World Health Organization

1953 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-280
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Technical Assistance Program ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Technical Aid

The Executive Board of the World Health Organization held its eleventh session in Geneva, January 12–February 4, 1953, and nominated Dr. G. M. Candau of Brazil to succeed Dr. Brock Chisholm as Director-General when the latter's term expired in July; final action on the appointment of a new Director-General, as well as on other board recommendations, was to be taken by the WHO Assembly at the session scheduled to open on May 5. In connection with the participation of WHO in the United Nations technical assistance program, the board considered the effects of possible cuts in WHO's share of available funds. The Chairman (Jafar) noted that “health has been given a ‘back number’ in the sphere of socio-economic development”. He noted that total technical aid funds committed by WHO for the current year totaled nearly $10 million; to inform participating governments and organizations that WHO could no longer meet its commitments, Mr. Jafar continued, “will mean a reversal of policy which has encouraged national governments a great deal so far”. Other points emphasized by the board were: 1) that health projects required long forward planning on the parts of WHO and the governments concerned; 2) that the technical assistance program was one of the most important developments of the century and had been received everywhere with approval; 3) that rigid priorities for health programs were impossible since each government had to determine for itself what schemes were needed to develop its own health services; 4) that continued long-term planning would be needed in order to allow the Technical Assistance Board to know what funds would be received; 5) that reduction of administrative machinery was necessary; and 6) that in 30 months of technical assistance, WHO had received about $3 million in 1951 and $5.5 million in 1952.

World Health Organization

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-724
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Technical Assistance Program ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Second World ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The Second World Health Assembly met in Rome from June 13 to July 2, 1949 under the presidency of Dr. Karl Evang (Norway) and approved the program, policies and budget of the World Health Organization for 1950. Adopted by the Assembly and subsequently approved by the Executive Board was the regular budget of $7,893,000 of the usual contributions of member governments and a supplementary budget of $9,152,520 to be raised on a voluntary basis from member governments and used not only to extend the projects covered by the regular budget but to include projects under the United Nations technical assistance program for under-developed areas. By mid-summer Yugoslavia, Ceylon, the Dominican Republic, India and the United States had indicated their willingness to make contributions to the supplementary budget.

World Health Organization

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-674
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Director General ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
Health Organization

The thirteenth session of the Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) was held in Geneva, from May 3 to 20, 1960. In his inaugural address, the President of the Assembly, Dr. H. B. Turbott, spoke of the ground gained by the idea of world health since the early days of WHO, of the new and growing challenges with which the Assembly would have to deal in discussing the 1961 program—such as the control of pestilential diseases, protection against radiation hazards, the evaluation of live poliomyelitis vaccine, extended nutrition programs, and the world shortage of competent health personnel—and of the problems of particular concern to the more developed countries, such as heart, cancer, and mental illness. Dr. Turbott also described the integration of preventive and curative services as one field to which WHO should devote more attention. The Director-General, presenting his report on the work of WHO during 1959, stressed the urgency of the world-wide malaria eradication campaign, pointing out that malaria was the most important single obstacle to the development of the economic and social potentials of the underdeveloped areas of the world. The year 1959, he continued, had witnessed intensified research activities by the Organization, an increase in experts trained under WHO's fellowship program, and improved coordination between inter-country and inter-regional projects, but the problem of the resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides remained an obstacle to malaria eradication, and the question of funds for international technical assistance was still unsolved. In concluding, the Director-General predicted diat, at die present rate of progress, malaria could be eradicated, at least from Europe, the Americas, North Africa, and large parts of Asia, within perhaps the next ten years.

World Health Organization

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-273
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Program Analysis ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization

At its thirteenth session, which was held in Geneva from January 12 to February 2, 1954, the Executive Board of the World Health Organization had some 80 items on its agenda. It examined a) reports on the work of expert and special committees concerned with such subjects as malaria, poliomyelitis, rabies, drugs liable to produce addiction, bioligical standardization, environmental sanitation, alcohol, public-health administration, rheumatic diseases, quarantine measures, and yellow fever; b) progress being made in a number of projects, such as a campaign against smallpox, the selection of international non-proprietary names for drugs, standardization of laboratory tests of foods, and a study on international medical law; and c) a variety of administrative and financial matters, including the Director-General's proposed program and budget estimates for 1955, the scale of assessments for member countries, and the revision of the staff rules proposed by the Director-General. Decisions taken by the Board included a recommendation that the seventh World Health Assembly request the Board at its fifteenth session to continue the study of program analysis and evaluation and report to the eighth Assembly, concurrence in certain transfers proposed by the Director-General between sections of the 1954 appropriation resolution of the sixth Assembly, and recommendations as to the procedure for considering the 1955 program and budget estimates at the seventh Assembly. Noting that the financial problems facing WHO in implementing the 1954 program arose because the known amount of technical assistance funds to be made available to the organization in 1954 fell substantially short of amounts expected and was inadequate to meet the minimum requirements, the Board authorized the Director-General to: continue all projects and activities then in operation, implement those projects not yet started where the government concerned had proceeded to the extent that funds spent or set aside would be lost if the project did not go forward or where the project was an essential element of a program planned in stages which had been agreed with WHO and the government concerned, defer starting new activities wherever possible, and report to the seventh Assembly on further developments.

