International Labour Organization

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-277
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
International Labor ◽  
High Level

The fifth session of the Metal Trades Committee of the International Labor Organization (ILO) was held in Geneva from October 25 to November 5, 1954, under the chairmanship of Mr. E. C. Puig (Mexico). Representatives of 20 countries and the United Nations, as well as observers from a number of non-governmental organizations, attended the session, at which the following three agenda items were considered: 1) a general report, dealing with steps taken by various countries and the ILO Office in the light of actions of previous sessions of the Committee and recent events and developments in the metal trades; 2) regularization of production and employment at a high level in the metal trades; and 3) methods of labor-management cooperation in metal-working plants. In the matter of labor-management relations, the Committee adopted, by 91 votes to 11, a memorandum concerning practical methods of labor-management cooperation, intended as a guide to employers and workers, which outlined matters suitable for joint consultation and suggested some guiding organizational principles and methods of cooperation. In the memorandum on the regularization of production and employment, adopted by the Committee by 71 votes to 33 with 3 abstentions, the general principles set forth were that 1) the proper goals of social, political and economic policy were to achieve full employment and to ensure steady progress towards higher living standards, 2) the benefits of higher productivity in the metal trades should be distributed equally among labor, capital and consumers, 3) sharp economic crises resulting in widespread unemployment were avoidable through appropriate action, and 4) sustained full employment could be built only on a solid foundation of adequate consumer purchasing power, of steadily rising living standards, of greater economic stability, especially for the lower-income groups, and of rapid economic development of under-developed countries.

International Labor Organization

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Council Decision ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Forced Labour

The ad hoc Committee on Forced Labor which was established jointly by the United Nations and the International Labor Organization, pursuant to an Economic and Social Council decision of March 1951,1 held its first session in Geneva from October 8 to 27, 1951.3 The committee, composed of Sir Ramaswami Mudaliar (India, chairman), Paal Berg (Norway) and F. F. Palavicini (Mexico), issued an invitation to all non-governmental organizations to supply it with documentary material and information. The committee reported that it would have to investigate “all the laws and regulations of the various states which might illustrate the different systems of forced labour employed in those States”, adding that it might also have to investigate existing administrative practices which enable forced labor to be put into effect. At its next session, scheduled to be held at New York from May 26 to July 3, 1952, the committee was to examine the replies of governments to its questionnaire, as well as hear and question the representatives of interested non-governmental organizations.

Economic and Social Council

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Social Council ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Executive Secretary ◽  
Health Organization

Economic Commission for Europe: The Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) held its twelfth (tenth anniversary) session in Geneva from April 29 to May 15, 1957 under the chairmanship of Dr. Oskar Lange. In addition to governmental representatives, the following intergovernmental or non-governmental organizations participated: the International Labor Organization(ILO), the International Monetary Fund, the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. The Executive Secretary of the Commission, Mr. Gunnar Myrdal, whose resignation was announced April 1, 1957, and who was to be succeeded by Mr. Sakari S. Tuomioja of Finland, gave the opening speech in which he voiced concern over the political split in Europe, urging, however, that there still existed a broad opportunity for constructive efforts toward international cooperation.

International Labor Organization

1953 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
International Labor

In his report to the 36th session of the International Labor Conference the Director-General (Morse) selected the problem of productivity as a special theme for emphasis and debate. Mr. Morse wrote that since 1950 the need for higher productivity had become steadily more apparent, that a great deal of the work of the International Labor Organization had always impinged on the problem of productivity, and that during the last four years he had increasingly stressed the need to extend and intensify ILO's work on this problem. He urged the delegates to the conference to do what they could “to secure a wide-spread comprehension and acceptance of the need for higher productivity and of the ways in which it can be achieved.” Three main ways in which the resources needed to raise the living standards of the less well-to-do section of the community might be made available were: 1) a larger proportion of total output of wealth might be distributed to wages and social services at the expense of recipients of other income; 2) where there was less than full employment, an increase in wealth could be achieved by bringing all available resources into employment; and 3) total output might be increased by securing a larger output per unit of resources already in employment. Mr. Morse believed that the most essential conditions under which higher productivity would yield an increase in welfare were: a) that there should be the fullest possible consultation and cooperation between employers and workers in the application of measures to raise productivity, b) that the benefits of higher productivity should be fairly distributed, c) that effective action should be taken to ensure that higher productivity did not lead to unemployment, and d) that higher productivity should be sought by means which only required of workers a working speed and intensity which they could maintain without increased fatigue, strain, or risk to health or safety.

scholarly journals Challenges of Automobile Technology in Entrepreneurship Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Segun Okuta ◽  
Josephine Musa Dawha
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Automobile Technology

The desire of Federal Government of Nigeria and the world over is the building of a better world in the 21st century, where the economy of the nations would be seen to have developed by quality of high level manpower produced by higher institutions of learning. Therefore, educators of tertiary institutions must prepare for entrepreneurial training that will richly transform the economy. In discussing the challenges of Automobile Technology in entrepreneurship development, the paper examines the concept of entrepreneurship development, the roles of government and non-governmental organizations, challenges of Automobile Technology in entrepreneurship development such as lack of practical based curriculum and inadequate funding. The paper also offers suggestion that curriculum should be frequently reviewed and adequate funding be provided.

scholarly journals Biodiversity trends in Europe: development and testing of a species trend indicator for evaluating progress towards the 2010 target

