scholarly journals Disability as a Problem of Humanity in Scottish Enlightenment Thought

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Esme Cleall ◽  
Onni Gust
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Third ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Abstract This article makes a case that disability, particularly visual, hearing, and speech impairments, played a significant role in Scottish Enlightenment thought. Focusing on the work of Dugald Stewart, and in particular on his essay ‘Some account of a boy born blind and deaf’, we argue that disability was a deep preoccupation of Scottish Enlightenment thinkers who used it as a test case for various important philosophical questions including those concerning ‘human nature’ and the limits of humanity. The article starts by situating the philosophical debate in the context of lived experiences of, and proximity to, impairment. The second part offers a close reading of Stewart's text ‘Some account’, about James Mitchell, a fourteen-year-old deafblind boy living in the Scottish Highlands. The third part examines how disability operated in relation to other hierarchies of difference that have been demonstrated to have been central to Enlightenment thought, in particular that of race. Overall, the contribution this article makes is to introduce disability as an important, if currently overlooked, category in Scottish Enlightenment thought that needs further investigation.

A deflationist theory of intentionality?

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Sebastian Knell
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
Attitude Ascription ◽  
Attitude Ascriptions ◽  
Theories Of Truth ◽  
De Re ◽  
The Third ◽  
Short Summary

The paper presents an interpretation of Brandom’s analysis of de re specifying attitude-ascriptions. According to this interpretation, his analysis amounts to a deflationist conception of intentionality. In the first section I sketch the specific role deflationist theories of truth play within the philosophical debate on truth. Then I describe some analogies between the contemporary constellation of competing truth theories and the current confrontation of controversial theories of intentionality. The second section gives a short summary of Brandom’s analysis of attitude-ascription, focusing on his account of the grammar of de re ascriptions of belief. The third section discusses in detail those aspects of his account from which a deflationist conception of intentionality may be derived, or which at least permit such a conception. In the proposed interpretation of Brandom’s analysis, the vocabulary expressing the representational directedness of thought and talk does not describe a genuine property of mental states, but has an alternative descriptive function and in addition contains a performative and a meta­descriptive element.

URANS Studies of Effect of Eccentricity on Ship–Lock Interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 1641012
Author(s):  
Qingjie Meng ◽  
Decheng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Hydrodynamic Interaction ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Test Case ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surface Pressure Distribution ◽  
Sst Turbulence Model ◽  
Unsteady Viscous Flow ◽  
Ship Lock

The unsteady viscous flow around a 12000TEU ship model entering the Third Set of Panama Locks with different eccentricity is simulated by solving the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations in combination with the [Formula: see text]SST turbulence model. Overset grid technology is utilized to maintain grid orthogonality and the effects of the free surface are taken into account. The hydrodynamic forces, vertical displacement as well as surface pressure distribution are predicted and analyzed. First, a benchmark test case is designed to validate the capability of the present methods in the prediction of the viscous flow around the ship when maneuvering into the lock. The accumulation of water in front of the ship during entry into a lock is noticed. A set of systematic computations with different eccentricity are then carried out to examine the effect of eccentricity on the ship–lock hydrodynamic interaction.

scholarly journals Intermittency, Moments, and Friction Coefficient during the Subcritical Transition of Channel Flow

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Liu ◽  
Yue Xiao ◽  
Mogeng Li ◽  
Jianjun Tao ◽  
Shengjin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Turbulent Structures ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Low Reynolds Numbers ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Turbulence

The intermittent distribution of localized turbulent structures is a key feature of the subcritical transitions in channel flows, which are studied in this paper with a wind channel and theoretical modeling. Entrance disturbances are introduced by small beads, and localized turbulent patches can be triggered at low Reynolds numbers (Re). High turbulence intensity represents strong ability of perturbation spread, and a maximum turbulence intensity is found for every test case as Re ≥ 950, where the turbulence fraction increases abruptly with Re. Skewness can reflect the velocity defects of localized turbulent patches and is revealed to become negative when Re is as low as about 660. It is shown that the third-order moments of the midplane streamwise velocities have minima, while the corresponding forth-order moments have maxima during the transition. These kinematic extremes and different variation scenarios of the friction coefficient during the transition are explained with an intermittent structure model, where the robust localized turbulent structure is simplified as a turbulence unit, a structure whose statistical properties are only weak functions of the Reynolds number.

scholarly journals Managing relationships through repetition

Pragmatics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Saeko Machi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
The Third ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Tv Talk Show ◽  
Dynamic Relationships

Abstract This study examines cross-speaker repetition in triadic conversations in the Japanese language. For the analysis, three sets of triadic conversations between close friends taken from a TV talk show are used. The results reveal that repetition in triadic conversations performs distinctive functions that are not observed in dyadic conversations: repetition often takes place between only two participants of the triad and allows the two to team up and strengthen their bond exclusively (teaming repetition), or even playfully tease the third participant (teasing repetition). Repetition is also shared between the three participants. In such cases, it allows the participants to create an instant bond by joking or referring to shared circumstances (immediate threefold repetition), or to gradually establish rapport by connecting their utterances and co-constructing a story (repetition relay). All these types of repetition express the participants’ points of view and contribute efficiently to their relationships that shift from moment to moment. The study further demonstrates cases in which one participant makes good use of various repetition types in a short period of time and efficiently allocates thoughts and feelings to the other two participants. The study concludes that repetition plays a significant role in Japanese conversation, helping speakers to converse smoothly and manage the dynamic relationships efficiently.

