Experiments measuring effects of ammonium and nitrate fertilizers, with and without sodium and potassium, on spring barley

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny ◽  
R. J. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Thirteen experiments were made with spring barley from 1963 to 1965 on soils overlying chalk. They compared yields at ear emergence and of ripe grain from ammonium sulphate and from calcium nitrate, from sodium nitrate or sodium chloride or both, and from potassium nitrate or potassium chloride. Two rates of seedbed N were tested, though they were different each year, and in 1964 and 1965 N top-dressings were also applied. The amounts of N, K, Na and Mg in the green barley, and of N in the grain, were measured.greatly increased grain yields in all but one experiment, where the barley followed sugar beet. Calcium nitrate gave larger grain yields than ammonium sulphate in three-quarters of the comparisons, but gave much smaller yields than ammonium sulphate on one light soil in 1964 when much rain fell after the fertilizers had been applied. Grain yields from calcium, potassium and sodium nitrates were nearly the same.3. Na slightly increased grain yields in three and K in two experiments, but combine-drilled P or PK fertilizers increased them in every experiment.

STUDIES ON THE BIONOMICS AND CONTROL OF THE BURSATE NEMATODES OF HORSES AND SHEEP: IV. ON THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF SOME NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS ON THE FREE-LIVING STAGES OF SCLEROSTOMES

1937 ◽  
Vol 15d (7) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
Strong Solution ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
And Control

The effect of ten of the commoner nitrogenous fertilizers on the free-living stages of Sclerostomes, is discussed. Urea is the most lethal. Under the conditions of the experiments, which are otherwise ideal for the survival of the larvae, one part of urea to 125 parts of fresh horse feces is necessary to sterilize them. The proportions of the others tested are: Calurea, 1:80; powdered cyanamide, 1:50, with granular cyanamide slightly lower; potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and Calnitro, 1:20; calcium nitrate and diammonium phosphate (dry or in medium strength solution) 1:17; Nitro-chalk, about 1:16 (but should not be used in strong solution); ammonium sulphate, 1:14.

Field experiments comparing ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea combine-drilled with spring barley

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Devine ◽  
M. R. J. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Grain Yields

1. Twenty-one experiments were carried out in various parts of England and Scotland in 1959–61 comparing two or more of the nitrogen sources ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and urea, combine-drilled in compound fertilizers for spring barley.2. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate combine-drilled at rates from 35 to 105 lb./acre of nitrogen checked early growth slightly in some of the experiments, with no important difference between the two sources, which also gave similar grain yields.3. Calcium nitrate and urea combine-drilled at 45 lb./acre of nitrogen had no large effect on early growth, while at 70 and 90 lb./acre both fertilizers seriously delayed brairding and reduced the plant population in many of the experiments, especially in eastern England. They gave lower yields than ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate in many of the experiments in which early growth was affected, and gave lower mean yields at all rates of application.4. In eleven of the experiments, broadcast applications of two or more of the four nitrogen fertilizers were compared. All sources gave similar mean yields.5. There was a slightly smaller yield from combine drilling than from broadcasting ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, and a markedly smaller yield from calcium nitrate and urea.

Side-placing urea and other nitrogen fertilizers for spring barley

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
A. Penny ◽  
R. J. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers

1. Laboratory experiments compared alternative ways of placing urea for wheat. Urea greatly increased the pH in the seed-row; placed in contact with seeds, it killed many plants, but did not when placed 1 in. to the side of the seed.2. A combine-drill was modified so that, by simple adjustments, fertilizers could be placed in contact with the seed, or at 1 in. to the side of the seed, or broadcast over the seed-bed.3. Fifteen experiments with spring barley and one with spring wheat, made from 1960–62, compared yields from urea with yields from ammonium sulphate; calcium nitrate and sodium nitrate were tested in seven and in six experiments, respectively.