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1454) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
M de Heer ◽  
V Kapos ◽  
B.J.E ten Brink
Keyword(s):  
Population Declines ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Species Population ◽  
2010 Target ◽  
Biogeographical Region ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Existing Data

This paper presents a trial of a species population trend indicator for evaluating progress towards the 2010 biodiversity target in Europe, using existing data. The indicator integrates trends on different species (groups), and can be aggregated across habitats and countries. Thus, the indicator can deliver both headline messages for high-level decision-making and detailed information for in-depth analysis, using data from different sources, collected with different methods. International non-governmental organizations mobilized data on over 2800 historical trends in national populations of birds, butterflies and mammals, for a total of 273 species. These were combined by habitat and biogeographical region to generate a pilot pan-European scale indicator. The trial indicator suggests a decline of species populations in nearly all habitats, the largest being in farmland, where species populations declined by an average of 23% between 1970 and 2000. The indicator is potentially useful for monitoring progress towards 2010 biodiversity targets, but constraints include: the limited sensitivity of the historical data, which leads to conservative estimates of species decline; a potential danger of ambiguity because increases in opportunistic species can mask the loss of other species; and failure to account for pre-1970 population declines. We recommend mobilizing additional existing data, particularly for plants and fishes, and elaborating further the criteria for compiling representative sets of species. For a frequent, reliable update of the indicator, sound, sensitive and harmonized biodiversity monitoring programmes are needed in all pan-European countries.

The Relevance of Stakeholders in an International Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Jaime Guerrero-Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
International Context ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
High Level ◽  
Point Of Reference

The study of the stakeholders is key to a firm's survival and success. This chapter serves as a point of reference for managers by providing a better understanding of stakeholder theory and of the different groups of stakeholders. Additionally, the chapter analyzes the international scenario characterized by globalization and a high level of competitiveness in order to understand the role played by specific stakeholders such as shareholders, employees, governments, and non-governmental organizations. After reading this chapter, readers should be able to understand the basic principles of stakeholder theory; to identify the different groups of stakeholders, analyzing the role that they play in the firm; to understand the motives which push firms to operate internationally and the different methods that they can use to carry this out; and to reflect on the key stakeholders in an international context.

Multi-Level Governance: Explaining the “climate-focused” behavior of Chinese exporting companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Multi Level

While being increasingly aware of the importance of adopting climate-friendly business strategies, Chinese exporting companies have been active in taking “climate-related” actions but moderate in taking “climate-focused” actions. This article presents a preliminary attempt to apply Multi-Level Governance theories to explain the behavior of Chinese exporting companies toward climate change mitigation. It argues that the convergence of state-centered climate politics and market-oriented climate governance, which has a multi-level feature, has shaped the “climate-focused” behavior of Chinese exporting companies. Specifically, nation-states, multinational enterprises, and non-governmental organizations have contributed in the following ways: (1) at the global level, nation-states co-established and interpreted international norms, which generally justify the stance of the Chinese government, have been an indirect source of influence; (2) at the national level, the Chinese government has been the most influential actor, which has put emphasis on energy-saving when interpreting and operationalizing international norms; (3) at the industrial level, multinational enterprises and international non-governmental organizations have been influential contributors by playing a proactive role in launching and running low-carbon initiatives; and (4) transnational public–private partnerships launched in China and some developed countries have offered limited momentum.

scholarly journals HIV/TB co-infection and availability of health services in relation to socio-economic status

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Bhim Bahadur Subba ◽  
Nirmal Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

  The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic disproportionate affects especially less developed countries and underprivileged communities. HIV weakens immune system of infected individuals and making them more susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Both HIV and TB disease are supposed to fuel each other socially and biologically and it is further fuelled by such as poor accessibility to services, illiteracy, stigma and discrimination all these factors have pushed Nepal into more vulnerability. This article aimed to find out the availability and accessibility to the HIV/TB services in relation to socio-economic status of respondents. A cross sectional study was conducted at four HIV care and prevention centers of different non-governmental organizations (NGOs) of Nepal. In the study, 51 samples were selected using random sampling procedures who gave consent to the interview. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Confidentiality was highly maintained and data were analyzed. The result showed mean age of respondents’ was 36.38 years. The pre-dominant 96.1 percent of respondents were from 18-54 years of age. Respondents from all socio-economic status almost two-third indented to use government hospital than private HIV/TB services. The majority 98.0 percent of HIV infected respondents belonged to destitute to better off economic status and they were further disadvantaged by lack of knowledge and information of HIV/TB services such cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and viral load service.

International Labor Organization

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-602
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Wage Increases

The primary emphasis of the report of the Director-General of the International Labor Organization to the thirty-fourth session of the Conference was the issue of wage policy in conditions of full employment. The Conference debate on this question, stimulated by the report Mr. Morse hoped, would help ILO member countries to arrive at wage-price policies “designed to promote the best interests both of workers and of the community as a whole, in conditions of full employment and scarcity of labor.” The problem of wage determination had been receiving renewed public attention, mainly owing to the desire to include restraint of wage increases in a program designed to minimize the possible inflationary effects of full employment, economic development and rearmament. There existed also a belief that adjustments in the wage structures of most countries were needed to provide increased incentives for workers to acquire skill, to work harder and to man the essential industries where labor was particularly scarce.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document