Nutrient cycles involving phosphorus and potassium on livestock farms in Northern Ireland

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Adams ◽  
J. S. V. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pilot Scheme ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

SUMMARYA method is described of determining the fertilizer P and K requirements of livestock farms from a knowledge of the stock carried and the crops grown on the farm as a whole. Recycling of P and K through organic manures is put on a rational basis and the fertilizer P and K needed to keep soil P and K at an adequate and constant level is easily measured.A pilot scheme on 100 Northern Ireland farms is testing the method's value for giving advice. It is readily acceptable to advisers and farmers and is enabling substantial savings of fertilizers to be made.

Evaluation of the sulphur status of some grasses for silage in Northern Ireland

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Sulphur Deficiency ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Soluble Sulphate ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Seventy-five grass samples for first-cut silage and 131 samples for second-cut silage were collected in 1983 from intensively managed farms with coarse-textured soils. Samples with total sulphur less than 2·0 g/kg or Kjeldahl nitrogen greater than 28 g/kg, together with nitrogen to sulphur ratio greater than 14, and adequate phosphorus and potassium, were selected as suboptimal in sulphur. The extent of sulphur deficiency was assessed using water-soluble sulphate values of 300–500 and 200–300 mg S/kg to indicate yield depressions of less than 5 and 10% respectively. In the first cut, 20 and 8% of sites were likely to have suffered yield depressions of less than 5 and 10% respectively. Soil-extractable sulphate values less than 10 mg S/kg indicated marginal sulphur reserves for second-cut silage at 49% of the sites. Grass analyses of the second-cut samples showed that 11 and 3% of the sites were likely to have suffered yield depressions of less than 5 and 10% respectively. Incidental sulphur inputs from deposition, organic manures and mineralization may have obviated much of the potential sulphur deficiency for second-cut grass.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM ON RUTABAGA YIELDS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE ◽  
D. C. MUNRO
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the yield and shape of rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill., cult York) were investigated at three locations each year during three successive cropping seasons. Total and marketable yields were increased at most locations by applications of nitrogen and phosphorus, but applied potassium increased yields at only three locations. For maximum yields, rates of 90–112 kg/ha of N and 49–130 kg/ha of P were necessary. Where soil P levels were low, yield increases from applied N were obtained only when accompanied by adequate phosphorus. The ratio of the equatorial/polar diameters of the roots was increased by added N, and to a lesser extent, by applied P and K.

Some effects of lime, nitrogen and soluble and insoluble phosphate on the yield and mineral composition of established grassland

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Insoluble Phosphate ◽  
Highly Correlated

SummaryTwelve factorial experiments made from 1977 to 1981 compared the effects of 0, 4 and 8 t CaCO3/ha, 0 and 360 kg N/ha/year as urea and 0 and 60 kg P/ha/year as either superphosphate or ground rock phosphate on the yield and mineral composition of established grassland on soils of pH 4·7–5·6 in Northern Ireland.Lime did not increase yield whether urea was applied or not. It substantially reduced herbage Mn and, to a lesser extent, herbage P, Mg and Zn.With lime, ground rock phosphate was almost completely ineffective in raising yield and herbage P content. Without lime, it had some value but was less effective than superphosphate.Soil P extracted either by ammonium acetate at pH 4·2 or Olsen sodium bicarbonate reagent did not predict response to superphosphate. When the soil test values were adjusted for field bulk density, soil P extracted by ammonium acetate, but not by Olsen reagent, was significantly correlated with response.Herbage P in the first cut in 1978 was highly correlated with response to superphosphate; only sites with herbage P < 0·27% responded to P.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) as influenced by application of organic and inorganic fertilizers

2012 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Abdul Bari Andishmand ◽  
Mohammad Safar Noori
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Bulb Yield

