7. United States Proposal on Trusteeship in the Pacific, as Transmitted to the Members of the Security Council, New Zealand, and the Philippines.

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Second World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Administration And Supervision ◽  
Second World

Whereas, Article 75 of the Charter of the United Nations provides for the establishment of an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent agreements; andWhereas, under Article 77 of the said Charter the trusteeship may be applied to territories now held under mandate; andWhereas, on Dec. 17,1920 the Council of the League of Nations confirmed a mandate for the former German islands north of the Equator to Japan, to be administered in accordance with Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations; and Whereas, Japan, as a result of the Second World War, has ceased to exercise any authority in these islands;Now therefore, the Security Council of the United Nations, having satisfied itself that the relevant articles of the Charter have been complied with, hereby resolves to approve the following terms of trusteeship for the Pacific Islands formerly under mandate to Japan.

6. Trusteeship Agreement for the Former Japanese Mandated Islands Approved at the One Hundred and Twenty-Fourth Meeting of the Security Council, April 2,1947.

1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-414
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Second World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Administration And Supervision ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

WHEREAS Article 75 of the Charter of the United Nations provides for the establishment of an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent agreements; andWHEREAS under Article 77 of the said Charter the trusteeship system may be applied to territories now held under mandate; andWHEREAS on 17 December 1920 the Council of the League of Nations confirmed a mandate for the former German islands north of the equator to Japan, to be administered in accordance with Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations; andWHEREAS Japan, as a result of the Second World War, has ceased to exercise any authority in these islands;NOW, THEREFORE, the Security Council of the United Nations, having satisfied itself that the relevant articles of the Charter have been complied with, hereby resolves to approve the following terms of trusteeship for the Pacific Islands formerly under mandate to Japan.

scholarly journals International bureaucracy and the United Nations system

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svanhildur Thorvaldsdottir ◽  
Ronny Patz ◽  
Steffen Eckhard
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Second World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
International Bureaucracy ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Second World ◽  
Nations System

Built on the administrative system of the League of Nations, since the Second World War, the United Nations has grown into a sizeable, complex and multilevel system of several dozen international bureaucracies. Outside of a brief period in the 1980s, and despite growing scholarship on international public administrations over the past two decades, there have been few publications in the International Review of Administrative Sciences on the evolution of the United Nations system and its many public administrations. The special issue ‘International Bureaucracy and the United Nations System’ aims to encourage renewed scholarly focus on this global level of public administration. This introduction makes the case for why studying the United Nations’ bureaucracies matters from a public administration perspective, takes stock of key literature and discusses how the seven articles contribute to key substantive and methodological advancements in studying the administrations of the United Nations system.

2. Report by the Trusteeship Council to the Security Council on Strategic Areas Under Trusteeship, July 22, 1949

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-761
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Educational Advancement ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Fourth Session

In accordance with Article 83 of the Charter, and with the resolution adopted by the Security Council at its 415th meeting on 8 March 1949 and the resolution adopted by the Trusteeship Council at the forty-sixth meeting of its fourth session on 24 March 1949, the Trusteeship Council has carried out on behalf of the Security Council those functions of the United Nations under the International Trusteeship System relating to political, economic, social and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, designated as a strategic area.

ON THE ROLE AND RELEVANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Михаил Елизаров
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
International Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Second World

Born out of the ashes of the Second World War, the United Nations has made a major contribution to maintain international peace and security. Based on common goals, shared burdens and expenses, responsibility and accountability, the UN helped to reduce the risk of a repetition of a Word War, to reduce hunger and poverty, and promote human rights. But today, the legitimacy and credibility of the UN have been seriously undermined by the desire of some countries to act alone, abandoning multilateralism. So, do we need the UN today?

scholarly journals The United Nations: Implications of Soft Power

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Sara Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Cold War

The United Nations is often looked to for guidance in conflict prevention and intervention, but its lack of hard power has proven to be extremely limiting. Although the United Nations has been a major improvement from the League of Nations, its ability to maintain world peace is restricted by the aspirations of its member states. The Security Council is especially significant, made up of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, China and Russia. Each state in the Security Council has the ability to veto any initiative proposed by the United Nations. Additionally, the United Nations cannot take action without leadership from one or more of its states, and many states are hesitant to sacrifice their military resources even in the event of major human rights violations. This hesitancy to intervene is especially evident in the case study of the Rwandan genocide, but can also be seen in the Cold War and the Syrian Civil War, amongst other conflicts.

