Effects of supplementary feeding lucerne hay and barley grain to Angora does during the last third of pregnancy and lactation, and of litter size on pasture, birth weight, live weight, parasitism, milk production, milk composition and mohair production

2020 ◽  
pp. 106303
Author(s):  
B.A. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

A two-diet system and ad libitum lactation feeding of the sow. 2. Litter size and piglet performance

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Neil ◽  
B. Ogle
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Piglet Mortality ◽  
Treatment Mortality

AbstractSixty gilts were allotted to one of the following feeding regimes: CR, a conventional diet offered at a restricted level according to Swedish feeding standards; SA, a simplified gestation diet (mainly oats and barley) offered at a restricted level and a conventional diet offered ad libitum during lactation; CA, a conventional gestation diet offered at a restricted level and the same diet offered ad libitum during lactation. The sows were followed for four parities. Piglet birth weight was unaffected by sow feeding, but differences in piglet live weight were found from 3 weeks of age to the end of the experiment when the piglets were 9 weeks old. CA piglets were heavier than SA piglets at 3 and 9 weeks of age and heavier than both CR and SA piglets at weaning (35 ± 3 days). Litter size was unaffected by treatment as was piglet mortality, whereas the cause of death varied with treatment. Mortality due to trauma was higher among CA piglets than among others, while mortality due to weakness was higher among SA piglets than others and there was also a tendency for higher mortality due to diarrhoea among CR piglets. It was concluded that the CA feeding regime was superior with regards to piglet performance.

Influence of shearing regime and grass silage quality on the performance of pregnant ewes

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Black ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnut
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Carry Over Effect

ABSTRACTThe performance of housed ewes, shorn at various stages during pregnancy and offered silages ad libitum made from grass harvested at two contrasting stages of growth, was studied. The mean increase in silage dry matter (DM) intake due to shearing (0·11 kg/day; P > 0·05) was small in comparison with that resulting from offered earlier-cut silage (0·27 kg/day; P < 0·001). The mean increase in twin lamb birth weight from ewes shorn at least 6 weeks before lambing was almost 1 kg per lamb (P < 0·01) with no significant effect on ewe live-weight change. Greatest increase in lamb birth weight (1·11 kg; P < 0·01) was produced by shearing several times during pregnancy, with least response (0·23 kg; P < 0·05) from shearing once only, 4 weeks before lambing. The effect of silage quality on lamb birth weight was not significant, despite the large difference in DM intake of the two silages. This difference in intake was reflected by ewe live-weight change over pregnancy with those ewes offered early-cut silage gaining 5·57 kg while those offered late-cut silage lost 4·53 kg (P < 0·001). There was a marked fall in respiration rate and rectal temperature after each shearing and, compared with shorn ewes, unshorn ewes had a mean gestation length which was 2·04 days shorter (P < 0·01). In terms of lamb growth rates, ewe milk yields and milk composition, the performance on all treatments after turn-out to pasture was satisfactory and no significant carry-over effect of treatments applied during pregnancy were observed during the first 5 weeks of lactation.

Gestation period, litter size and birth weight in the goat

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Amoah ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
General Linear ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interactive Model

ABSTRACTData from 265 female goats (does) from seven herds in Year 1 and 130 does from four herds in Year 2 were analysed using a general linear interactive model for factors affecting gestation period (GP), litter size (LS) and birth weight (BW) of offspring (kids). Gestation period could be described by the regression equation GP = α – 0·890LS –1·072S where S is the proportion of male kids in the litter and the constant (a) depends on breed and herd and was 154·240 (s.e., 0·843) days for British Saanen does in Herd 1. The model established for LS was a quadratic regressional relationship LS = a – 0·000103 (MW - 60))2 + 0-0172 (MW -60) where MW was live weight of the doe at mating and a at MW = 60 kg depends on herd and period of kidding. For early-kidding does in Herd 1 a was 2·277 (s.e., 0·090) kids. The expression BW —α 0·363LS + 0·057P is a simplified multiple regressional form involving BW, LS and parity (P) where a varies according to breed, herd and age of the doe. The estimate of a for kids from British Saanen, 1-year-old does in Herd 1 was 3·879 (s.e., 0·632) kg.

scholarly journals Comparative study between semi-intensive and scavenging production system on the performances of Black Bengal goat

