Some Aspects of the Sudan Law of Homicide

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Amin M. Medani

The Sudan Penal Code (henceforth abbreviated as S.P.C.) was, with minor modifications, copied in 1899 from the Indian Penal Code (henceforth abbreviated as I.P.C.), which in its turn was to some extent based on 19th-century English criminal law. Since its enactment, the S.P.C. has been revised and re-enacted once in 1925, but no significant changes were then effected. Law makers in the Sudan are at present engaged in the revision and reformulation of the laws of the country in an attempt to bring them into line with the modern needs of a changing society. It is the feeling of the present writer that the field of criminal law warrants the least intervention or modification because the S.P.C has, in its 75 years of existence, been largely satisfactorily interpreted and applied, resulting in what could legitimately be called the criminal law of the Sudan. This, however, is by no means tantamount to saying that the Code is satisfactory in all aspects and that there is no room for improvement. At any rate, it is not intended to discuss in this article what possible changes should be brought about in the Code as a whole, a task which would evidently need much more time and space. It is merely hoped to discuss critically some aspects of the law of homicide as laid down in the Code (and applied by the courts). In so doing it is hoped to show that in some respects the Sudanese law of homicide calls for modification of some of the provisions, while other provisions of the Code are so satisfactory that they may contribute to the resolution of problems faced by other legal systems.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Halpérin

<p><strong>RESUMÉ:</strong></p><p>La réflexion sur la diversité des approches méthodologiques en droit comparé n’a guère porté, au cours de ces dernières décennies, sur le droit pénal. Cette relative lacune de la littérature tient à une conception d’un droit pénal universel qui connaîtrait seulement quelques variations dans la sévérité plus ou moins grande de la répression. Il apparaît pourtant utile pour les comparatistes d’identifier de manière historique les développements de la discipline du droit pénal et de considérer que le champ pénal n’est pas identique à lui-même à travers le temps et l’espace. Cette contribution s’attache à montrer comment la spécialisation des pénalistes, à partir du XIXe siècle, s’est accompagnée longtemps d’une démarche comparative avant que ne s’installe une sorte de désintérêt pour la comparaison des infractions reconnues ou non par les différents ordres juridiques étatiques. Or, la prise en compte des phénomènes de criminalisation et de décriminalisation montre à quel point ces droits étatiques sont susceptibles de converger ou de diverger, en présentant des configurations beaucoup plus complexes que les traditionnelles familles de droit. En recourant à la théorie du droit, le droit pénal comparé alimente la réflexion sur la place des lois prohibitives, leur éventuelle relation avec des normes culturelles et le recours à des interdits dans des domaines qui font l’objet dans d’autres pays à des lois permissives.</p><p> </p><p><strong>RESUMO:</strong></p><p>A discussão sobre a diversidade de abordagens metodológicas em direito comparado, no decorrer das últimas décadas, pouco se debruçou sobre o direito penal. Esta lacuna se deve à uma concepção de direito penal universal que admitiria apenas variações no grau de severidade da repressão. Contudo, para os comparatistas mostra-se útil identificar historicamente o desenvolvimento da disciplina de direito penal e considerar que o campo não se mantém inalterado através do tempo e do espaço. Este trabalho visa mostrar como, a partir do século XIX, a especialização de penalistas foi acompanhada por muito tempo de uma abordagem comparativa, antes de que se instalasse um desinteresse pela comparação de infrações reconhecidas -ou não- por diferentes ordenamentos jurídicos estatais. A compreensão dos fenômenos de criminalização e descriminalização mostra até que ponto os direitos estatais são suscetíveis de convergir ou divergir, apresentando configurações muito mais complexas que as tradicionais famílias de direito. Assim, utilizando-se da teoria do direito, o direito penal comparado incita a reflexão sobre o papel das leis proibitivas, sua eventual relação com normas culturais e a possibilidade de proibições em determinadas matérias serem objetos de leis permissivas em outros países.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p>The discussion about the methodological diversity in Comparative Law has barely touched upon criminal law. This gap in the literature is due to a conception of universal Criminal Law in which only variations regarding the severity of crime’s repression would be admitted. Nonetheless, the historical study of Criminal Law along with the reflection on changes in the discipline through time and space has proven to be useful for comparatists. The aim of this study is to show how the specialization of scholars of Criminal Law, since the 19th century, had been accompanied by a comparatist approach before a pervasive disinterest in comparing infractions under different legal systems came to be the rule. The phenomena of criminalization and decriminalization reveal to what point legal systems converge or diverge in a more elaborated way than those depicted by the traditional division of legal systems. Thus, Comparative Criminal Law, using the insights from Legal Theory, stimulates reflections on the role of prohibitive laws, their relation with cultural norms, and the possibility of a prohibition being permitted elsewhere – i.e. other countries.</p><p> </p>


ICR Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Tun Abdul Hamid Mohamad

During the Moghul rule of what now constitutes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan, the courts there administered the Shariah to the exclusion of Hindu law. Islamic law gave way to English criminal law with the increase of British influence in the Indian sub-continent. Before 1860, English criminal law, as modified to suit local circumstances, was administered in the Presidency-Towns of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. The draft of the Indian Penal Code was prepared by the First Law Commission, chaired by Thomas Babington Macaulay. Its basis is the law of England. Elements were also derived from the Napoleonic Code and from Edward Livingston’s Louisiana Civil Code of 1825. Finally, the Indian Penal Code was passed into law on 6 October 1860. The Code came into operation on 1 January 1862.  


