scholarly journals The French Socialists and Anticlericalism: The Position of Edouard Vaillant and the Parti Socialiste Revolutionnaire

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolyon Howorth
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
Paris Commune ◽  
Socialist Movement ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Great War

Of all the political and ideological debates which confronted the French Socialist movement between the Paris Commune and the Great War, the problem of anticlericalism was one of the most complex. The concept of anticlericalism gives rise to a certain degree of confusion, partly because of the fact that it was a war-horse ridden jointly by the radical republicans and by the Socialists. The simplest definition of anticlericalism is that offered by the dictionary of Robert: “opposition à toute immixtion du clergé dans la politique”.

Fighting for the Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-42
Author(s):  
Dónal Hassett
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This chapter explores the history of military service in Algeria and across the colonial world before and during the Great War. It introduces the reader to key concepts from the fields of colonial history and First World War studies that are crucial to understanding the political legacies of the entanglement of the colonies and, especially, Algeria with the Great War. Taking a comparative approach, it explains the range of legal categories that underpinned colonial rule within the different empires and considers how the rights and responsibilities they implied were connected to and altered by military service. The chapter also examines the variety of attitudes toward the use of colonial soldiers in the different imperial polities and asks how these influenced the expectations of post-war reform in the colonies.

Partisans and Poets: The Political Work of American Poetry in the Great War

1998 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Caren Irr ◽  
Mark W. Van Wienen
Keyword(s):  
American Poetry ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
Political Work ◽  
The Great War

Redemptive Violence on the Eve of the Great War

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-161
Author(s):  
Kevin Duong
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This chapter studies how an image of irrationalist redemptive violence saturated French intellectual culture on the eve of the First World War. It links the proliferation of that image of violence to the popularity of Henri Bergson. It draws attention to the way his philosophy was adapted into a political theory of decadence and degeneration across the political spectrum after 1900. The chapter highlights the writing of Georges Sorel because a conceptual reconstruction of his Reflections on Violence dramatizes how so many French thinkers could link voluntaristic violence with moral regeneration. It concludes by describing the nationalistic fate of Sorel’s argument as it travelled in and beyond France.

How to Mobilize the Polish Nation

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-58
Author(s):  
Jochen Böhler
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Political Left ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Organic Change

Chapter 2 highlights the fragmentation within Polish society in partition times, during the Great War, and in its after-battles. While the political left prior to 1914 prepared for armed struggle, the right preferred a tactic of “organic change.” During the Great War, genuine Polish military formations became the incarnation of Polish independence. But they formed on opposing sides of the frontline, and were, in terms of numbers, insignificant, while most Polish soldiers served as cannon fodder in the ranks of the imperial armies. Following independence in late 1918, most peasants—80 percent of the Polish-speaking population in Central Europe—mistrusted the “national project” and did not follow the call to arms voluntarily. The Polish Army from the start had to struggle with a serious shortage of soldiers, armament, and provisions. A functioning united national army and chain of command needed years to materialize.

IX. The Seventh Dominion

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Rose
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
Zionist Movement ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Seal Of Approval

As a result of the Great War, the Zionist movement came of age. For the first time since its inception as a political organization, Zionism gained a backer of international and worldwide repute. The political charter which Herzl had hawked around the chancelleries of Europe found its consummation in the Balfour Declaration. The British Empire, in its moment of supreme crisis, stamped its seal of approval on the concept of a Jewish National Home in Palestine.

A Party Built on Bigotry Alone? The Scottish Board of Dissenters and Edinburgh Liberalism, 1834–56

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Ryan Mallon
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
John Brown ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Central Board ◽  
Scottish Politics

By assessing the Central Board of Dissenters, arguably the most influential liberal-voluntary group of the mid-nineteenth century and the political wing of Scottish dissent, this article questions whether the Liberal party in Edinburgh was indeed built on ‘bigotry alone’, and asks whether the groups that would later form the backbone of Scottish Liberalism until the Great War were, as John Brown claimed, the enemies of all oppressions and monopolies, or simply the products of sectarian strife. The Central Board of Dissenters acted as the conduit for ecclesiastical and political organisation for Edinburgh's radical voluntaries during the bitter conflict of the pre-Disruption period, and utilised this organisational strength after 1843 to create a pan-dissenting alliance based on the anti-Maynooth campaign. Despite their foundations in the intra-Presbyterian strife of Victorian Scotland, the electoral successes of this period created a base both in Edinburgh and across Scotland for a Liberal party, once it threw off the ideological shackles of these denominational struggles, which would dominate Scottish politics until the Great War.

