The Iranian Parliamentary Elections of 1975

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Mohammadi-Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Western Democracies

In Western democracies elections are viewed as a means by which the public controls the policies of the government and decides who the policy-makers should be. Democratic theory makes two basic assumptions about elections: one is that the electorate is generally informed to the extent that it can make a meaningful and rational choice among various policy alternatives; the other, that the electorate expresses its policy preferences through recognizable partisan groupings in a two- or multiparty system.

scholarly journals Work Ethics, Values, Attitudes and Performance In The Nigerian Public Service: Issues, Challenges and The Way Forward

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Bernard Oladosu Omisore ◽  
Oyende Adeleke A.
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Unethical Conduct ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Training Motivation ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance

Performance of the Nigerian public service has been a major concern to policy makers and researchers alike. This is because despite all measures put in place to arrest the ugly trend, it seems, it has defied all approaches towards tackling the problem of inefficiency and capacity collapse. Work ethics, attitudes and values can be influenced by the organization, through interventions like training, motivation and coaching, etc. However, they cannot be changed forcibly because they are intrinsic. It is, therefore, of fundamental importance that public functionaries act justly and fairly to all, not only paying lip service to ethical conduct but also ensuring that these are manifestly and undoubtedly seen to be done. This paper discusses the challenges of work ethics, values, attitudes and performance in the Nigerian public service. The major causes of unethical conduct in the public service were identified and the institutional mechanisms established by the government to curb these unethical behaviours were examined. This paper adopted content analysis as a method of data gathering and analysis. It suggested viable options for effective and efficient service-oriented public service. 

Bilateral Investment Rule-Making: BITs or FTAs with Investment Rules?

2013 ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong Qingjiang
Keyword(s):  
Choice Point ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rule Making

China is upgrading its bilateral investment treaties (BITs), and in the meantime embracing free trade agreements (FTAs), which can be accommodated to offer international investment rules (IIRs). A specific question in this regard will be: shall the investment issues be left to the upgraded BIT or proposed FTA? Given the trend that the investment rules embodied in the FTAs are increasingly intended to replace BITs between contracting states, this question, which poses a preliminary issue to the trade policy-makers of China and its partners, must be addressed from the public policy choice point of view. The paper argues for a sequencing of bilateral investment rule-making and proposes that unless the proposed FTA with investment rules is to leave policy space for the government, the BIT shall be given a due role to play in the course of economic integration between China and its partners.

Explaining the 2000 Lithuanian Parliamentary Elections: An Application of Contextual and New Institutional Approaches

Slavic Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Clark ◽  
Nerijus Prekevičius
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Party System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Labor Party ◽  
Run Up

Lithuania’s 2000 parliamentary elections were the first in the post-Soviet era to fail to produce a majority government. Further, neither the Homeland Union nor the Democratic Labor Party entered into the ruling coalition. In this article, Terry D. Clark and Nerijus Prekevičius explore two different ways of explaining why this occurred. To answer the broader question, the first approach focuses on the particular events that occurred in the run-up to the elections. To consider why particular parties fared better or worse than expected, the second approach evaluates a set of rational choice approaches, including spatial analysis. Neither approach is preferable to the other; instead, they are complementary, each helping to resolve certain questions that are appropriate to the particular approach. To conclude, they consider the implications of their findings for the consolidation of Lithuania’s party system.

scholarly journals Sontaku and political scandals in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Japanese Politics ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Scandals ◽  
Specific Construction

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain a new scandal ingredient in Japanese politics called sontaku. This word refers to cases when officials grant special treatment to a project because they believe they are acting in accordance with the wishes of an associated powerful person.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the specific construction of major scandals involving sontaku from 2017 based primarily on newspaper accounts, examines the consequences of these scandals for politicians and bureaucrats, and discusses their implications for combating corruption in Japan.FindingsThe scandals after 2017 damaged to some extent the public support for the current Japanese administration and influenced the prime minister's decision to call a snap election. The scandals also highlighted systematic problems in the bureaucracy and motivated the government to reform laws concerning the management of public documents.Originality/valueThis paper will be useful to scholars and policy makers interested in studying the causes and consequences of scandals and political corruption in Japan.

Basic U. S. Sources For Current Research In International Law: An Elementary Vade-Mecum

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolf Sprudzs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
The U.S

Among the many old and new actors on the international stage of nations the United States is one of the most active and most important. The U.S. is a member of most existing intergovernmental organizations, participates in hundreds upon hundreds of international conferences and meetings every year and, in conducting her bilateral and multilateral relations with the other members of the community of nations, contributes very substantially to the development of contemporary international law. The Government of the United States has a policy of promptly informing the public about developments in its relations with other countries through a number of documentary publication, issued by the Department of State

Environment and Energy: A Public Opinion Survey in Davao City

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MAIAN J. COZO
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