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
MU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heat Period ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The experiment was aimed to investigate and compare the growth, milk production and reproductive performances of Black Bengal goat under semi-intensive production (IP) and scavenging production (SP) system. Six Black Bengal does were assigned into 2 treatment (IP and SP) having 3 in each group. The IP group was allowed to graze six hours daily and supplemented with concentrate (soybean meal and wheat bran) and roughage (sorghum and common grass) and the SP group was maintained by the rural landless farmer traditionally as scavenging system. The average birth weight of kids were 1.30 and 0.96 kg for IP and SP systems, respectively and varied significantly (P<0.01). The birth weight of male kids were significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the female kids. Pre-weaning gain was also significantly (P<0.01) higher in IP than sp system. In both the systems, male kids always showed higher gain than that of females. The kids were weaned at an average age of 92 and 81 days for IP and SP systems, respectively. The kids of the IP and SP systems attained at an average weaning weight of 5.43 and 4.17 kg, respectively which differs significantly (P<0.01). Weaning weight was found to be significantly higher in IP than SP systems. Average initial live weight, live weight at kidding and final live weight at post partum heat of does of IP and SP systems were 22.10, 22.61 and 21.03 and 21.90, 22.35 and 19.73 kg, respectively, where there was no significant difference except the final live weight (P<0.05). The average daily milk yield, total lactation yield and lactation length for IP and SP systems were 214 ml, 20.47 l and 95.33 days and 162 ml, 13.75 l and 84.66 days, respectively and varied significantly (P<0.01). Average litter size of the IP and SP systems was 2.00 and 2.33, respectively. Average post partum heat period and kid mortality were significantly (P<0.01) lower in IP than SP system. Gross return was found higher in IP than that of SP systems. Thus, it can be recommended from the present study that the growth rate, weaning age, weaning weight, milk production, post partum heat period and kid mortality of Black Bengal goat could be improved through proper feeding and better husbandry system which was reflected from gross return. Keywords: Semi-intensive; Scavenging; Production; Reproduction; Black Bengal goat DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4803 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 79-86, 2009

Responses to grain feeding by grazing dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Robaina ◽  
C. Grainger ◽  
P. Moate ◽  
J. Taylor ◽  
J. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Yield Responses

Summary. Two experiments were conducted on feeding grain supplements to dairy cows during summer. In experiment 1, dairy cows in mid–late lactation were offered one of 2 pasture allowances (about 20 and 40 kg DM/cow.day) with and without a supplement of a grain mix (5 kg of a 70 : 30 mixture of barley and lupins). This experiment was conducted twice over 2 consecutive summer–autumn periods (years 1 and 2). Milk yields were higher at the high pasture allowance and with grain feeding. The marginal response to grain feeding (kg milk/kg grain DM consumed) was 0.7 at both pasture allowances in year 1, and 1.1 and 0.8 at the low and high pasture allowance, respectively, in year 2. Diet had no significant effect on milk composition. Pasture intake was reduced by supplementary feeding and the level of substitution depended on pasture allowance. The alkane-based and sward sampling techniques were used to estimate pasture intake and diet digestibility. Estimates of pasture substitution, based on measurements made with the alkane technique, were 0.3 and 0.6 kg DM reduction in pasture/kg DM grain consumed at the low and high pasture allowance, respectively, in both years. In year 1, the pasture substitution measured with the pasture difference method was 1 kg pasture DM/kg grain DM at both pasture allowances. In year 2, estimates of substitution calculated using the pasture difference method were 0.2 and 0.5 kg pasture DM/kg grain DM at the low and high pasture allowance respectively. In the second experiment (year 3), the effects of level of feeding barley on pasture intake, diet digestibility and milk production were measured during summer. The 4 levels of grain consumed were 0, 1.8, 3.4 and 6.7 kg barley DM/cow. day. Higher grain intake resulted in higher milk yield, higher protein concentration and yields of fat, protein and lactose. Milk yield responses per kilogram of barley diminished from 1.6 at the low barley intake to 0.8 kg milk/kg barley DM at the highest barley intake. It is suggested that higher levels of substitution and a potentially less efficient use of grain contributed to the poorer production responses at higher levels of grain feeding.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DRY SEASON SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF YANKASA SHEEP IN A TWICE-YEARLY LAMBING PROGRAMME

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
O. A. Osinowo ◽  
M. S. Doma ◽  
N. Pathiraja ◽  
V. Buvanendran
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Different Levels

Ninety-four pregnant Yankasa ewes were divided into 3 groups and fed;(1) 0, (2) 200 or (3) 400 g/head/day of a concentrate supplement in addition to 6 h grazing daily, from 35.9±2.0 days before, to 98. 122.0 days after lambing in the dry season between 2 Jan vary and 15 May 1984 in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) bet den groups in litter size and adjusted birth weight in the initial lambing 35.9±2.0 days into the experiment although the latter showed consistent increase with level of supplementation. Adjusted 90-day Weaning weights increased significantly (P<0.05) with each increase in level of supplementation: 5:5, 7.1 and 8.6kg for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Correspondingly, the percentage of lambs weaned increased (48.6, 56.4 and 90.7%) while ewe mortality declined (12.9, 10.0 and 3.0%) with increasing level of supplementation, The percentage of ewes exhibiting oestrus within 98.1±2.0 days postpartum increased with level of supplementation: 77,8,91.3 and 96.8% for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. However, of the ewes showing oestrus, there were no significant differences between groups in post-partum intervals to oestrus and conception. Litter size from matings during the experiment showed non-significant increase with level of supplementation. It is concluded that dry season supplementary feeding is essential for optimum reproductive performance of Yankasa sheep in a twice-yearly lambing programme. 