"Fascismo garibaldino" e garibaldinismo antifascista. La camicia rossa tra le due guerre di

2009 ◽  
pp. 113-136
Author(s):  
Eva Cecchinato
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Dimension ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Great War

- The essay analyzes the recoveries of the garibaldian tradition in the period among the two world wars. The levels are manifold: the political dimension and the generational aspects, the family genealogies of the garibaldinism and the imaginary genealogies, sometimes interwoven and contrasted. Particular attention has been therefore reserved to the pages of "Camicia rossa", in which take form the perspectives and the claims of the "garibaldian fascism", but some contrasts also manifest themselves among the public use of the history promoted by the regime and the position of Ezio Garibaldi. On the long period the antifascist declination of the garibaldian tradition has in the French context its ground of fundamental development. The diplomatic relationships between Italy and France constitute the background to the dynamics in which the refugees try to create or to preserve a social and political role. The political emigration doesn't give up at all valorizing the patrimony of the Risorgimento in antifascist key. In the environment and on the pages of "Giustizia e Libertŕ" the dispute on the Risorgimento is faced in more systematic way. The recoveries of the garibaldian tradition - fascists and antifascists - concern a fundamental historical knot: the inheritance of the Great War and the choice of the Italian volunteers of the 1914. Recovering a constitutive and native aspect of the camicia rossa, the stories of the garibaldinism in this phase have therefore an international dimension and they are subscribed in a triangular perimeter that has Italy, France and Spain as vertexes.

From “notable Syrians” to “ordinary Anatolians”: the politics of “normalization” and the experience of exile during World War I

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
M. Talha Çiçek
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great War

Abstract This article examines an important attempt at the political engineering undertaken in Syria during the Great War. It focuses on the experience of the Arabs exiled to Anatolia by Cemal Pasha to redesign Syrian society in line with the Committee of Union and Progress’ idea of empire, which imagined an authoritarian regime. The members of the Arabist parties were removed from Syria to eliminate their contemporaneous and future resistance to the emerging despotic regime. The article sets out to analyze what the exiles experienced in Anatolia using their memoirs in Arabic and the Ottoman documents describing their conditions in Anatolia, and to what extent the aims could be realized. It argues that the purpose was to put a politics of “normalization” into practice by depoliticizing the Arab notable families through “relocation” to Anatolia, although the resistance of the exiles and varying attitudes in Ottoman bureaucracy significantly differentiated outcomes. It also uncovers many untold stories with regard to the daily life of the exiles and adds much to our knowledge on the experience of Arab exiles in Anatolia. It is the first serious examination of the experiences of the Arab exiles using their own texts and narrative.

scholarly journals Slang in soldiers’ songs of the Great War

Linguistica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Łukasz Szkopiński
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Great War ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
World War ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

During the First World War songs played an extremely important role not only for the morale of the soldiers and as a means of political propaganda, but above all as a source of opinion and distraction. The aim of this article is firstly to present some examples of songs from the Great War, to highlight some of their dominant themes and to analyse their linguistic content with a special emphasis on the use of slang. The next part of the article focuses on the definition of the “argot des poilus”, that is the military jargon of the First World War soldiers, and on its role in the analysed texts. Several books and dictionaries devoted to this subject were published between 1915 and 1919, a time when everything concerning the soldiers and their experiences on the front, including certain aspects of their jargon, as popularised by the songs, was of special importance to the society of that period. This contributed to an in-depth analysis of military slang and to a greater openness towards slang studies in general. The paper also examines the functions of slang and jargon in the texts in question, and shows that two main types of language transfer were possible in this context. On the one hand, through songs or the press, slang words penetrated into the language behind the frontlines, and on the other hand, there are examples of literary creations that enriched the actual military jargon itself.

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