Researching the caregiver’s lived experiences

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Natalie Booth
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Third ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Point Of Reference

This chapter outlines the methodology used in this book, including the theoretical framework and methods selected. The aim of the research presented throughout this book was to explore how maternal imprisonment was experienced from a family-centred perspective. The intention was to provide an in-depth analysis of the experiences and perceptions of relatives looking after children whose mothers were in prison. To explain how this was achieved, the chapter is divided into three sections: the first section provides a description of the theoretical framework; the second section is an overview of the research methods adopted; and the third section introduces the caregiving kin and their familial circumstances. While the third section veers away from conventional academic norms, it does enable the participants' lives and experiences to be foregrounded, to act as a point of reference, a reminder of the realities that they were negotiating.

Listening for “The Silence of the Night”: Reading Kevin Hart’s “The Voice of Brisbane”

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan Brown
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cross ◽  
John Of The Cross ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Yves Bonnefoy

AbstractThis essay undertakes a close reading of Kevin Hart’s poem “The Voice of Brisbane” alongside three pertinent voices. The first voice belongs to Yves Bonnefoy and concerns his translation of the French termévidence. Taking into account Hart’s own admiration of Bonnefoy, this essay contrasts the kinds of experiential and poetic claims that the two poets make. The second voice belongs to St. John of the Cross. Hart’s poem owes much to the kinds of mystical meditation that St. John advocates. The third voice belongs to Synesius of Cyrene, a fifth-century Platonist and bishop, whose poem “Awake My Soul” bears an uncanny resemblance to the pattern of Hart’s work.

‘The Sword of Avenging Justice’: Politics in Sutherland after the Third Reform Act

Rural History ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNIE TINDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Life ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThere has been much historical debate over the role of aristocratic landed families in local and national politics throughout the nineteenth century, and the impact of the First, Second and Third Reform Acts on that role. Additionally, the period from 1881 in the Scottish Highlands was one of acute political and ideological crisis, as the debate over the reform of the Land Laws took a violent turn, and Highland landowners were forced to address the demands of their small tenants. This article addresses these debates, taking as its case-study the ducal house of Sutherland. The Leveson-Gower family owned almost the whole county of Sutherland and until 1884 dominated political life in the region. This article examines the gradual breakdown of that political power, in line with a more general decline in financial and territorial influence, both in terms of the personal role of the Fourth and Fifth Dukes of Sutherland, and the broader impact of the estate management on the mechanics and expectations of politics in the county.

The Ịjọ element in Berbice Dutch

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norval S. H. Smith ◽  
Ian E. Robertson ◽  
Kay Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Test Case ◽  
European Language ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
Creole Languages ◽  
Substrate Influence

ABSTRACTBerbice Dutch is one of two recently rediscovered Dutch-based Creole languages spoken in Guyana. It is spoken in the county of Berbice, which corresponds to the former Dutch colony of Berbice, founded in the early seventeenth century.This language possesses certain features that make it unique in comparison to other European language-based Creoles spoken in the Atlantic region. Because of these unique features, it represents a promising test case for the presence of substrate influence, and as such, is of obvious relevance for the present creolist debate between substratists and universalists.The article discusses four different conceivable hypotheses to explain the origin of Berbice Dutch. The first of these assumes that a mixed Dutch–Kalaịarḅ trading jargon was developed in Africa as a result of the operations of the slave traders, and that this formed the basis of Berbice Dutch.The second hypothesis depends critically on the ethnic homogeneity of the slaves. This hypothesis would assume that the planters/overseers in Berbice attempted to learn those aspects of Eastern Ịjọ that could be utilized on the plantations.The third hypothesis assumes that Berbice Dutch is genetically descended from Eastern Ịjọ, but that this is not obvious due to large-scale relexification.The fourth hypothesis assumes that Eastern Ịjọ was replaced by Berbice Dutch under the catalysing influence of (creole) Dutch, rather as the fully inflected Romani language was replaced in England by the creolized Anglo-romani under the catalysing influence of English.The hypothesis that is selected as probably the best is the fourth, where it is argued that Berbice Dutch was adopted as the language of the Berbice slaves because it offered a means of expressing the identity of a newly created “ethnic” group.The most important moral that can be drawn from this article is that the development of each Creole must be examined individually. Only after such an examination has taken place for a significant number of Creoles will it be possible to define what is meant by creolization. In addition to the detailed linguistic examination required, it will also be necessary to carry out detailed (socio)historical work demonstrating if possible that the linguistic sequence of events is supported by the available historical data. (Creole language, substrate, Ịjọ language, ethnicity, mixed language)

scholarly journals Developing phonological awareness: Is there a bilingual advantage?

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLEN BIALYSTOK ◽  
SHILPI MAJUMDER ◽  
MICHELLE M. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Phoneme Segmentation ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
The Third ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Segmentation Task ◽  
Better Than

Three studies are reported that examine the development of phonological awareness in monolingual and bilingual children between kindergarten and Grade 2. In the first study, monolingual and bilingual children performed equally well on a complex task requiring phoneme substitution. The second study replicated these results and demonstrated a significant role for the language of literacy instruction. The third study extended the research by including two groups of bilingual children and a range of phonological awareness and reading tasks. Spanish–English bilinguals performed better than English-speaking monolinguals on a phoneme segmentation task, but Chinese–English bilinguals performed worse. Other measures of phonological awareness did not differ among the three groups. The results are discussed in terms of a limit on the effect that bilingualism exerts on metalinguistic development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document