Food-intake level in some Romney Marsh ewes and follicle-group development in their progeny

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Wildman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Group Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Secondary Follicle ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Partial Association ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Plane Group ◽  
Food Intake Level

1. An experiment was carried out in which twelve Romney Marsh ewes were separated into two groups, one kept on a high plane of food intake and one on a low plane during pregnancy and lactation. Skin and wool samples were taken from the progeny at birth and weaning; the ratio Sf/Pf was determined for these ages as well as the proportion of follicles of various kinds and in different phases of activity. The results are compared with those of Ryder from an earlier experiment with Cheviots.2. Differences in food intake of ewes of the order described affected live weight at weaning, but did not significantly affect the differentiation and development of secondary follicles in the foetus nor their number at weaning.3. Lambs in the low-plane group shed secondary fibres at 12 months old much more than those which had been in the high-plane group.4. A partial association of variation in birth Sf/Pf with variation in birth weight was demonstrated, but more than half the variation in this ratio is not accounted for in this way, and the same applies to the variation in birth S/P of the Cheviots in Ryder's earlier experiment. It is suggested that variations in foetal environment and in the early post-natal period affect the rate at which the secondary follicle population in a lamb develops towards its mature genetic maximum.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of a Tool to Measure the Severity of Dysphagia: The Food Intake LEVEL Scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Kunieda ◽  
Tomohisa Ohno ◽  
Ichiro Fujishima ◽  
Kyoko Hojo ◽  
Tatsuya Morita
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Level Scale ◽  
Food Intake Level

scholarly journals The influence of natural diet composition, food intake level, and body size on ingesta passage in primates

2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Clauss ◽  
W.Jürgen Streich ◽  
Charles L. Nunn ◽  
Sylvia Ortmann ◽  
Gottfried Hohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Food Intake Level

Increasing food intake in late gestation improved sow condition throughout lactation but did not affect piglet viability or growth rate

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Miller ◽  
G. R. Foxcroft ◽  
F. X. Aherne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Food Intake Level

AbstractIncreasing sow food intake in late gestation prevents loss of sow fatness prior to farrowing. However, this may result in reduced food intake and greater overall fat loss during lactation and has also been associated with increased incidence of agalactia. In this experiment 78 Camborough sows (parities 1 to 3) were given food at one of two levels: either 1·15 × maintenance energy (normal-N sows, 2·3 (s.e. 0·03) kg/day) or 2·00 × maintenance energy (high-H sows, 3·9 (s.e. 0·04) kg/day) from day 100 of gestation until farrowing. Lactation food intake, changes in sow live weight and backfat thickness and piglet growth rates were then measured. Diet digestibility in early lactation was measured using a chromium III oxide marker in the food. There was no change in backfat thickness in late gestation in H sows (0·2 (s.e. 0·25) mm), whereas N sows lost backfat during this period (1·6 (s.e. 0·23) mm, P <; 0·001). There was no difference in lactation food intake between the two groups (6·5 (s.e. 0·13) kg/day) and differences in backfat thickness at parturition were maintained through to weaning. H sows did not show increased incidence of agalactia compared with N sows. There was no difference in diet digestibility between the two treatment groups. Food intake level in late gestation did not affect piglet birth weights, growth rates or mortality. It is concluded that the main benefit of increasing sow food intake in late gestation was to reduce sow backfat loss during the reproductive cycle.

scholarly journals The effect of pregnancy and lactation on food intake, gastrointestinal anatomy and the absorptive capacity of the small intestine in the albino rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Cripps ◽  
V. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

1. Food consumption, live weight, anatomical measurements on the gut organs and the absorptive capacity of the small intestine for L-leucine and D(+)-glucose were made on virgin (control), pregnant and lactating albino rats.2. Food intake increased by approximately 60% during pregnancy and a further 250% during lactation.3. Pregnancy did not markedly influence the gross anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. There was evidence for increased villus height and percentage water in the small intestine and for increased length of the colon during pregnancy.4. During lactation, the alimentary canal progressively increased in weight and size. It partially regressed following weaning.5. All anatomical measurements, except the length of the small intestine, completely regressed to control values within 20 d of weaning. The increased intestinal length had not completely regressed by day 30 post-weaning.6. No significant change was observed in absolute absorption of glucose or leucine during pregnancy.7. Absolute absorption of leucine and of glucose was increased during lactation. Greatest absorption occurred on the 10th day of lactation.8. Results for absorption of leucine and glucose per unit length indicated that the ability of the mucosal cells to absorb or the number of absorptive cells/mm had changed during lactation and the post-lactation periods.

The effects of food intake in gestation on sows lactating for 14 days

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

ABSTRACTNinety-two gilts in replicates of four littermates were mated at puberty at a mean live weight and age of 95 kg and 191 days respectively. The littermates were allocated at random to one of four food allowances (kg/day) during four successive gestations: (A) 1·5, (B) 2·0 in parity 1 followed by 1·5 in subsequent parities, (C) 20 and (D) 2·5. A diet calculated to contain 12·7 MJ digestible energy per kg was fed throughout gestation, the 2-week lactation and from weaning to conception.The numbers of sows which conceived at parity 5 when the experiment terminated were 10, 12, 13 and 16 for treatments A to D respectively. Sow live weight at conception differed significantly (P < 0·01) from parity 2 onwards: the maximum live weights of sows on treatments A and B did not exceed 130 to 135 kg, but the live weights of sows on treatment D continued to increase to reach 195 kg at the end of the experiment. The in vivo skin plus subcutaneous fat thickness at the P2 location differed significantly (P < 0·001) between treatments from parity 2 onwards, decreasing by 3 mm in treatment A and increasing by 6 mm in treatment D from the start of the experiment to conception at parity 4. The interval from weaning to conception was significantly (P < 0·05) lower in treatment B in parity 2. This was the only significant effect and was contrary to the tendency for the interval to increase as the food allowance in gestation was decreased. The numbers of pigs born alive, stillborn or weaned (including fostered pigs) were not significantly affected by treatment. Birth weight and post-natal growth rates were significantly (P < 0·05) increased after parity 1 as gestation food allowance increased, with the exception of the post-natal growth rate in parity 3. Overall birth weight was increased by 018 kg per pig and weaning weight by 0·93 kg per pig on treatment D compared with treatment A.

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