This study was carried out to ascertain the effects of organic manure (farmyard manure, poultry manure, and vermicompost) and chemical fertilizers NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) on the growth and yield of onion. The research was consisting ten treatments with three replications. Different levels of nitrogen (0, 100, and 150 kg ha-1), phosphorus (0, 75, and 100 kg ha-1), potassium (0, 80, and 100 kg ha-1) fertilizers, and various rates of organic manures (20 ton ha-1 of farmyard manure, 20 t ha-1 of poultry manure and 15 t ha-1 of vermicompost) were applied to the soil at different combinations. The results of this study have shown that both inorganic fertilizers and organic manures significantly influenced all growth and yield parameters. Whereas, maximum plant height (50.50 cm) and bulb yield (30.75 t ha-1) were obtained at the combination of 20 t ha-1 farmyard manure + 150 kg ha-1 N + 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 + 100 kg ha-1 K2O. However, the minimum bulb yield (15.80 t ha-1) was observed with control where no fertilizer was applied. Therefore, application of 20 t ha-1 farmyard manure during field preparation followed by application of 150 kg ha-1 N + 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 + 100 kg ha-1 K2O can be recommended for optimal growth and maximum bulb yield of onion.

The response of grass for silage to sulphur application at 20 sites in Northern Ireland

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stevens ◽  
Catherine J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Significant Yield

SUMMARYTwenty field site3 were selected for their potential sulphur-deficient status. The effect of sulphur at 10 kg S/ha per cut as gypsum or kieserite on the yield and composition of grass for silage given intensive fertilizer was measured at two or three cuts in 1985. Other incidental sulphur inputs in P and K fertilizers and organic manures were minimized. There were significant increases (P < 0·05) in dry-matter yield at ten harvests on five sites. At seven of the ten harvests gypsum and kieserite were equally effective, but at three harvests only kieserite gave significant yield increases. The drymatter yield increases occurred at all three cuts.Using soil analyses to predict sulphur-deficient sites had limited success. The conclusions from this study were that soils with extractable sulphate values < 10 mg S/l had adequate reserves for three-cut silage while soils with values > 10 mg S/l had a 1 in 3 chance of being sulphur deficient. Using plant analyses to diagnose sulphur-deficient herbage had also limited success. In this study herbage with an N/S ratio > 14 was sulphur deficient while herbage with a ratio > 12 had a 1 in 2 chance of being deficient.The proportion of sulphur responsive sites in this study is an overestimate for Northern Ireland as a whole. Most soils in this country have higher clay and organicmatter contents than the field sites. The application of organic manures in normal agricultural practice is likely to be an important source of sulphur to grass for cutting.

scholarly journals Wheat growth and nutrient uptake after phosphorus and potassium applications in saline-sodic field of semi-arid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain ◽  
Riaz Ahmad Khattak ◽  
Ping An ◽  
Yang Shao ◽  
Muhammad Irshad
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Nutrient deficiency is important limiting factor of saline-sodic soils which results in declining crop production in arid climates. The study investigated wheat response to phosphorus and potassium in saline-sodic field of Kohat, Pakistan. The K2O was applied at 0(K0), 75(K1), 150 (K2) kg ha-1 as K2S04 and P2O5 at (0(P0), 60(P1), 120(P2) kg ha-1 as (NH4)2HPO4 in three replications under two-factorial randomized complete block (RCB) design. Both treatments significantly enhanced wheat grain (118%) and dry matter yield (60%) at P2K2 compared to control. The P treatments significantly affected leaf P, Mg, SO4, Ca:P, SO4:P ratios and soil P, Ca:P, Cl:P and SO4:P ratios, while K on leaf K, Na, Ca, SO4concentration, K:Na, K:Ca, SO4:P,Ca:P ratios and soil pH, Na, K, Ca, SO4 concentrations, SAR, Na:K, Ca:K and Na:Ca ratios. Leaf Na was decreased to 85.3 mmol (+) kg-1 at K2 compared to 105.3 mmol (+) kg-1at P2K0. Negative correlation (R2=0.906) of leaf K:Na was found with Leaf Na concentration. Correlation of dry matter was more positive (R2=0.851) with leaf K:Na than grain yield (R2=0.392). It is concluded that K and P addition might be beneficial for improving crop nutrition and wheat yield in saline-sodic soils.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus and relationship to phosphorus balance under long-term fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Benhua ◽  
Cui Quanhong ◽  
Guo Yun ◽  
Yang Xueyun ◽  
Zhang Shulan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Balance ◽  
Activation Coefficient ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Temporal changes in the concentrations of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil (Olsen-P), total soil-P and P activation coefficient (the ratio of Olsen-P to residual-P (i.e. an approximation to total-P)) were measured in plots that received consistent inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus organic fertilizers annually. Maize and winter wheat crops were grown in rotation for 24 years. Olsen-P and P activation coefficient declined significantly in the earlier years (&lt; 12 years) for treatments that did not include any P fertilizer, and increased over the same period for the P-fertilized treatments. The rates of change in the Olsen-P and P activation coefficient values were positively related to P balance. In the later years, the Olsen-P and P activation coefficient plateau values were positively related to the P balance.

