Focusing Interrelations of Education Plans and Social Inequality in Early Childhood

Contributing to research on social inequality in early childhood, this chapter addresses the relevance of education plans in institutional early childhood education and care (ECEC) towards fostering children's educational advancement. To do so, results are discussed from an ongoing research project focusing on 3-6-year-old children's social-emotional skills (SES, taken as an important marker of educational advancement). Next, taking a qualitative multilevel stance, interviews with ECEC providers' representatives in Lower Saxony, Germany were analyzed with regard to challenges in advancing SES, showing interrelations as well as discrepancies between ECEC politics and practice, questioning the impact of education plans on reducing social inequality in early childhood.

Social Barriers to, and Gender Gaps in, Educational Attainment for Rural Citizens in China

This research project examined the social barriers to gender equalities in rural Chinese educational contexts in order to identify impediments to educational advancement and, thus, career mobility and poverty reduction, especially for rural girls in the long-term. The research questions of this study were as follows: In what ways and to what extent do different social factors influence the gender gaps among rural Chinese students' academic outcomes? The examined barriers were (1) gender, (2) parental educational attainment, (3) opportunities to practise Mandarin at home, (4) social welfare entitlement, (5) adequacy of educational facilities, and (6) transport accessibility. Human capital theory and dependency theory were used to develop the conceptual framework. Low paternal and particularly maternal education are associated with the widening rural Chinese cohorts' gender gaps in educational attainment; the magnitudes of the found associations are moderate.

Academic Resilience: The Ultimate Thriving Constituent Toward Persistence in Doctoral Studies

A doctoral degree is perceived as a milestone in one’s expedition of educational advancement; however, studies show that 40% to 60% doctoral candidates do not possess persistence to complete their degree. The purpose of this phenomenological inquiry is to explore the factors that contribute toward increasing the persistence level among the doctoral students. Semi structured in-person interviews of eight participants (four male and four female) selected through snowball sampling were conducted in a university setting. The thematic analysis identified certain motivational factors including career progression, gaining subject command, and the desire to achieve self-actualization. Autonomy, sense of purpose, self-determination, and problem-solving skills were found to be the most effective factors that promote resiliency in the students to help complete their degrees.

Non-state Schools in Nigeria

Indisputably, education in every society is pivotal to national development without which the society retrogresses. The world superpowers, the United States, China, Germany, UK, France, Canada, Japan e.t.c. are able to attain substantial economic growths as a result of educational advancement through quality schools that result in the production of quality education at all levels. In these countries, education in both states and non-states institutions is well funded to meetup their innovative demands and overcome challenges. This is not the case in Nigeria where education budgets are just below 15% of the total budget of the country hence, the degradation of public schools and the over-reliance on non-state schools. Regardless of the expansive growth experienced in the sector (non-state institutions), another danger looms as these schools are following the footsteps of their counterparts (state owned schools) towards unethical activities that threaten realisation of the general goals of education. This paper focuses on the basic education levels of primary and secondary schools. It looks into the activities of non-state schools that are not in tandem with the purpose of teaching and learning. The paper examines cases from the two largest states of Nigeria, Kano and Lagos wherein it analyses the situations and arrive at some valuable conclusions.

Does educational progress impact energy consumption? A causality test for India

Purpose Both energy and education have been positioned as priority objectives under the itinerary of UN development goals. Hence, it is necessary to address the implicit inter relationship between these two development goals in the context of developing nations such as India who are trying to grow in both per capita income and socio economic factors whilst struggling with the challenges of a severe energy supply constrained economy. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, the causal relationship between energy consumption per capita and education index (EI) as a proxy of educational advancement is investigated for India for 1990–2016 using the Johansen-Juselius cointegration test and vector error correction model. Findings The empirical results infer although energy consumption per capita and EI lack short run causality in either direction, existence of unidirectional long run causality from EI to per capita energy consumption is found for India. Further, it is observed that energy consumption per capita takes around four years to respond to unit shock in EI. Research limitations/implications The findings from this study imply that with the advancement of education, a rise in per capita energy consumption requirement can be foreseen on the demand side, and hence, India’s energy policy needs to emphasize further its sustainable energy supply goals to meet this additional demand coming from a population with better education facilities. Originality/value The authors hereby confirm that this manuscript is entirely their own original study and not submitted elsewhere.

Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure or Atrial Fibrillation in The Moli-Sani Study Cohort

We investigated the association of cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage (CSD) and socioeconomic (SES) trajectories across life course with the risk of first hospitalization for heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation (AF) and tested some biological mechanisms in explaining such associations. Longitudinal analysis on 21,756 HF- and AF-free subjects recruited in the Moli-sani Study (2005-2010; Italy) and followed up for 8.2 years. CSD was computed using childhood SES, education and adulthood SES indicators, and the same were used to define overall trajectories. High disadvantage across life course (CSD≥8) posed subjects at increased risk of HF (Hazard ratio [HR]=2.58; 95%CI 1.78, 3.74) or AF (HR=1.57;1.05,2.33), as compared to low CSD. All explanatory factors accounted for 18.5% and 24% of the excess of HF and AF risks, respectively, associated with CSD. For subjects with low childhood SES, advancements in education lowered risk of HF (HR=0.70;0.48, 1.02) or AF (HR=0.50;0.28, 0.89), whereas achievements of adulthood SES were unlikely to contribute to disease reduction. In conclusion, a life-course disadvantaged SES is an important predictor of first hospitalization for HF and AF; known risk factors partially explained the SES-disease gradient. Upwardly mobile groups are likely to mitigate the effect of poor childhood circumstances especially through educational advancement.

