ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СОРБЦІЙНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ВОЛОКНИСТИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ, МОДИФІКОВАНИХ ГЛИНИСТИМИ МІНЕРАЛАМИ

The paper presents the results of determining the sorption properties of nonwoven materials modified with clay minerals, obtained on the basis of fibrous waste, in relation to the methylene blue indicator to determine the possibility of using the created materials in the purification of light industry wastewater from dyes and heavy metal ions.Purpose. Determination of kinetic regularities of sorption (by methylene blue) of fibrous nonwoven materials modified with different types and amounts of clay adsorbents.Methodology. Nonwovens obtained from elastic fibrous waste of the textile industry were used as a basis in the work. They consisted of Lycra 162 C (PU) complex fibers and Nylon 6.6 f20 / 1 (PA-6.6) fibers in a ratio of 70/30 wt. %. For bonding the nonwoven material, adhesive bicomponent fibers Acebon 4/51 black (4 den) (BVCh) (20 wt%) were added to the initial composition. To enhance the sorption capacity of the PU / PA / BV 80/20 fabric, powders of montmorillonite clay (clay grade PBA-18) and palygorskite (clay grade PP-5) type were introduced in an amount of up to 40% by weight of the nonwoven material. Evaluation of the sorption properties of modified fibrous materials with different clay adsorbents was performed by determining the change in the optical density of MS solutions of a given concentration.Scientific novelty. It was found that fibrous materials modified by the studied samples of montmorillonite and paligorskite clays show high absorption capacity relative to the methylene blue dye due to its multilayer sorption. After 24 hours of processing, the degree of absorption is 70% when using clay brand PBA-18 in the amount of 40% by weight of the fibrous material, which is higher than when using clay brand PP-5 (45%) under the same conditions.Practical value. Sorption materials modified with clay minerals can be further used to treat wastewater from light and chemical industries from heavy metal ions.

Experience of Female Entrepreneurs With Disabilities in Zimbabwe

The global population of people with disabilities is estimated to be around one billion which represents 15% of the population. It is further estimated that the majority of people with disabilities are found in developing countries to which the majority are women. Adding on to the challenge, 82% percent of disabled people live below the poverty line and can barely employ sustainable means of earning a living and neither can they widen livelihood options due to their circumstances. Thus, they are languishing in absolute poverty. Developing countries are lagging behind in promoting the economic rights of women with disabilities. This is mainly shown by their absence in formal employment because many developing countries do not have policies which facilitate the employment of women with disabilities. Women with disabilities in Zimbabwe are concentrated in light industry entrepreneurship. The majority are found in vending, buying, and selling of cloth and electrical items, others are involved in cross-border trading.

Research of the Structure and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Modified Clay

The article presents the properties of natural clay in Uzbekistan. The historical analysis of the use of this natural raw material is presented. Possibilities of changing the properties of clay by introducing synthetic fibers of light industry waste into it are considered. Calculations of the properties of clay with the introduction of various additives and the technology of its processing are given. It has been established that modification of clay with fibrous waste and subsequent heat treatment improves frost resistance, and water resistance of the material, these properties depend on the percentage of fiber content, heat treatment temperature and time of holding the material in the furnace.

Multi-Threshold Image Segmentation of Maize Diseases Based on Elite Comprehensive Particle Swarm Optimization and Otsu

Maize is a major global food crop and as one of the most productive grain crops, it can be eaten; it is also a good feed for the development of animal husbandry and essential raw material for light industry, chemical industry, medicine, and health. Diseases are the main factor limiting the high and stable yield of maize. Scientific and practical identification is a vital link to reduce the damage of diseases and accurate segmentation of disease spots is one of the fundamental techniques for disease identification. However, one single method cannot achieve a good segmentation effect to meet the diversity and complexity of disease spots. In order to solve the shortcomings of noise interference and oversegmentation in the Otsu segmentation method, a non-local mean filtered two-dimensional histogram was used to remove the noise in disease images and a new elite strategy improved comprehensive particle swarm optimization (PSO) method was used to find the optimal segmentation threshold of the objective function in this study. The experimental results of segmenting three kinds of maize foliar disease images show that the segmentation effect of this method is better than other similar algorithms and it has better convergence and stability.

Ukrainian Traditional Embroidery in Clothes of the 50s of the Twentieth Century

The purpose of the article is to highlight fashion trends in clothing using traditional Ukrainian embroidery in the 50s of the twentieth century. The methodological foundations of the study are based on historical, art and cultural observations and analysis. Scientific novelty. The article examines historical sources, artifact finds, indicating the presence of embroidered ornamental elements in the decoration of the clothes of the Ukrainians of the indicated period. The manufacture of clothing, including embroidery, on the territory of Ukraine is associated with artisanal and industrial production. The article analyzes the state of embroidery using modern fashion trends in clothing of the 50s of the twentieth century. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis of the art of making clothes of Ukrainian fashion of the 50s. XX century, we can state that the creation of compositionally complete collections of clothes, including those developed using national traditions, was possible due to the unification of the creative efforts of various industries of light industry. Mainly, in the fashion of the 50s, there were cardinal changes in silhouettes and shapes, in accordance with the change in the ideal of beauty. Skirts, straight and flared, came into fashion, pleated skirts, dress-coats, coats, suits made of shaped, overcoat fabrics, which were decorated with metal, leather, wooden buttons, were introduced, taking into account folk ornamental traditions. New styles of dresses were created on a fitted basis with the use of a variety of embroidered ornaments: «roosters», «flowers», embroidered with «nets», «satin stitch», with elements of sewing fabrics along the entire product, etc. The implementation of thematic, original artful designs directed and coordinated the activities of the textile, clothing, knitwear industries. Elements of national clothing with common motives of traditional Ukrainian embroidery attracted special attention in the fashion of that time.