Justicia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Amparo Henao Toro ◽  
Ingrid Regina Petro Gonz ◽  
Felipe Andrés Mar

El presente artículo analiza la Justicia Penal Militar colombiana, su origen y evolución desde la vigencia del Decreto 2550 de 1988, según el cual los miembros de la Fuerza Pública podían ejercer simultáneamente las funciones de comando con las funciones de jurisdicción, toda vez que quien juzgaba no se encontraba técnicamente habilitado para desarrollar esa función por carecer de formación jurídica profesional y debía depender de terceras personas para emitir sus fallos, situación que contrariaba los principios de independencia e imparcialidad. Posteriormente, con la creación de la Ley 522 de 1999, actual Código Penal Militar, esas funciones fueron separadas y prohibidas, lo que amerita analizar estos principios a la luz de esta normativa penal militar.   AbstractThis article analyzes the Penal Military Colombian Justice system, its origin and evolution from the enforcement of Decree 2550 of 1988 according to which members of the security forces could exercise the functions of command simultaneously with the functions of jurisdiction, since he was deemed not technically qualified to perform that function due to lack of professional legal training and had to rely on third parties to issue their decisions, a situation that went against the principles of independence and impartiality. Later, with the creation of the Law 522 of 1999 current Military Penal Code, these functions were separated and thus deserving prohibited discuss these principles in light of the military criminal law.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Fedorov ◽  
◽  
Mikhail V. Krichevtsev ◽  

The article reviews the history of development of French laws on criminal liability of legal entities. The authors note that the institution of criminal liability of legal entities (collective criminal liability) dates back to the ancient times and has been forming in the French territory for a long time. Initially, it was established in the acts on collective liability residents of certain territories, in particular, in the laws of the Salian Franks. This institution was inherited from the Franks by the law of the medieval France, and got transferred from the medieval period to the French criminal law of the modern period. The article reviews the laws of King Louis XIV as an example of establishment of collective criminal liability: the Criminal Ordinance of 1670 and the Ordinances on Combating Vagrancy and Goods Smuggling of 1706 and 1711. For the first time ever, one can study the Russian translation of the collective criminal liability provisions of the said laws. The authors state that although the legal traditions of collective liability establishment were interrupted by the transformations caused by the French Revolution of 1789 to 1794, criminal liability of legal entities remained in Article 428 of the French Penal Code of 1810 as a remnant of the past and was abolished only as late as in 1957. The publication draws attention to the fact that the criminal law codification process was not finished in France, and some laws stipulating criminal liability of legal entities were in effect in addition to the French Penal Code of 1810: the Law on the Separation of Church and State of December 9, 1905; the Law of January 14, 1933; the Law on Maritime Trade of July 19, 1934; the Ordinance on Criminal Prosecution of the Press Institutions Cooperating with Enemies during World War II of May 5, 1945. The authors describe the role of the Nuremberg Trials and the documents of the Council of Europe in the establishment of the French laws on criminal liability of legal entities, in particular, Resolution (77) 28 On the Contribution of Criminal Law to the Protection of the Environment, Recommendation No. R (81) 12 On Economic Crime, the Recommendation No. R (82) 15 On the Role of Criminal Law in Consumer Protection and Recommendation No. (88) 18 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States Concerning Liability of Enterprises Having Legal Personality for Offences Committed in the Exercise of Their Activities. The authors conclude that the introduction of the institution of criminal liability of legal entities is based on objective conditions and that research of the history of establishment of the laws on collective liability is of great importance for understanding of the modern legal regulation of the issues of criminal liability of legal entities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-396
Author(s):  
Rainer Birke

In 2001, a new penal code was adopted in Ukraine after a comprehensive discussion in politics, legal science and society, replacing a codification of the Soviet era dating back to 1960, obviously unsuitable for the new realities. The new penal code of 2001 has been changed many times since then. This also applies to the criminal law provisions against corruption, evaluated and commended by GRECO. However, there is criticism of the criminal law system in Ukraine. A large number of the issues have little or nothing to do with the text of the penal code itself, but with deficits in the application of the law and the resulting loss of confidence in the activities of the law enforcement authorities. The judiciary is said to have a significant corruption problem and is significantly overloaded. The latter is to be counteracted by the introduction of the class of misdemeanor (“kryminalnyj prostupok”) in 2019 that can be investigated in a simplified procedure, which has been criticized, inter alia, because it bears the risk of the loss of quality and possibly infringes procedural rights. Also in 2019, the work on a once again completely new codification of the penal code was commenced, which is not entirely surprising in view to the existing criticism of manual errors or inadequacies of the recent code. It is to be hoped that Ukraine, with the existing will and the necessary strength, will succeed in the creation of a criminal law system that is fully in compliance with the rule of law and that a penal code will be drafted that finally finds full recognition in the society.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustam Rustam