Religious Capital of the Oppressed

Black advancement in Antebellum Philadelphia was not solely a byproduct of White philanthropy, but Black residents advocated for a more inclusive form of education. Scholars have considered the influence of the Black church in educational progress, but not the influence of religion on the educational advocates. This chapter analyzes religion as a form of capital on the antebellum Philadelphian Black Christian community. This chapter achieved this by conducting a socio-historical content analysis of primary sources such as sermon manuscripts and books, as well as secondary sources such as history books and journal articles. Ultimately, the chapter findings suggest that religion was a motivator of the educational advancement for the Black educational advocates and churches, whereas for the White Christian community Black education was informed by deficit-based perspectives. The author of this chapter suggest that Black Christian Education can serve as a useful educational alternative especially if it embraces a social justice orientation to empower Black students.

НАУЧНЫЕ БЕСЕДЫ ОБ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ПРОФЕССИИ ФАРМАЦЕВТА, ОСНОВНОЙ РОЛИ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯХ, ПРОБЛЕМАХ, АСПЕКТАХ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВАХ ПРОДВИЖЕНИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В КОНТЕКСТЕ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ НА МЕСТНОМ И ГЛОБАЛЬНОМ УРОВНЕВ XXI ВЕКЕ / SCIENTIFIC TALKS OF THE FEATURES OF THE PHARMACIST’ PROFESSION, ESSENTIAL ROLE, ACHIEVEMENTS, PROBLEMS, ASPECTS AND HIGHER PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT ISSUE PERSPECTIVES IN THE CONTEXT OF PATIENTS SAFETY LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY IN XXI CENTURY

Основная цель исследования – проанализировать особенности профессии фармацевта, ее существенную роль, достижения, проблемы, аспекты и перспективы развития высшего фармацевтического образования в контексте безопасности пациентов на местном и глобальном уровнях в XXI веке. Исследование представляло собой количественное исследование и анализ специфики особенностей профессии фармацевта, существенной роли, достижений, проблем, аспектов и перспектив развития высшего фармацевтического образования в контексте безопасности пациентов в XXI веке в Грузии с использованием анкет. Были проведены анкетные исследования. В исследовании использовался метод глубинного интервьюирования респондентов. Было использовано 7 типов утвержденных анкет (респонденты были отобраны случайным образом): Анкета для главных фармацевтов: в исследовании приняли участие 410 главных фармацевтов. Анкета для пациентов: в исследовании приняли участие 1506 пациентов. Анкета для трудоустроенного студента фармацевтического факультета: в исследовании приняли участие 222 трудоустроенных студента фармацевтического факультета. Анкета для специалистов здравоохранения: в исследовании приняли участие 307 специалистов в области общественного здравоохранения. Анкета для фармацевта-специалиста, в исследовании приняли участие 810 фармацевтов-специалистов. Были использованы методы систематического, социологического (анкетирование, анкетирование), сравнительного, математико-статистического, графического анализа. Данные обрабатывались и анализировались с помощью программы SPSS. Были проведены описательная статистика и регрессионный анализ для выявления связи между переменными. Статистический анализ проводился в SPSS версии 11.0. Для оценки статистической значимости и различий применялся критерий хи-квадрат. Мы определили p <0,05 как значимое для всех анализов. / The main objective of the study was to analyze the features of the pharmacist’ profession, essential role, achievements, problems, aspects and higher pharmaceutical educational advancement issue perspectives in the context of patients safety locally and globally in XXI century. The study was a quantitative investigation and analysis of the specificites of the features of the pharmacist’ profession, essential role, achievements, problems, aspects and higher pharmaceutical educational advancement issue perspectives in the context of patients safety in XXI century in Georgia by using questionnaires. Were conducted a survey study. The in-depth interview method of the respondents was used in the study. The 7 types of approved question-naires were used (Respondents were randomly selected): Questionnaire for chief pharmacists: 410 chief-pharmacists participated in the study. Questionnaire for patients: 1506 patients participated in the study. Questionnaire for the employed pharmacy faculty-student: 222 employed pharmacy faculty students participated in the study. Questionnaire for health care specialists: 307 public health specialists participated in the study. Questionnaire for pharmacist specialist, 810 pharmacist specialists participated in the study. Were used methods of systematic, socio-logical (surveying, questioning), comparative, mathematical-statistical, graphical analysis. The data were processed and analyzed with the SPSS program. Were conducted descriptive statistics and regression analyses to detect an association between variables. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 11.0. A Chisquare test was applied to estimate the statistical significance and differences. We defined p< 0.05 as significant for all analyses.