The effect of body-weight loss on the composition of Brahman cross and Africander cross steers

SummaryComparative slaughter was used to assess the effects of body-weight loss on Brahman cross (BX) and Africander cross (AX) steers of the F3 generation with respect to the empty body weight, the hot carcass weight and various offal components. Animals were slaughtered at design weights of 325, 341, 358, 374 and 390 kg, some while during positive body-weight growth (Group A) and others during weight loss from 390 kg at a rate of 0·5 kg per day (Group B).AX animals had less empty body weight (B. B. W.) and dressed carcass weight (H. C. W.) at the same fasted body weight. Weight loss also reduced the amount of E. B. W. at the same fasted body weight but the effect on H. C. E. was not significant.The breeds were very similar with respect to the various components of the offal, except that the AX had heavier heads. The weight loss treatment increased the proportion of the head, tail and feet, because these comparatively bony structures lost relatively little during the weight loss period. The heart was also relatively increased by the weight loss treatment. The liver, gall bladder, kidneys, total gut tissue, spleen and thymus were reduced relative to E. B. W. in Group B animals. The liver showed its most rapid weight loss in the early period of body-weight loss, being the only organ to show any variation in its rate of change during body-weight loss.Body-weight loss caused changes in the distribution of the gut tissue, with a relative loss in the rumen-reticulum and a relative gain in the hind gut.

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Developmental growth and body weight loss of cattle. II. Dissected components of the commercially dressed and jointed carcass

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9680477 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 477 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

RM Seebeck ◽

NM Tulloh

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Developmental Growth ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

The effects of developmental growth and of body weight loss on the carcass composition of Angus steers, as measured by dissection of butcher's joints, are described. Two groups of steers were used: group A, which grew continuously, and group B, which grew like group A and was then subjected to a period of weight loss before slaughter. Animals in both groups were killed at the same body weights. Statistical analysis consisted of analyses of covariance of weights of components converted to logarithms.The proportions of muscle and bone decreased significantly as carcass weight increased, while the proportions of all fat components (particularly subcutaneous fat and kidney and channel fat) increased. Developmental growth also influenced the distribution of the components in the carcass, particularly muscle, subcutaneous fat, and intermuscular fat. These changes in weight and distribution of components appeared to be detrimental to carcass value per unit weight. During body weight loss, the weights of bone and of connective tissue remained relatively constant, although with bone the rate of change varied significantly with the size of the animal before weight loss. All other components lost weight, approximately reversing the pattern of development during body weight increase (as estimated from the group A animals). The muscle content of the group B animals was, however, significantly lower than in group A animals at the same carcass weight. Kidney and channel fat also tended to be lower in group B than in group A, but this depended on the size of the animal before undergoing body weight loss. When all fat tissues were considered together, group B carcasses were only slightly lower in fat content than group A carcasses at the same carcass weight, and this difference was not statistically significant. Changes in the distribution of dissected components were also shown to occur with body weight loss. The changes in both weight and distribution of the dissected components appeared to be detrimental to carcass value per unit weight.

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Developmental growth and body weight loss of cattle. IV. Chemical components of the commercially dressed and jointed carcass

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9690199 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 199 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

RM Seebeck ◽

NM Tulloh

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Chemical Component ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Single Chemical ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

This paper describes a study of chemical components of the carcasses from Angus steers. The left side of each carcass was jointed commercially and each joint was analysed for protein (N x 6.25), water, ash, and fat (ether extract). Two groups of steers were used, viz. group A which grew continuously and group B which grew like group A and were then subjected to a period of weight loss before slaughter. Corresponding animals in both groups were killed at the same body weight. Statistical analysis was by analyses of covariance of the weights of components converted to logarithms. As carcass weight increased, the proportions in the carcass of protein, water, and ash decreased while the proportion of chemical fat increased. When carcass composition was calculated on a fat-free basis, there were significant changes in the proportions of protein, water, and ash as the weight of the fat-free carcass increased during the age range of 12 to 24 months. These are contrary indications to the theory of chemical maturity put forward by Moulton (1923). As carcass weight increased, the weight of each chemical component increased but changes occurred in the distribution throughout the carcass of protein, ash, and chemical fat. The effect of the weight loss treatment on the proportion of each chemical component was independent of carcass weight. When group A and group B animals were compared at the same carcass weight, weight loss led to a significant increase in the proportion of ash and a significant decrease in that of protein. The weight of ash in group B carcasses was estimated to be slightly less than that expected in these animals at their peak of body weight, i.e. before weight loss commenced. There were significant differences between groups A and B in the distribution of the chemical components (particularly protein and fat); these treatment differences in distribution indicate a limitation to the use of chemical analyses of a single joint for predicting whole carcass composition. When relationships between chemical and dissected components were studied, each single chemical component was well related to its corresponding dissected component. For each dissected component except muscle, however, there were significant differences between groups A and B in the equation of best fit, either in slope or in the intercept (difference between adjusted means). Differences of this type limit the use of chemical analysis for estimating dissected components where differences between groups are being studied.

