Income and Consumption in Egypt, 1886/1887 to 1937

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent Hansen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
World War ◽  
British Occupation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
To Come

The attempt to estimate per capita income for Egypt from 1886/1887 to 1937, presented in this paper, is part of an effort to evaluate British colonial economic policyduring the period of the British occupation of Egypt. For such an evaluation national income estimates covering the whole period would be very helpful. National income estimates worth the name, however, go back only to 1935–1939, and for years earlier than the 1950s they are of very poor quality. Compared with so many other lessdeveloped countries, Egypt has relatively rich statistics extending backward to the decades before World War I; but they do not really suffice for building up a national income series from either the production or the expenditure side, and from the income side there is hardly any information. In this situation, which both development economists and economic historians know only too well, the problem is how to make maximal use of existing production and expenditure indicators in order to come out with some idea of what per capita income developments may have looked like. Apart from gauging per capita income in Egypt during half a century before World War II, the paper serves more generally to illustrate a methodology that may find application for other countries.

Economic Conditions and the Presidential Vote

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Erikson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
World War ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Income Change ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
Per Capita

This analysis demonstrates that the relative growth of per capita income change is an important determinant of post-World War II presidential election outcomes. Per capita income change is even a better predictor of presidential election outcomes than the electorate's relative attraction to the Democratic and Republican candidates as calibrated in National Election Study surveys. The significance of this finding is discussed.

The Demographic Transition in the Middle East and North Africa

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Allman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita

Is there indeed a new or renewed demographic transition? The evidence suggests that there is. A rapidly growing number of countries of diverse cultural background have entered the natality transition since World War II and after a 25-year lapse in such entries. In these countries the transition is moving much faster than it did in Europe. This is probably related to the fact that progress in general is moving much faster in such matters as urbanization, education, health, communication, and often per capita income.

scholarly journals CONVERGÊNCIA E DIVERGÊNCIA NOS NÍVEIS DE RENDA PER CAPITA: UMA CRÍTICA À APLICABILIDADE DOS MODELOS NEOCLÁSSICOS DE CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Almeida Fonseca ◽  
José Luís Oreiro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
World War ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

O artigo pretende analisar em que medida os modelos neoclássicos de crescimento econômico – mais especificamente, o modelo de Solow (1956, 1957), o modelo de Mankiw, Romer e Weill (1992) e o modelo de Romer (1990) – são capazes de explicar a divergência global nos níveis de renda per capita nos últimos dois séculos e a convergência nos níveis de renda per capita e o catch-up ocorridos entre Europa e Estados Unidos no período do Pós Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com efeito, trata-se de uma confrontação entre teoria e prática, de modo a analisar de que forma tais modelos explicam (ou não) os fatos supramencionados. No trabalho, demonstra-se que a ocorrência dos fatos anteriormente mencionados deveu-se fundamentalmente às diferenças do progresso técnico existente entre as economias (no caso da divergência) e à redução de tais disparidades entre os Estados Unidos e a Europa no período de tempo imediatamente após a 2.a Guerra Mundial (no caso da convergência e do catch-up). Na verdade, tenta-se demonstrar que os modelos apresentados não conseguem explicar satisfatoriamente os fatos ocorridos, sendo válidos apenas em casos específicos. O que o artigo se propõe a expor é que a realidade do crescimento econômico mundial é bastante diferente das conclusões dos modelos neoclássicos considerados. Abstract This work intends to analyze in which way the neoclassical growth models – more specifically, Solow (1956, 1957), Mankiw, Romer and Weill (1992) and Romer (1990) – are capable to explain the global divergence on the levels of per capita income over the last two centuries and the convergence on the levels of per capita income and the catch-up occurred between Europe and the United States after World War II. In fact, it is a confrontation between theory and practice, in order to view in which way these models explain (or not) the above-mentioned facts. During the present work, we demonstrate that the occurrence of these facts were mainly caused by differences on technological progress between economies (case of divergence) and the reduction of such disparities between the United States and Europe on the period of time immediately after World War II (case of convergence and catch-up). In fact, we try to demonstrate that these models are incapable to give a satisfactory explanation to the occurred facts, being only valid on specific cases. The work tries to propose that the reality of global economic growth differs considerably from the conclusions of the considered neoclassical growth models.

From the Great War to White Christmas

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Magee
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Great War

Irving Berlin’s all-soldier World War I revue, Yip Yip Yaphank, made a unique impact on Broadway in 1918 and in Berlin’s work for decades to come. The show forged a compelling and comic connection between theatrical conventions and military protocols, using elements from minstrelsy, the Ziegfeld Follies, and Berlin’s distinctive songs. Featuring such Berlin standards as “Sterling Silver Moon” (later revised as “Mandy”) and “Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning,” it was revised for World War II as This Is the Army, and scenes from it reappear, transformed, in Berlin’s films Alexander’s Ragtime Band and White Christmas.