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat tinjaun yuridis terhadap tindakan aborsi yang ditinjau dari Undang-Undang No.36 Tahun 2009, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), hubungan antara Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan UU No. 36 Tahun 2009serta perbandingan pandangan (Perspektif) terhadap aborsi antara UU No.36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan, KUHP dan HAM. Berdasarkan aturan  KUHP dan HAM aborsi dilarang sedangkan menurut Undang-Undang No.36 Tahun 2009, aborsi diperbolehkan dengan syarat tertentu. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan analisis yuridis. Perbedaan aturan tentang aborsi yakni antara Undang-Undang No.36 Tahun 2009, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Hak Azazi Manusia ditengahi oleh asas lex posteriori derogat legi priori yang membuat gagasan baru tentang aborsi yakni pada kedaruratan medis yakni provokatus medicalis. Sedangkan abortus provocatus, berdasarkan pandanga ketiga aturan tersebut adalah merupakan tindakan pidana yang dilarang, serta di anggap sebagai pelanggaran terhadap hak azazi manusia. Kata Kunci; Aborsi, Hukum Pidana, KUHP, HAMThe purpose of this study is to  determine at the legal review of abortion actions reviewed from Law No.36 of 2009, Penal Code, the relationship between the , Penal Code and Law No, 36 of 2009 and comparison of perspective on Abortion action among Law no. 36 in 2009 on Health, Penal Code and Human Rights. Based on Penal Code and Human Rights, abortion is prohibited in Indonesia but based on the Law No.36 of 2009 stated that abortioncould be done with certain conditions. The approach used was the juridical analysis approach. Differences  abortion regulation lawsbased on the Law No.36 of 2009, Penal Code and Human Rights were mediated by the principle of “lex posteriori derogat legion priori” which made an issue on abortion regulation lawsonly in medical emergency namely” provokatus medicalis”. Meanwhile “forabortus provocatus”, based on the threelaws’ views,is a prohibited action and considered as a violation of human rights.Keywords; Abortion, Criminal Law, Penal Code, Human Rights


AKADEMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Fageh

Abstract: Efforts to bring together the synergity of positive legal products and the value of morality of the nation as the wisdom of local cultures to-Indonesiaan needs the seriousness of various parties. Specifically, the provisions of the law governing adultery that truly reflect the aspirations and values that live in the community and are moral mirroring, are indispensable to the attention of many other aspects that Need to also note. While awaiting its realization, the author considers it to be no longer the time when all parties excuse that the freedom and privacy of a person in the sex field is ' closed ' to the law, so that the criminal law stops at the front door of the room. Therefore, maintaining the notion of adultery according to the PENAL code (which is now in force), is the same by validating the sofsion of the values of goodness that live in society. Do we have to be flashed and want to keep that detrimental ' privacy '? Do we still have to ' endure ' by skipping.The formulation of TP fornication in the RUU KUHP has a wider scope than arranged in the KUHP. This is reflected in article 417 and article 419 RUU KUHP, which arranges about the deed of intercourse with a person who is not a husband or his or his/her "collect Kebo" act. Controversy appear as the Delik fornication arranged in both of the article is a complaints delics (still equal to the Delik fornication in article 284 KUHP). The fornication act is not changed to a common delics that can be reported by anyone who knows the deeds. From the subject side, the right to complain has been expanded in a RUU KUHP, which can be complained by a husband, wife, parent, or child.Keywords: Free sec, positive law, national morality


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Annappa Nagaratha

Cybercrimes in India is increasing at an alarming rate. Though various legal provisions under the conventional criminal laws including form the Indian Penal Code, could be used to regulate the cybercrimes, yet the changing nature of these crimes necessitated adoption of a new law framework. Thus, the Indian Information Technology Act was enacted in 2000 but seldom could regulate cybercrimes since it focused on promoting and facilitating e-commerce and e-governance. This Act underwent amendment in 2008 to accommodate provisions essential to regulate cybercrimes as well as protect data and privacy on cyber space. In addition to the law, other strategies were designed and adopted to better regulate cyber offences including announcing cyber security policies, constituting institutions to take care of certain concerns including those relating to critical infrastructure information, etc. This paper aims to provide an overview of the approach adopted in India primarily the legal approach adopted to regulate cybercrimes. Additionally, other strategies adopted by India is also reviewed in brief. Despite these, since cybercrimes are technical as well as dynamic in nature, there is a need to constantly review and revise nation’s strategies, which is also one of the objects of this paper.


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