The Natural and Probable Consequence Rule in Complicity: Section 34A of the Israeli Penal Law Part I

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ohana
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Probable Consequence ◽  
Anglo American

The rules of criminal law that govern participation in crime often include special provisions with regard to accomplice liability for the commission of collateral offenses by the principal in the course of the unlawful undertaking. While some Anglo-American jurisdictions limit accomplice liability to cases where the commission of the collateral offense is effectively contemplated by the participant, other jurisdictions, including Israel, also provide for punishment of the participant where the collateral offense is reasonably foreseeable. Accordingly, participants are held liable for crimes that are perpetrated incidentally to the commission of the projected crime, on the basis of an objective, rather than subjective, foresight standard. Whether this deviation from the prevalent paradigm of accomplice liability is justified in principle and policy constitutes the main focus of this article.

The Dual Penal State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus D. Dubber
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Penal State ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
War On Crime ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patriarchal Power

Dual Penal State: The Crisis of Criminal Law in Comparative-Historical Perspective addresses one of today’s most pressing social and political issues: the rampant, at best haphazard, and ever-expanding use of penal power by states ostensibly committed to the enlightenment-based legal-political project of Western liberal democracy. Penal regimes in these states operate in a wide field of ill-considered and little constrained violence, where radical and prolonged interference with the autonomy of the very persons upon whose autonomy the legitimacy of state power is supposed to rest has been utterly normalized. At bottom, this crisis of modern penality is a crisis of the liberal project itself; the penal paradox is merely the sharpest formulation of the general paradox of power in a liberal state: the legitimacy of state sovereignty in the name of personal autonomy. To capture the depth and range of the crisis of contemporary penality in ostensibly liberal states, Dual Penal State leaves behind customary temporal and parochial constraints, and turns to historical and comparative analysis instead. This approach reveals a fundamental distinction between two conceptions of penal power, penal law and penal police, that run through Western legal-political history, one rooted in autonomy, equality, and interpersonal respect, and the other in heteronomy, hierarchy, and patriarchal power. Dual penal state analysis illuminates how this distinction manifests itself in the history of the present of various penal systems, from the malign neglect of the American war on crime to the ahistorical self-satisfaction of German criminal law science.

Penal Law and Penal Police in the Dual Penal State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus D. Dubber
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Penal State ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Patriarchal Power ◽  
Modes Of Governance

The first part of Dual Penal State investigated various ways in which criminal law doctrine and scholarship (or “science”) have failed to address the challenge of legitimating penal power in a modern liberal democratic state. This, second, part explores an alternative approach to criminal law discourse that puts the legitimacy challenge of modern penal law front and center: critical analysis of criminal law in a dual penal state. Dual penal state analysis differentiates between penal law and penal police, two conceptions of penal power, and state power more generally, rooted in autonomy, equality, and interpersonal respect, on one hand, and in heteronomy, hierarchy, and patriarchal power, on the other. Chapter 4 applies the distinction between law and police as fundamental modes of governance set out in Chapter 3 to the penal realm and explores the tension between penal law and penal police as constituting the dual penal state.

From the harm principle to harm decisionism: Hart, Feinberg, and the eclipse of Millian ambiguity

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-211
Author(s):  
Bernard E. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Harm Principle ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Harm Principle

This simple sentence from John Stuart Mill’s “Introductory” to On Liberty—pulled out of context and denuded of Mill’s sophisticated philosophical treatment—became a foundational reference of Anglo-American criminal law and helped shape the course of penal legislation, enforcement, and theory during the twenteith century.

scholarly journals The Rise of Spanish and Latin American Criminal Theory

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-383
Author(s):  
Luis E. Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
General Structure ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Sanction ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Vast Range