For the past decades, environment and its relevant issues are becoming the greatest concern of most countries. Public opinion becomes the interest of most policy makers and sociologist reformist. Improved understanding of public perceptions about global warming and other environmental issues can contribute to informing scientific and policy discussions. The aim of this study is to assess the (1) the extent of concern on the major environmental issues of the city (2) the preference between environmental protection and energy production, and (3) to compare the extent of concern of the public according to their respective district.  A total of 1151 respondents, ages 18 and above was derived using the systematic sampling at 95% confidence interval, and proportionate sampling distribution to ensure representativeness with the population of the city. The results suggest that Dabawenyos are greatly worried about global warming (92%), deforestation and urban flooding (88%), and energy crisis are considered as the most alarming environmental problem in the city. Moreover, they are more favorable to environmentally-friendly solutions in addressing the city’s energy problem, and the government should put greater emphasis on the development of renewable energy (96%). The degree of concerns and emphasis on environmental protection of the community can be directly equated to the traumatic environmental phenomena that had happened in the city.   Keywords: Ecology and Conservation, environmental issues, renewable energy, poll survey, Philippines

Great Britain: The Illusion of Governmental Authority

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-562
Author(s):  
Norman H. Keehn
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
British Government ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
The Government

The capacity of the British Government to pursue and achieve economic purposes under liberal managed capitalism without the consent, cooperation, or passive acquiescence of organized producer groups is inherently limited. The ineluctable fact is that the British Government is dependent on the holders of economic power for achieving economic purposes. For this reason, national policy makers enter into partnership arrangements and contractual relationships with vital corporatist forces. Deliberate, premeditated, collaborative action is needed to ensure correlation between the government's intentions and achievements. Concertation, which represents a partnership between the public and private sectors as well as cooperative give-and-take in reaching agreements on economic objectives, enables the government to govern.

scholarly journals Peran komunikasi publik dalam menanggapi gelombang disinformasi Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Dody Setyawan ◽  
Dekki Umamur Ra'is ◽  
Abd. Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Communication Campaign ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Object Of Study

Disinformation has reduced public confidence in the government and scientists in handling Covid-19. These conditions hamper the overall handling of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the context of responding to a global pandemic, disinformation greatly affects the country's response to a global pandemic by undermining trust, creating fear, and sometimes leading to harmful behavior. It is important for policy makers to understand disinformation and how to respond to it. This study uses a literature review approach with data sources coming from several documents that have been verified and have a relationship with the object of study. The stages of the study start from choosing a review topic, finding and selecting appropriate articles, analyzing and synthesizing the literature, and finally presenting a review of the study. the results show that the government should have official information channels with verified, transparent, sustainable and fast sources of information. The government must also provide clear and definite information through official channels and trusted media. The government must also ensure the consistency of information. In addition, the government must maintain a transparent pattern of communication about the situation, actions and risks it takes. The aim is to restore public trust in public institutions, in information that has been conveyed by the government to the public as well as guidelines that have been provided by the government to the public, such as health protocol guidelines and the last is "Pre-bunk", or be aware of the potential for disinformation before occurred, as part of a public information and communication campaign. 

scholarly journals MERETAS URGENSI AUDIT KINERJA DALAM MENCIPTAKAN AKUNTABILITAS KINERJA INSTANSI PEMERINTAH KOTA/KABUPATEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugimin Sugimin
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Instrument ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Performance Accountability ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Basic Standards

This article explains the urgency of an audits performance (value for money audits) in creating of performance accountability at cityor district government instance. This study was conducted by literature study with reference to a number of previous study and related regulations. The results of the study indicate that performance is a formal evaluation instrument for the government program. It helps to increase the public accountability by providing information concerning the government performance that may not be accessible to the public. The understanding of this concept and its implementation will enable to achieve optimal accountability for the public sector. It is concerned about performance audits centered on economic achievement, efficiency, and effectiveness depend on the existence of regulation, planning, assessment, authorization and control over the use of its resources. It is the responsibility of the public policy makers to establish the arrangements and to ensure that they are functioning appropriately. The responsibility of the internal auditor is to independently verify that execution of activities by policymakers have complied with the basic standards.

scholarly journals Monopolization Tendencies as a Result of the Neoliberal Policies in the Media Industry and a Look to the Last Half Century in the Example of Turkey

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Çelik
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ownership Structures ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Organic Bond

Economy politics that were formed with neoliberalism affected media industry like it affected all the other spheres of economy. The concentration of media structures in the world, the companies which work in the media industry being worked in the other spheres of economy, the struggle of these companies against the regulations about the media and their emphasis on the cancellation of these regulations; and the international activities of media companies attract the attention of the public for the last 50 years approximately. These developments in the media industry have been experienced in Turkey and these continued to be experienced. Neoliberal politics that were applied after 1980s caused important changes in the media industry. Another important point that attracts the attention is that even though the media actors have changed; the number of the structures that are active in media is limited and this number has not been changed for years. This paper aims to put forward the changes in the media industry in Turkey and the structures that have been shaped around these changes in the framework of neoliberal policies which were started in 1980s. In this paper a qualitative research design is used and ownership structures are analysed to investigate the changes in Turkey’s media industry since 1980s. Consequently it is seen that media actors have been changed but their numbers stayed the same. Furthermore the ownership structure of the media that is formed as a result of these developments and the organic bond between the Government is underlined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document