scholarly journals Phosphorus balance and use efficiency on 21 intensive grass-based dairy farms in the South of Ireland

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MIHAILESCU ◽  
P. N. C. MURPHY ◽  
W. RYAN ◽  
I. A. CASEY ◽  
J. HUMPHREYS
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYGiven the finite nature of global phosphorus (P) resources, there is an increasing concern about balancing agronomic and environmental impacts from P usage on dairy farms. Data from a 3-year (2009–2011) survey were used to assess farm-gate P balances and P use efficiency (PUE) on 21 intensive grass-based dairy farms operating under the good agricultural practice (GAP) regulations in Ireland. Mean stocking rate (SR) was 2·06 livestock units (LU)/ha, mean P surplus was 5·09 kg/ha, or 0·004 kg P/kg milk solids (MS), and mean PUE was 0·70. Phosphorus imports were dominated by inorganic fertilizer (7·61 kg P/ha) and feeds (7·62 kg P/ha), while exports were dominated by milk (6·66 kg P/ha) and livestock (5·10 kg P/ha). Comparison to similar studies carried out before the introduction of the GAP regulations in 2006 indicated that P surplus, both per ha and per kg MS, has significantly decreased (by 74 and 81%, respectively) and PUE increased (by 48%), mostly due to decreased inorganic fertilizer P import and improvements in P management. There has been a notable shift towards spring application of organic manures, indicating improved awareness of the fertilizer value of organic manures and good compliance with the GAP regulations regarding fertilizer application timing. These results suggested a positive impact of the GAP regulations on dairy farm P surplus and PUE, indicating an improvement in both environmental and economic sustainability of dairy production through improved resource use efficiencies. Such improvements will be necessary to achieve national targets of improved water quality and increased dairy production. Results suggest that optimizing fertilizer and feed P imports combined with improved on-farm P recycling are the most effective way to increase PUE. Equally, continued monitoring of soil test P (STP) and P management will be necessary to ensure that adequate soil P fertility is maintained. Mean P surplus was lower and PUE was much higher than the overall mean surplus (15·92 kg P/ha) and PUE (0·47) from three studies of continental and English dairy farms, largely due to the low import system that is more typical in Ireland, with seasonal milk production (compact spring calving), low use of imported feeds and high use of grazed grass.

YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAPE IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. SHEPPARD ◽  
T. E. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A field trial was conducted for 3 yr to monitor the response of seed rape (Brassica napus L.) to several fertilizer treatments at two seeding dates. The fertilizer treatments consisted of 0–200 kg N/ha, 0–100 kg P/ha and 0–180 kg K/ha broadcast with or without 4.2–7–0 kg N-P-K/ha banded below the seed. Total yield, seed yield, plant height, lodging index, seed contents of oil and N, and leaf contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B were measured. Rape responded to broadcast N with maximum seed yields at 100 kg N/ha independent of seeding date or banded fertilizer. Leaf concentrations of N, P and K were influenced by nitrogen supply but the critical leaf N concentration varied considerably. Response to 7 kg P/ha banded or 25 kg P/ha broadcast occurred when the soil P was less than 10 μg/cc. The critical leaf P concentration was less than 0.2%. Very little response to broadcast K was observed with a soil test of approximately 60 μg K/cc. The early seeding date (late April to early May) increased seed yields an average of 225 kg/ha over the late seeding date (late May) and the band placement of fertilizer increased seed yields an average of 55 kg/ha over comparable treatments without banded fertilizer. Seed yield and leaf elemental composition are presented as functions of broadcast nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

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