marina D. Kravchishina ◽  
Valeriy G. Yakubenko ◽  
Anna L. Chultsova
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Maximum Biomass

The structure of the summer planktonic communities of the Northern part of the Barents sea in the first half of August 2017 were studied. In the sea-ice melting area, the average phytoplankton biomass producing upper 50-meter layer of water reached values levels of eutrophic waters (up to 2.1 g/m3). Phytoplankton was presented by diatoms of the genera Thalassiosira and Eucampia. Maximum biomass recorded at depths of 22–52 m, the absolute maximum biomass community (5,0 g/m3) marked on the horizon of 45 m (station 5558), located at the outlet of the deep trench Franz Victoria near the West coast of the archipelago Franz Josef Land. In ice-free waters, phytoplankton abundance was low, and the weighted average biomass (8.0 mg/m3 – 123.1 mg/m3) corresponded to oligotrophic waters and lower mesotrophic waters. In the upper layers of the water population abundance was dominated by small flagellates and picoplankton from, biomass – Arctic dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium spp.) and cold Atlantic complexes (Gyrodinium lachryma, Alexandrium tamarense, Dinophysis norvegica). The proportion of Atlantic species in phytoplankton reached 75%. The representatives of warm-water Atlantic complex (Emiliania huxleyi, Rhizosolenia hebetata f. semispina, Ceratium horridum) were recorded up to 80º N, as indicators of the penetration of warm Atlantic waters into the Arctic basin. The presence of oceanic Atlantic species as warm-water and cold systems in the high Arctic indicates the strengthening of processes of “atlantificacion” in the region.

scholarly journals Distribution of rorquals and Atlantic cod in relation to their prey in the Norwegian high Arctic

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko K. Solvang ◽  
Tore Haug ◽  
Tor Knutsen ◽  
Harald Gjøsæter ◽  
Bjarte Bogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Minke Whales ◽  
Acoustic Methods

AbstractRecent warming in the Barents Sea has led to changes in the spatial distribution of both zooplankton and fish, with boreal communities expanding northwards. A similar northward expansion has been observed in several rorqual species that migrate into northern waters to take advantage of high summer productivity, hence feeding opportunities. Based on ecosystem surveys conducted during August–September in 2014–2017, we investigated the spatial associations among the three rorqual species of blue, fin, and common minke whales, the predatory fish Atlantic cod, and their main prey groups (zooplankton, 0-group fish, Atlantic cod, and capelin) in Arctic Ocean waters to the west and north of Svalbard. During the surveys, whale sightings were recorded by dedicated whale observers on the bridge of the vessel, whereas the distribution and abundance of cod and prey species were assessed using trawling and acoustic methods. Based on existing knowledge on the dive habits of these rorquals, we divided our analyses into two depth regions: the upper 200 m of the water column and waters below 200 m. Since humpback whales were absent in the area in 2016 and 2017, they were not included in the subsequent analyses of spatial association. No association or spatial overlap between fin and blue whales and any of the prey species investigated was found, while associations and overlaps were found between minke whales and zooplankton/0-group fish in the upper 200 m and between minke whales and Atlantic cod at depths below 200 m. A prey detection range of more than 10 km was suggested for minke whales in the upper water layers.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Ophiurasarsii is among the dominant echinoderms in the Barents Sea. We studied the genetic diversity of O.sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Ophiurasarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, and other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of O.sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started in the Bølling–Allerød interstadial during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

U–Pb geochronology of Cretaceous magmatism on Svalbard and Franz Josef Land, Barents Sea Large Igneous Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO CORFU ◽  
STÉPHANE POLTEAU ◽  
SVERRE PLANKE ◽  
JAN INGE FALEIDE ◽  
HENRIK SVENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Stratigraphic Record ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Cretaceous Magmatism

AbstractThe opening of the Arctic oceanic basins in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic proceeded in steps, with episodes of magmatism and sedimentation marking specific stages in this development. In addition to the stratigraphic record provided by sediments and fossils, the intrusive and extrusive rocks yield important information on this evolution. This study has determined the ages of mafic sills and a felsic tuff in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land using the isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U–Pb method on zircon, baddeleyite, titanite and rutile. The results indicate crystallization of the Diabasodden sill at 124.5 ± 0.2 Ma and the Linnévatn sill at 124.7 ± 0.3 Ma, the latter also containing slightly younger secondary titanite with an age of 123.9 ± 0.3 Ma. A bentonite in the Helvetiafjellet Formation, also on Svalbard, has an age of 123.3 ± 0.2 Ma. Zircon in mafic sills intersected by drill cores in Franz Josef Land indicate an age of 122.7 Ma for a thick sill on Severnaya Island and a single grain age of ≥122.2 ± 1.1 Ma for a thinner sill on Nagurskaya Island. These data emphasize the importance and relatively short-lived nature of the Cretaceous magmatic event in the region.

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