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Developmental growth and body weight loss of cattle. I. Experimental design, body weight growth, and the effects of developmental growth and body weight loss on the dressed carcass and the offal

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9671015 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 1015 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

RM Seebeck

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Weight Growth ◽

Developmental Growth ◽

Body Weights ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Full Body

At the age of approximately 11 months, 19 Angus steers were allotted to two experimental groups, namely, 10 to group A and 9 to group B. Group A animals were grown in pens and fed ad libitum. They were killed, two at each of the following of body weights: 250, 281, 316, 356, 400 kg. Group B animals were grown under similar conditions and killed at the same body weights as corresponding animals in group A; however, they were grown to weights 15% above their killing weights (growing-on phase) and then made to lose weight at 0.5 kg per day by restricting food intake until they reached their planned killing weights (weight loss phase). Huxley's (1932) allometric equation was used in logarithmic form as the basis for covariance analyses of the data. Empty body weight (EBW) increased as a proportion of full body weight as full body weight increased. EBW was higher in group A animals than in group B animals at the same full body weight, reflecting differences in weight of contents of the digestive tract. Dressed carcass weight increased as a proportion of EBW as EBW increased. Dressed carcass weight was higher in group B animals than in group A animals at the same EBW, indicating that the increase in carcass weight that occurred during the growing-on phase was not completely lost during the weight loss phase. During developmental growth, the weights of hide, feet, head, liver, gall bladder, heart, lungs, kidneys, and gut tissue decreased as proportions of EBW. The weight of abdominal fat increased as a proportion of EBW, while the weights of tail, spleen, and blood did not change significantly as proportions of EBW. During body weight loss, the weights of the feet, head, and tail remained close to the weights they had reached at the end of the growing-on phase, although, with the head, this varied considerably with the size of the animal before undergoing body weight loss. All other components lost weight during the weight loss phase. The hide, heart, lungs, and abdominal fat all reversed, approximately, the pattern of development that occurred during body weight growth. The liver, gall bladder, kidneys, gut tissue, spleen, blood, and thymus gland all lost more weight during the weight loss phase than they put on during the growing-on phase. With the liver, kidneys, and gut tissue, the proportion of weight lost varied according to the size of the animal before undergoing body weight loss.

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Loss of lean body mass within one week as a major determinant for total weight loss at one month after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.219 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 219-219

Author(s):

Toru Aoyama ◽

Takaki Yoshikawa ◽

Taiichi Kawabe ◽

Hirohito Fujikawa ◽

Tsutomu Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Period ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Late Period ◽

Total Body ◽

Total Body Weight Loss

219 Background: Postoperative changes in body weight and composition during first 1 month after gastrectomy remained unclear. Methods: The patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer between May 2010 and October 2013 were examined. Body weight and composition were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analyzer within 1 week before surgery (first measurement), at 1 week after surgery (second measurement), and at 1 month after surgery (third measurement). The changes of the early period were defined as the differences until the second measurement, while those of the late period as the differences from the second to the third measurement. Results: Two-hundred forty four patients were selected for this study. Total body weight loss (BWL) within 1 month was -3.4 kg and the rate of body weight at 1 month to the preoperative body weight was 94.1%. BWL was significantly greater in the early period rather than that of the late period (-2.1 kg vs -1.2 kg, p<0.001). In the early period, loss of lean body mass was significantly greater than loss of fat mass (-1.5 kg vs -0.6 kg, p<0.001). The same trend was observed regardless of type of gastrectomy and surgical approach. Conclusions: Loss of lean body mass within 1 week was a major determinant for total body weight loss at 1 month. To maintain lean body mass within 1 week and total body weight at 1 month, future trial should be focused on not the surgical approach but nutritional intervention within 1 week.