World Health Organization

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-398
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Seventh World

The Seventh World Health Assembly met in Geneva from May 4 to 21, 1954, and elected Dr. J. N. Togba (Liberia) as its president. The Director-General of the World Health Organization (Candau) in presenting his report on the work of WHO in 1953, emphasized the “prolonged and extremely grave” financial difficulties of the organization, and noted the adverse effect that curtailment of WHO projects was likely to have on the confidence of member governments in WHO. If WHO were to continue a favorable course of development along lines of more long-term projects, Dr. Candau stated, a more stable financial arrangement would have to be made. The Assembly commended the Director-General for the work performed, approved the manner in which the activities of WHO were carried forward in 1953, and commended the Executive Board for the work it had performed.

scholarly journals Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales among elderly residents in long-term care facilities with joint contractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-chang Chen ◽  
Keh-chung Lin ◽  
Chen-Jung Chen ◽  
Shu-Hui Yeh ◽  
Ay-Woan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
World Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Joint Contractures ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Joint contractures, which affect activity, participation, and quality of life, are common complications of neurological conditions among elderly residents in long-term care facilities. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales in a population with joint contractures. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. The sample included elderly residents older than 64 years with joint contractures in an important joint who had lived at one of 12 long-term care facilities in Taiwan for more than 6 months (N = 243). The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales for joint contractures was generated from the English version through five stages: translation, review, back-translation, review by a panel of specialists, and a pretest. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were evaluated, and the results were compared with those for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Results The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales had excellent reliability, with a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.975 (mean score, 28.98; standard deviation, 17.34). An exploratory factor analysis showed three factors and one factor with an eigenvalue > 1 that explained 75.176 and 62.83 % of the total variance in the Activity subscale and Participation subscale, respectively. The subscale-to-total scale correlation analysis showed Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.881 for the Activity subscale and 0.843 for the Participation subscale. Pearson’s product-moment correlation revealed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule was 0.770, whereas that for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale was − 0.553; these values were interpreted as large coefficients. Conclusions The underlying theoretical model of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales functions well in Taiwan and has acceptable levels of reliability and validity. However, the Chinese version must be further tested for applicability and generalizability in future studies, preferably with a larger sample and in different clinical domains.

scholarly journals World Health Organization Sub-Types, Initial Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Study of Unselected Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Shanghai: An Analysis of 623 Cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ma ◽  
X Wang ◽  
X Xu ◽  
G Lin
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Acute Myeloid

This study investigated the complete remission (CR) rate and survival of 623 newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in Shanghai, China, classified according to World Health Organization and French–American–British criteria, and compared the differences in treatment effect with those reported in developed countries and those reported in Shanghai from 1984 to 1994. Total CR rate was 66.5%, median survival was 18 months and estimated survival at 3 years was 30.8%. The 3-year relapse rate was 55.1%. These data showed that the CR rate was similar to that achieved in studies from developed countries, but long-term survival was worse. The CR rate and survival were increased markedly compared with data previously collected in Shanghai (1984-1994). Induction chemotherapeutic regimens based on idarubicin, daunorubicin or homoharringtonine all had similar CR rates and survivals. Karyotype was the most important prognostic factor. Multilineage dysplasia in de novo AML was not an independent prognostic factor. Improvement in the long-term treatment effect in China is an important challenge for the future.

scholarly journals Scientific Certainty in a Time of Uncertainty: Predicting Vulnerability of Canada's First Nations to Pandemic H1N1/09

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Spence ◽  
Jerry P. White
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On June 11, 2009, the Director General of the World Health Organization, Dr. Margaret Chan, announced that the scientific evidence indicated that the criteria for an influenza pandemic had been met: pandemic H1N1/09 virus, the first in nearly 40 years, was officially upon us. The World Health Organization has estimated that as many as 2 billion or between 15 and 45 percent of the population globally will be infected by the H1N1/09 virus. Scientists and governments have been careful to walk a line between causing mass public fear and ensuring people take the risks seriously. The latest information indicates that the majority of individuals infected with the H1N1/09 virus thus far have suffered mild illness, although very severe and fatal illness have been observed in a small number of cases, even in young and healthy people (World Health Organization 2009c). There is no evidence to date that the virus has mutated to a more virulent or lethal form; however, as we enter the second wave of the pandemic, a significant number of people in countries across the world are susceptible to infection. Most importantly, certain subgroups have been categorized as high risk given the clinical evidence to date. One of these subgroups is Indigenous populations (World Health Organization 2009c).

Developing Medicines in Line with Global Public Health Needs: The Role of the World Health Organization

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIKKI PANG
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

“I want my leadership to be judged by the impact of our work on the health of two populations: women and the people of Africa.” This is how Dr. Margaret Chan, the current Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), described her leadership mission. The reason behind this mission is evident. Women and girls constitute 70% of the world’s poor and 80% of the world’s refugees. Gender violence against women aged 15–44 is responsible for more deaths and disability than cancer, malaria, traffic accidents, and war. An estimated 350,000 to 500,000 women still die in childbirth every year. The negative health implications of absolute poverty are worst in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Hence, Chan aims to have the biggest impact on the world’s poorest people.

The Reaction to the Ebola Epidemic within the United Nations Framework: What Next for the World Health Organization?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-424
Author(s):  
Pia Acconci
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Security Council ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (who) was established in 1946 as a specialized agency of the United Nations (un). Since its establishment, the who has managed outbreaks of infectious diseases from a regulatory, as well as an operational perspective. The adoption of the International Health Regulations (ihrs) has been an important achievement from the former perspective. When the Ebola epidemic intensified in 2014, the who Director General issued temporary recommendations under the ihrs in order to reduce the spread of the disease and minimize cross-border barriers to international trade. The un Secretary General and then the Security Council and the General Assembly have also taken action against the Ebola epidemic. In particular, the Security Council adopted a resolution under Chapter vii of the un Charter, and thus connected the maintenance of the international peace and security to the health and social emergency. After dealing with the role of the who as a guide and coordinator of the reaction to epidemics, this article shows how the action by the Security Council against the Ebola epidemic impacts on the who ‘authority’ for the protection of health.

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