The milk yield and milk composition of the Greek indigenous goat (Capra prisca) as influenced by duration of suckling period

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zygoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Condition Score

ABSTRACTTwo groups, A and B, each consisting of 12 Greek indigenous goats suckling single kids were traditionally fed during a 36-week lactation period. During the suckling period (6 and 12 weeks for the groups A and B, respectively) milk production was estimated at 7-day intervals. During the milking period (30 and 24 weeks for the groups A and B, respectively) the goats were hand milked twice daily and their milk production was measured at intervals of 4 weeks. Milk samples were analysed for fat, protein, lactose, ash and dry matter concentration. Solids-not-fat and energy concentration were calculated. During lactation the goats were weighed weekly up to week 12 and monthly thereafter and body condition score was assessed at each weighing.Goats with a 6-week suckling period produced significantly less milk throughout lactation but significantly more marketable milk than those with a 12-week suckling period. Yield peaked at the 6th and 10th weeks of lactation respectively, then declined rapidly and tailed off gradually from weeks 7 and 16 respectively. Milk composition was affected only occasionally by the duration of the suckling period. Thus, fat concentration was higher for the group with the 6-week suckling period between weeks 7 and 16, whilst protein was higher between weeks 8 and 12. Lactose concentration was lower for the same group between weeks 7 and 11, whilst ash concentration was similar in both groups. Live weight and body condition of the goats throughout lactation showed similar changes in both treatment groups.

A note on the use of kale as a replacement for cereal-based concentrates for milk production

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Block Experiment

SUMMARYTwenty-four lactating cows were used in a 6-week randomized block experiment to assess the effect of replacing 2·4 kg of cereal-based concentrate dry matter by either 2·6 or 3·2 kg of kale dry matter for cows with ad libitum access to grass silage. Milk yield, milk composition and live-weight change were not affected by the inclusion of kale. Silage dry-matter intake was significantly lower on the kale treatments than with concentrate, being 8·51, 7·89 and 7·95 kg per day for the concentrate, low-kale and high-kale supplements respectively. Energy digestibilities were 68·1, 74·4 and 76·4% and nitrogen digestibilities 67·1, 74·9 and 78·8% for the three treatments respectively.

Effects of rolling and alkali treatment of barley grain supplements on forage intake and utilization by steers and lactating cows

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sriskandarajah ◽  
A. Ashwood ◽  
R. C. Kellaway
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Forage Intake

SUMMARYIn Expt 1, lactating dairy cows grazing kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) were given no supplement (C), supplements of rolled barley grain at 4 (4R) and 6 (6R) kg/day and supplements of NaOH-treated whole barley grain at 4 (4A) and 6 (6A) kg/day. Daily production of milk (kg/day), fat and protein (g/day) and live-weight changes (g/day) respectively were C 7·82, 303, 276, 450; 4R 9·26, 338, 315, 865; 4A 10·23, 366, 349, 529; 6R 10·09, 352, 343, 672; 6A 10·61, 363, 348, 361.Milk production was significantly higher (P < 0·05) and live-weight gain significantly lower (P < 0·05) on NaOH-treated grain than on rolled grain.In Expt 2, yearling steers in pens were fed pasture hay ad libitum with no supplement (C) and 3 kg/day of barley grain which was either rolled (3R) or NaOH-treated whole grain (3A). Mean intakes of hay (g/day) and DOMD in vivo (%) respectively were C 7684, 60; 3R 5224, 65; 3A 6209, 60.Hay intake was significantly higher (P < 0·05) on NaOH-treated grain than on rolled grain.Fractional disappearance rates of rolled and NaOH-treated grain from nylon bags suspended in the rumen were, respectively, 0·15 and 0–07/h for the period 0–4 h, and 0·07 and 0·02/h for the period 4–12 h incubation. In Expt 2, rumen pH was higher and the digestion rate of hay in nylon bags in vivo was higher on C than on 3R and 3A. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the rumen did not differ significantly between diets.It was concluded that greater milk production and hay intakes when cattle were fed NaOH-treated whole barley than when they were fed rolled barley were attributable to the slower rate of digestion of the former. The NaOH treatment (30 g NaOH/kg grain) was probably too low and further study is necessary to determine optimum levels of treatment, which are likely to vary with the ratio of grain: forage in the diet.

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