The Myth of the Innocent Nation

2018 ◽  
pp. 198-238
Author(s):  
Richard T. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
American People ◽  
World War ◽  
Black Soldiers ◽  
American Myths ◽  
To Come

While the myth of the Innocent Nation weaves a tale that is objectively false with no redemptive qualities, it is one of the strongest of the American myths in terms of its hold over the American people. That myth, like the nation itself, hangs suspended between the golden age of an innocent past (Nature’s Nation) and a golden age of innocence yet to come (Millennial Nation). Suspended in that vacuous state, Americans imagine that history is irrelevant. How could it be otherwise? Nothing destroys a sense of innocence like the terrors of history taken seriously. Anchored by the pillars that stand at the beginning and end of time, the myth of the Innocent Nation flourished during every modern conflict beginning with World War I, but especially when the nation faced enemies like Nazi Germany in World War II or Isis during the War on Terror. The irony was obvious, for even as the nation proclaimed its innocence, black soldiers, for example, returned from World War II only to face brutality and segregation in their own nation. Countless blacks from Muhammed Ali to Toni Morrison to James Baldwin to Ta-Nehisi Coates have protested that irony in the American myth of Innocence.

The Determinants of U.K. Investment Abroad, 1870–1913: The U.S. Case

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 980-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Foreign Lending ◽  
The U.S

Perhaps because the world had never before or since seen such a large proportion of national income devoted to accumulating overseas assets, the processes of British accumulation in the period from 1870 to 1913 have long been given disproportionate attention in the study of modern British economic history. Calculations based on C. H. Feinstein's latest studies of U.K. income, expenditures and product suggest that roughly half of the nation's annual savings took the form of net foreign lending during these years, savings averaging slightly less than ten percent of net national income. Undoubtedly, interest in these matters has been further augmented by the intriguing problem of the United Kingdom's loss of world leadership in both industrial output and per capita income during these same years.

Dynamics, Characteristics and Prospects of Consumer Spending in Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Alqi Naqellari ◽  
Eros Angjeli ◽  
Nexhmi Dumani
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Abstract In this paper analyzes the problem of the dynamics of income and expenditure of households in Albania. Analyzing costs in general, spending on food in particular, both connected with a range of other indicators of welfare, with per capita income, expenses for the basket of goods, according to its elements and structure. Survey basket expenditure according to regions of Albania. Analyzed per capita income, expenses basket compared with countries in the region, Europe and the world. The goal is: to extract an accurate conclusion, the place at which ranks Albania in these indicators. What to do in the future, in order to emerge from this negative situation. The conclusions drawn from the analysis are: Albania ranks last places of the world, the indicator of per capita income and expenditure of households. Ranked in first countries in the region and in Europe for the indication of the percentage of expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks to the total cost of items in the basket. This situation has come as a result of lower rates of growth of its economy. It recommended changes in the structure of GDP in terms of growth of light industry and food industry extraction and processing, etc. By developing these branches will grow faster GDP and national income, and consequently will increase per capita income. Methods used are: methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of description and comparison, statistical methods etc.

Is There a Future for New Communist States?

2021 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
George W. Breslauer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
World War ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Vietnam War ◽  
To Come

Communism was the offspring of wars: World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War. Are such wars likely in the coming decades? If not, new communist regimes on the Leninist-Stalinist-Maoist models are unlikely to come to power in the name of Marxism-Leninism. Whether that ideological heritage becomes again a beacon for revolution may depend on whether, in the future, the historical imagination comes to view communism as having been an achievement or a tragedy.

The Cost of World War II to the Soviet People: A Research Note

1978 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Millar ◽  
Susan J. Linz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Income ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
World War ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Cost

Although the total real cost of World War II to the Soviet people has yet to be fully tallied, there can be little doubt that it exceeds that of any other major participant, per capita as well as absolutely. The objective of this paper is to compare and evaluate the real war costs reported by the Soviets with those implied by Soviet pronouncements and those using Soviet national income data. Our purpose is to determine the reasonableness of the Soviet claim that World War II cost the Soviet economy two Five-Year Plans.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Performance of Government of Pakistan

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 831-841
Author(s):  
Farooq Rasheed ◽  
Eatzaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
National Income ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Per Capita

The use of social and economic indicators to evaluate and rank governments’ performance is often found in literature. The Anglo-Commonwealth and Scandinavian countries rest on the surveillance of work in the various ministries. This performance accounting approach thus becomes crucial for any regime to perform superlatively to their predecessors and thus it provides the basis to suggest why it is important to inspect governance of a government. Government’s efficacy also depends on the magnitude of the welfare that it is able to achieve. Debate on welfare is dated back to Adam Smith at-least. Now the question is what should be the welfare gauging indicators. We understand that, issues related to poverty, land utilisation, agriculture and industrial sectors, health services, education, growth rate of national income, per capita income, employment, etc. are important factors that can explain welfare status of a nation. Thus by developing an index based on performance in these areas, various political regimes can be evaluated and ranked. These evaluations and rankings set standards for future governments to improve. Thus these studies can be useful for developing and improving social welfare standards.

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