The effects on winter wheat of ammonium sulphate, with and without a nitrification inhibitor, and of calcium nitrate

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. R. Gasser ◽  
F. G. Hamlyn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Effect On Yield

SUMMARYWinter wheat grown on a sandy-loam and on a clay-loam soil was given ammonium sulphate alone or treated with the nitrification inhibitor, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)- pyridine, drilled with seed, in autumn. In spring, dressings of treated or untreated ammonium sulphate or of calcium nitrate, were broadcast. 75 or 150 lb N/acre were given on the sandy loam and 50 or 100 lb on the clay loam. Plants were sampled during growth and grain yield was measured.Without fertilizer-N, the wheat yielded 17 cwt/acre on the sandy-loam and 46 cwt on the clay, and with the double dressings given in spring yields were 52 and 56 cwt/ acre. On the light soil, treated ammonium sulphate given in autumn increased yield by 3–5 cwt/acre with the single dressing and by 5–4 cwt/acre with the double one.On the heavy soil the inhibitor had no effect on yield. Dressings of 50 lb N/acre in autumn or spring increased yields equally, but with 100 lb N/acre the spring dressing increased yield slightly more than autumn dressings. Calcium nitrate at 75 lb N/acre was significantly better than ammonium sulphate on the light soil.The inhibitor did not affect the speed with which N was taken up, or the total uptake, from fertilizer given in spring.

scholarly journals The effect of the previous crop and differentiated fertilisation on yields and content of N-substances in spring barley grain

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Luděk Hřivna ◽  
Rostislav Richter ◽  
Pavel Ryant ◽  
Michal Příkopa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Small Plot

In small-plot experiments established in 2001–2004 we studied the effect of the chemical composition of the plant dry matter of spring barley, varieties Kompakt and Jersey, on grain yields. A re­la­ti­ve­ly strong correlation was confirmed between the chemical composition of the plant dry matter and yields. The correlation was most intensive in the case of nitrogen (r = 0.536), phosphorus (r = 0.503), magnesium (r = 0.464) and sulphur (r = 0.431) at the beginning of shooting (DC 30); in the case of potassium (r = 0.557) at the beginning of tillering (DC 23) and calcium (r = 0.530) during ear formation (DC 55). A relatively strong correlation remained from the beginning of tillering to the beginning of ear formation and later decreased. The weather conditions of the year and variety significantly affected grain yields and also the previous crop was important. Grain yields of the variety Kompakt were statistically significantly lower than of the variety Jersey (6.02 t . ha−1 and 6.45 t . ha−1, respectively). The yields of barley grown after sugar-beet were the highest (6.30–6.79 t . ha−1); the grain yields of barley after maize decreased by 9.1–9.7 %. Higher grain yields of the Jersey variety resulted in levels of ­N-substances (11.35 %) lower than in the Kompakt variety (11.35 % and 11.60 %, resp.). No correlation was discovered between the nitrogen level in the plant dry matter during vegetation and the content of ­N-substances in barley grain.

The value of calcium nitrate and urea for sugar beet, and the effect of late nitrogenous top dressings

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Held Back

1. Twenty-eight experiments on sugar beet in 1956–8 compared ammonium sulphate, calcium nitrate and urea applied to the seedbed before sowing. The three fertilizers were compared at rates which supplied nil, 0·6 and 1·2 cwt. N/acre. Treatments in which 0·6 cwt. N/acre was held back until the end of June were also included.2. Average responses in sugar yield were low, 0·6 cwt. N/acre provided virtually all the nitrogen required for maximum sugar production. The heavier nitrogen dressing, on the other hand, substantially increased the yield of tops.3. Calcium nitrate and urea were as effective as ammonium sulphate at raising sugar yield. There was no damage to germination with any fertilizer, and when urea containing 4·5% biuret was used for topdressing in 1956, no damage was seen. Calcium nitrate and, to a lesser extent, urea produced more tops than ammonium sulphate.4. Putting all the nitrogen into the seedbed was as effective as a split dressing in raising sugar yield. Leaching of nitrogen in a wet summer is therefore not important to sugar beet. Late nitrogen, on the other hand, never harmed sugar production if some had been given to the seedbed.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN SOURCE, RATE, AND APPLICATION FREQUENCY ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ONION

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 490h-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Batal
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Cold Injury ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Source Rate ◽  
Application Frequency

Commercial N fertilizer formulations, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrates (15-0-14 and 13-0-44) applied at 84 and 168 kg N/ha in 3 or 5 split applications did not affect total marketable yield of dry onion. Application frequencies causing an increase in total amount of N applied during the spring months (Feb.-Apr.) increased marketable yield by 5 MT/ha. Bulb decay was the highest when ammonium nitrate was applied, whereas the least number of decayed bulbs resulted from sodium nitrate applications. Plants grown with potassium nitrate (13-0-44) were most susceptible to cold injury. Ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate applications produced the highest percentage of onions that bolted. The lowest percentage of plants showing bolting incidence resulted from calcium nitrate applications. Bolting of onions was closely associated with rapid growth and increased onion size. However, cold injury and bulb decay were not influenced by these growth factors.

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