As the contributions to this two-part special issue demonstrate, Spanish and Latin American criminal theory has attained a remarkable degree of sophistication. Regrettably, Anglo-American scholars have had limited access to this rich body of literature. With this volume, the New Criminal Law Review has taken a very important first step toward rectifying this situation. Although the articles written for this special issue cover a vast range of subjects, they can be divided into four main categories: (1) the legitimacy of the criminal sanction, (2) the punishability of omissions, (3) the challenges that international criminal law and the fight against terrorism pose to criminal theory, and (4) the theory of justification and excuse. The articles pertaining to the first two categories will appear in the first half of this special issue (Volume 11, Number 3) and the pieces belonging to the third and fourth categories will be published in the upcoming second half (Volume 11, Number 4). In accordance with this general structure, in the pages that follow I will provide a brief summary and critique of the pieces contained in both parts.

scholarly journals URGENSI PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM KASUS KEJAHATAN KESUSILAAN: KAJIAN TENTANG SANKSI PIDANA BAGI PELAKU KEJAHATAN KESUSILAAN PADA ANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Subaidah Ratna Juita
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
Penal Law

<p>Penjatuhan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku kejahatan kesusilaan pada anak di Indonesia belum seimbang dengan dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Adapun anak sebagai korban dari kejahatan kesusilaan tentu mengalami trauma yang berkepanjangan hingga dewasa bahkan seumur hidupnya. Salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh dalam menghadapi problematika penegakan hukum adalah dengan cara pembenahan sistem hukum. Oleh karna itu perlu adanya pembaharuan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku kejahatan kesusilaan sebagai bagian dari sistem hukum. Pembaharuan ini perlu dilakukan karena sanksi pidana yang ada saat ini tidak memberikan efek jera bagi pelaku. Upaya pembaruan hukum pidana yang berkaitan dengan sanksi pidana dalam kasus kejahatan kesusilaan pada anak dapat ditelusuri berdasarkan perumusan sanksi pidana berdasarkan KUHP, UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang perubahan pertama atas UU Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, dan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) No. 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Dengan demikian tulisan ini secara fokus mengkaji urgensi pembaharuan hukum pidana, khususnya hukum pidana materiil tentang sanksi pidana bagi pelaku kejahatan seksual dalam rangka untuk memberikan perlindungan pada anak korban kejahatan seksual.</p><p><em>The imposition of criminal sanctions against the perpetrators of morality in children in Indonesia has not been balanced by its impact. As for the child as a victim of crime decency certainly traumatized prolonged until adulthood even a lifetime. One effort that can be taken in dealing with the problem of law enforcement is to reform the legal system. By because it is necessary to reform criminal sanctions for the perpetrators of decency as part of the legal system. These reforms need to be done because there is a criminal sanction which does not currently provide a deterrent effect on perpetrators. Efforts to reform the criminal law relating to criminal sanctions in cases of crimes of morality in children can be traced by the formulation of criminal sanctions under the penal law, Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection, Law No. 35 of 2014 on the First Amendment of Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection, and Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perppu) Number 1 Year 2016 Concerning Second Amendment Act No. 23 of 2002 about Child Protection. So this paper examines the urgency updates operating focus criminal law, especially criminal law substantive about criminal sanctions for dader of sexual crimes in order to provide protection for child victims of sexual crimes.</em></p><p> </p>

Boundaries of Criminal Liability: Participation in Crime, Preparatory Offences and Omissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-408
Author(s):  
Miriam Gur-Arye
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Anglo American

The book Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice: Anglo-German Dialogues is the first volume of an Anglo-German project which aims ‘to explore the foundational principles and concepts that underpin the different domestic systems and local rules’. It offers comparative perspectives on German and Anglo-American criminal law and criminal justice as ‘examples of the civil law and the common law worlds’. The comparisons ‘dig beneath the superficial similarities or differences between legal rules to identify and compare the underlying concepts, values, principles, and structures of thought’. The review essay focuses on the topics of omissions, preparatory offences, and participation in crime, all of which extend the typical criminal liability. It presents the comparative German and Anglo-American perspectives discussed in the book with regard to each topic and adds the perspective of Israeli criminal law. It points out the features common to all these topics as an extension of criminal liability and discusses the underlying considerations that justify the criminalisation of omissions, preparatory offences, and participation in crime. In evaluating whether extending criminal liability in these contexts is justified, the review essay suggests reliance on two main notions: that of ‘control over the commission of the offence’ and that of ‘liberty (or personal freedom)’.

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