Exploring the sinicization of Marx's social capital reproduction theory: review and reflection

PurposeKarl Marx's social capital reproduction theory is his significant contribution to economics. The purpose of this paper is to review the contributions of the exploration of Chinese economists (especially Professor Liu Guoguang) in the concretization of Marx’s social capital reproduction theory combined with socialist construction since 1949.Design/methodology/approachDuring this process, Professor Liu Guoguang, a famous Chinese Marxist economist, has made an outstanding contribution by creating a Marxist social capital reproduction model with Chinese characteristics and a distinctive Marxist economic growth model. Professor Liu's exploration is still of crucial practical significance to building a socialist market economy today.FindingsThe process and achievements in the sinicization exploration of Marx's social capital reproduction theory were reviewed. With the reform and opening up, fundamental changes have occurred in China's economic system – the centralized planned economic system has been transformed into a socialist market economic system.Originality/valueThe planned management of the national economy is replaced by a macro-regulation system characterized by gross control gradually, and the concepts of agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry, and their intercorrelation are no longer applied in theory and policy. However, the sinicization exploration of Marx's social capital reproduction theory in the older generation of Marxist economists represented by Liu is not only of historical significance but also of important practical significance.

INVESTIGATED STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS FOR LIGHT INDUSTRY PRODUCTS AND PERMISSIBLE BURROWS OF ELECTRIC CHARGE

In article the strict requirements imposed to products of light industry by the international EKO-TEX-100 standard are considered, characteristics of the properties of biological safety of clothes produced from textile materials and a knitted cloth are given, the question of existence of an electro statistical charge in products of light industry against increase oncological and nervous a disease and its influence on health of the person is discussed.

Research of the Ukraine light industry main market segments during the COVID-19 pandemic

This article aims to improve the theoretical and applied bases of activating the development of the light industry market in Ukraine by determining the factors that influence this process. Design / methodology / approach — In the article, authors use a set of scientific methods that ensured the conceptual integrity of the study, in particular: logic — to study the evolution of development of the light industry market; system аnd observation -to highlight the conceptual foundations of the light industry market; methods of dialectical reasoning, induction, deduction — to justify principles of development; statistical analysis — to study the peculiarities of the development of the light industry market in Ukraine (under the influence of the COVID pandemic — 19). The concept of sustainable development of the industry is adhered to in the work. Ukraine’s light industry is a multi-segment industry for the production of final consumer goods with rapid capital turnover. This industry has significant production potential in the process of meeting the domestic needs of consumers in non-food products. Nevertheless, the demand of the domestic market is predominantly met by imports. Only certain segments of light industry (for example, textile, etc.) have a promising growth in terms of entering foreign markets, but with a high share of tolling operations in Ukrainian exports. The light industry market needs to overcome the high dependence of imported raw materials; increase price competitiveness of domestic goods, reduction of illegal imports and shadow production of goods in the domestic market of light industry. The analysis of the influence of factors on the development of the light industry market revealed the following main trends in the industry: reduction of aggregate demand and production of goods (through consumers’ appeals to meet basic needs during the pandemic); consolidation of participants in the domestic market of light industry and exit from the market of weak counterparties; high dependence on world prices for raw materials, which has a low level of quality; growth of consignments of groupage cargoes; emergence of logistical and transport problems; deepening outsourcing in value chains; development of contactless delivery of goods to home; intensification of intra-industry competition and a significant share of the shadow sector; low productivity in the industry and shortage of qualified personnel. The industry needs to gain a highly competitive status through the production of high quality goods and increase supplies of products for export with a high share of value added, reduce the flow of used clothing, government support for the development of the sector. Prospects for the development of the sector are supported by the high adaptability of Ukrainian enterprises to changing market conditions, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The development potential of the light industry market should be realized in terms of ensuring the competitiveness of Ukrainian products: by improving the quality of raw materials imports, improving the production structure, taking into account the innovative potential of the industry and the prospects for expanding the capacity of the light industry market, through the formation of industrial technology parks, clusters, vertically integrated structures with the involvement of representatives small and medium-sized businesses, as the most adaptable to the light industry market, as well as improving logistics chains for creating added value, a network of wholesale and branded trade, strengthening the marketing and logistics departments of light industry enterprises.

Optimum control of purpose activities in the area of quality based on a linear model of dynamics in state space

The paper considers the optimization problem formulation at goal-setting in the field of quality on the basis of a dynamics verified linear model in the state space using stepwise and linear laws of enterprise activity management. The classical quadratic functional to find optimal solutions for goal-setting was used. The direct connection of these functional components with the Taguchi loss function for product quality indicators has been substantiated, and the function scope application on the managing purposeful activities process has been expanded. The optimization parameters are determined, which are the amplification factors of the control actions. These actions ensure the actual attainability of the set goals in the field of quality during the time planned period. The optimal solutions search was carried out on the example of the textile and light industry CJSC “Salyut” (St. Petersburg). The functional minimum value in case of stepwise control law is more than 14 times greater than with a linear law. This fact found under the condition of equal unit costs for quality losses and control caused by their deviations from the nominal values. The results obtained can be used for a reasonable choice of the enterprise management law in the goal-setting in the field of quality.