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Developmental growth and body weight loss of cattle. V. Changes in the alimentary tract

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9690405 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 405 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

AB Carnegie ◽

NM Tulloh ◽

RM Seebeck

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Alimentary Tract ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Developmental Growth ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

This paper describes an investigation of the effects of developmental growth and body weight loss on the alimentary tract of Angus steers. Two groups of steers were used: group A which grew continuously, and group B which grew like group A and were then subjected to a period of weight loss before slaughter. Corresponding animals in both groups were killed at the same body weights. Group A animals (and group B animals before the commencement of weight loss) were fed on a high quality ration ad libitum. During their period of weight loss the group B animals were given a restricted intake of oaten straw. Statistical analysis was by analysis of covariance of the weights of components converted to logarithms. As empty body weight (EBW) increased, the weight of the empty, fat-trimmed alimentary tract (GT), the weight of each component of GT (oesophagus, rumenreticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, caecum, colon-rectum), and the weight of contents in each component of GT decreased as proportions of EBW. Apart from the oesophagus and the caecum, GT and each of its components did not change significantly in weight as the live body weight of the animals increased from 250 to 400 kg. Thus, developmental growth of the alimentary tract had almost finished when the experiment began. The effect of weight loss on the components of the alimentary tract was independent of EBW except for weight of the rumen-reticulum. This component lost weight in all animals but the loss was relatively smaller in the heavier animals than in the lighter ones. When group A and group B animals were compared at the same EBW, the weight of GT in group B animals was significantly less than in the group A animals. However, the components of GT did not all behave in the same way. Thus the weight of the oesophagus was greater, weights of the abomasum and small intestine were less, and weights of the omasum, caecum, and colon-rectum were not significantly changed in group B animals when compared with group A. Also, there was more digesta and its dry matter percentage was less in group B than in group A. The overall loss of weight of GT during body weight loss was an indication that GT was used as a source of protein and energy. The changes in the weights and relative proportions of the components of GT during weight loss were thought to be a reflection of the change both to a poor quality ration and to a reduced food intake.

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Developmental growth and body weight loss of cattle. III. Dissected components of the commercially dressed carcass, following anatomical boundaries

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9680673 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 673 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

RM Seebeck ◽

NM Tulloh

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Differential Effect ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

The Other ◽

Anatomical Dissection ◽

Developmental Growth ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

This paper describes part of an investigation of the effects of developmental growth and body weight loss on the carcass composition of Angus steers. A method of anatomical dissection was used on one half (the right side) of each carcass to find the weights of each carcass component. The results are compared with those obtained from a method of dissecting butcher's joints used on the other (left) half of each carcass. Two groups of steers were used in this experiment: group A, which grew continuously, and group B, which grew like group A and were then subjected to a period of weight loss before slaughter. Corresponding animals in both groups were killed at the same body weights. Statistical analysis was by analyses of covariance of weights of components converted to logarithms. As carcass weight increased, the proportions of muscle, bone, and fascia and tendons decreased, while the proportions of the fat components increased. This result was similar to that obtained. previously by joint dissection, but the changes differed in degree. Distribution of muscle and bone changed significantly as the total weights of these components increased. Distribution of the other components was known only in so far as they came from either the hindquarter or the forequarter; no changes were found in their distribution as their total weights increased. Comparison of group A and group B animals at the same carcass weight showed that body weight loss led to a significant increase in the proportion of bone in the carcass but only a slight decrease in the proportion of muscle. Body weight loss had a differential effect on the proportion of kidney and channel fat in the carcass, the result depending on the weight at which animals were killed. The weight of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat in the group B carcasses did not vary significantly from that of group A carcasses of the same weight. These results were similar to those found by joint dissection but there were differences in magnitude. In particular, the differences in muscle weight between group A and group B carcasses was more pronounced in the joint dissection, where it was statistically significant. Also bone weight from the joint dissection was affected differentially by the weight loss treatment at the different killing weights; however, there was no evidence of a differential effect on bone weight in the anatomical dissection. These differences were ascribed to more accurate separation of tissues in the joint dissection. Distributions of muscle, bone, and fascia and tendon were affected by loss of body weight. Unlike joint dissection, anatomical dissection did not show significant effects on the distribution of subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat due to the weight loss treatment; these differences between results are ascribed to differences between the units used for assessing these distributions.