The Commonwealth and Domestic Jurisdiction

1961 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Howell ◽  
Robert R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
South African ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Domestic Jurisdiction ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Racial Policy ◽  
The Government

The United Nations Security Council in a resolution passed on August 9, 1960, reaffirmed that “the United Nations force in the Congo will not be a party to or in any way intervene in or be used to influence the outcome of any internal conflict. …” A Commonwealth state, Ceylon, was a cosponsor of this precedent-making resolution. A few weeks earlier the Government of Malaya had announced a boycott on South African goods in protest against South Africa’s racial policy, another dispute involving a domestic jurisdiction plea. Commonwealth members have been parties to approximately half of the disputes in League of Nations or United Nations history that are fairly classifiable as involving pleas of domestic jurisdiction. These recent actions of Ceylon and Malaya suggest that the newer members of the Commonwealth will be no less active in shaping the domestic jurisdiction concept than the older members have been.

The United Nations and Colonialism: A Tentative Appraisal

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Karan Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Full Measure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The United Nations

Colonialism, at least as it is generally defined in the United Nations as Western rule of non-metropolitan areas, is rapidly being brought to a close. As a consequence, within a few years some of the activities of the United Nations will be reduced to almost insignificant proportions. Seven of the eleven territories that were once included within the trusteeship system have already achieved self-government or independence, and another, Ruanda-Urundi, will soon attain that goal. Unless new territories are added, only Nauru, New Guinea, and the Pacific Islands will remain under trusteeship. The list of territories which according to the General Assembly are subject to the provisions of Chapter XI of the Charter has not been cut as drastically, but in terms of the number of people involved, the reduction is equally impressive. Even with the high rate of population growth and the addition of the Spanish and Portuguese dependencies, the number of people living in such areas is about one-fifth of the 1946 figure of 215,000,000. With a few important exceptions such as Kenya, Uganda, Nyasaland and the Rhodesias, and Angola and Mozambique, the territories which in the UN's view “have not yet attained a full measure of self-government” are small and have populations of less than one million. It has already been recommended that the future of the Department of Trusteeship and Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories and the possibility of allocating its duties to other departments be reviewed in the light of these developments.

scholarly journals History Issues and Japan’s Bid for Permanent Membership in the UN Security Council

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Karol Żakowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Un Reform ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World ◽  
States History

The article examines the impact of history problems on Japan’s long-lasting efforts to gain permanent membership in the United Nations (UN) Security Council. It analyzes both the domestic stimuli behind Tokyo’s stance on the UN reform and the external constraints on the UN Security Council enlargement. It is argued that while problems with Japan’s bid for permanent membership in the UN Security Council stemmed mainly from divergent interests of member states, history issues constituted an additional obstacle that weakened Tokyo’s position in negotiations on the UN reform. The discourse on lack of repentance by Japan for the atrocities committed during the Second World War was instrumentally used by the country’s rivals, mainly China and South Korea, all in the effort to hinder Tokyo’s efforts on the international arena.

The Private Diplomacy of Shibusawa Eiichi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibusawa Masahide
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Sovereign Nations ◽  
Modern Japan

“This book offers an account of the life of Shibusawa Eiichi, who may be considered the first ‘internationalist’ in modern Japan, written by his great grandson Masahide and published in 1970 under the title, Taiheiyo ni kakeru hashi (Building Bridges Over the Pacific). Japan had a tortuous relationship with internationalism between 1840, when Shibusawa was born, and 1931, the year the nation invaded Manchuria and when he passed away. The key to understanding Shibusawa’s thoughts against the background of this history, the author shows, lies in the concept of ‘people’s diplomacy,’ namely an approach to international relations through non-governmental connections. Such connections entail more transnational than international relations. In that sense, Shibusawa was more a transnationalist than an internationalist thinker. Internationalism presupposes the prior existence of sovereign states among which they cooperate to establish a peaceful order. The best examples are the League of Nations and the United Nations. Transnationalism, in contrast, goes beyond the framework of sovereign nations and promotes connections among individuals and non-governmental organizations. It could be called “globalism” in the sense that transnationalism aims at building bridges across the globe apart from independent nation-states. In that sense Shibusawa was a pioneering globalist. It was only in the 1990s that expressions like globalism and globalization came to be widely used. This was more than sixty years after Shibusawa Eiichi’s death, which suggests how pioneering his thoughts were.” [Akira Iriye]

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