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P1080INCREASE OF POST DIALYSIS HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION IS MORE APPROPRIATELY EXPLAINED BY PLASMA VOLUME CHANGE THAN INTRADIALYTIC WEIGH LOST

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Elena Babalj Banskolieva ◽

Risto Grozdanovski ◽

Katerina Spaseska Gjurovska ◽

Marko Ilievski ◽

Biljana Filipovska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Plasma Volume ◽

Volume Change ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Volume Changes ◽

Clinical Instability ◽

Plasma Volume Change ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

Abstract Background and Aims It is well known that haemoglobin significantly increases after haemodialysis and it is associated with the rate of weight loss during dialysis. However, it has been shown that the increase in haemoglobin is not always proportional to the rate of body weight loss during haemodialysis (ultrafiltration). The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between haemoglobin changes, body weight loss and plasma volume changes during haemodialysis Method A prospective study was performed on 92 patients in mid-week treatments. Pre-dialysis and post-dialysis haemoglobin and weight were measured. 27 patients were excluded because clinical instability, no change or a decrease in Hb and low pre-dialysis haemoglobin (< 9 g/dL). The correlation was statistically significant between %ΔPV and ΔHb in both groups (R2=0.59), whereas the correlation between %ΔBW and ΔHb was lower (R2=0.19). So, analysis show that only 19% of the variability in haemoglobin is explained by %ΔBW, and that 59% of the variability in haemoglobin is explained by %ΔPV. Results The mean age was 61.16 ± 13.11 year. The men were 52 (56%). The mean pre-dialysis Hb was 11.31 ± 1.16 g/dL, the mean post-dialysis Hb level was 12.53 ± 1.47 g/dL. The mean absolute change of haemoglobin (ΔHb g/dL) and percent of change of haemoglobin (%ΔHb) were 1.22 ± 0.76 and 9.44 ± 5.31, respectively. Average percent of weight change (%ΔBW) was - 2.44 ± 1.01. Percent of plasma volume change was - 9.22 ± 5.46. The patients were divided in two groups according post-dialysis haemoglobin level: Group A with haemoglobin Hb < 13 g/dL (64 patients) and group B with Hb ≥13 g/dL (28 patients). The mean time average haemoglobin concentration (TAC Hb) in all patients was 11.68 ± 1.11 g/dL.(Predicted Hb TAC was calculated according Krisper′s formula) In both groups there was an increase in %ΔHb, but in the group with post dialysis Hb ≥ 13 g/dL, %ΔHb was greater than in group B with post dialysis Hb < 13 g/dL (13.08 ± 5.11 versus 7.87± 4.61, P = 0.000) despite the relatively small difference of %ΔBW between the two groups (- 2.85 ± 0.95 versus - 2.23 ± 1.02; P = 0.010). However, the difference in %ΔPV between the two groups was significant (- 12.90 ± 5.63 versus - 7.61 ± 4.57; P < 0.000). Conclusion The intradialytic changes in haemoglobin levels are predominantly determined by changes in plasma volume. Changes in body weight are of little predictive value in evaluation of variation of haemoglobin levels. TAC Hb determination should be performed in patients with large variations in plasma volume, because the plasma volume has very little effect on TAC Hb.

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The effect of body-weight loss on the composition of Brahman cross and Africander cross steers: II. Dissected components of the dressed carcass

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600058068 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 411-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. M. Seebeck

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Distribution ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

The Body ◽

Abdominal Muscles ◽

Weight Loss Treatment ◽

Muscle Weight ◽

Intermuscular Fat ◽

Leg Bones

SummaryComparative slaughter was used to assess the effects of body-weight loss on Brahman cross (BX) and Africander cross (AX) steers of the F3generation with respect to gross dissected carcass composition and the distribution of these components over the dressed carcass. Animals were slaughtered at design body weights of 325, 341, 358, 374 and 390 kg, some while during positive body-weight growth (Group A), and others during weight loss from 390 kg at a rate of approximately 0–5 kg/day (Group B).Gross composition was similar in the two breeds, irrespective of the body-weight loss treatment. Body-weight loss resulted in muscle and fat approximately reversing the path of development, while bone and fascia and tendon remained approximately constant. No evidence of proportionally early loss of fat and later loss of muscle was found. Of the fat components, kidney and channel fat showed the highest relative loss. The distribution of muscle was different between the breeds, the most statistically significant differences being that AX had heavier muscles around the spinal column and lighter shin muscles, at the same total muscle weight. Bone weight distribution differences also occurred, with AX tending to have lighter leg bones, at the same total bono weight. A breed difference in intermuscular fat distribution meant that the AX animals were earlier developing in the forequarter and later developing in the hind quarter in respect to its intermuscular fat, than the BX animals.Body-weight loss affected muscle-weight distribution, the most marked effect being that the relative proportion of abdominal muscles fell during body-weight loss. Boneweight distribution was affected to a minor extent, the effects mainly being in the leg bones rather than the axial skeleton. The distribution of neither fascia and tendons nor subcutaneous fat was affected by the body-weight loss treatment, but the distribution of intermuscular fat was affected.

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