Effective velocities artifacts caused by floating datum and compensation methods

Seismic data processing from a floating datum is accompanied by difficulties in estimating effective velocities. These difficulties are associated with the roughness of the datum surface, which, if ignored, leads to artifacts in the estimated effective velocities. The study presents the results of a quantitative analysis of the distortion of effective velocities with model data, as well as the technique to minimize the distorting effect of the elevation on effective velocities. The essence of the method is bringing the sources and receivers within one CDP to a local constant level. This approach has been tested on modeled and real data. It showed a significant reduction in the effect of floating level roughness on kinematic parameters. At the same time, there is no need to modify the processing flow whatsoever.

The macroeconomics of COVID-19 exit strategy: the case of Japan

In this paper, I use a simple SIR Macro model to examine Japan’s soft lockdown policies in 2021 under the COVID-19 crisis. As real-time research, this paper consists of two parts written during two different research periods. The first part, which was originally reported in February 2021, studies the Japan’s second soft lockdown policy (state of emergency declaration) from January to March 2021. After the model is calibrated using 2020 data, the results show that a long enough lockdown can avoid future lockdowns, improving both the infection and the economy. In addition, I propose the ICU targeting policy, which keeps the number of severe patients at a constant level, mimicking the monetary policy’s inflation targeting. The model’s prediction is evaluated from an ex-post perspective in the second part, written in July 2021. I find that the model broadly captures the realized consequences of the second soft lockdown and the subsequent paths. Furthermore, the simulation is projected to the end of the pandemic under a revised scenario, incorporating the proliferation of COVID-19 variants. Finally, I discuss the effectiveness of the inverse lockdown (economic stimulus) policy in the fall of 2021 under the dynamic infection externality.

Research of grain yield dynamics in Russia in the context of scientific and technological development of the crop production industry

This article attempts to describe the patterns of scientific and technological development of the crop production industry from the perspective of studying the dynamics of productivity as one of the key elements of the system. However, the complexity of such a system as a crop production industry causes the presence of other factors that affect scientific and technological development, which will be considered in the following studies. The purpose of this work is to study the regularities in the dynamics of the grain yield indicator in Russia and its forecast. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the elements of system analysis, such as comparative analysis, graphical method, and computational and constructive method. The information base consists of statistical collections and historical materials on agriculture of the Russian Empire, the RSFSR, the USSR, and Russia. Results. The article examines the dynamics of grain yield in Russia from 1892 to 2019. the Hypothesis of this study is the assumption that yield is one of the main factors of scientific and technological development of the crop production industry. It is revealed that periods of significant increase in productivity are associated with the introduction of new types of equipment into agricultural production. In this connection, the concept of “periods with a constant level of technical development” was introduced. There are 6 full periods and the last one is the seventh, which began in 2013 and has not yet ended. According to the calculated data, the period with a constant level of technical development, which began in 2013, will last 15 years, until 2028, while the rate of change in yield will be 0.4 c/ha per year. The features of dynamics of yield of grain in Russia (a significant influence of natural-climatic factor, nonlinearity, instability and fluctuation of yield, reduction in the duration of periods with a constant level of technological development, the increasing trend of the rate of change of productivity and a sharp increase occurring after the end of the crisis phenomena in the economy) revealed its frequency and the predicted next period. The duration of the period will be 18 years until 2046. The average yield in the country this year will be at the level of 30, 65 c/ha. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify patterns and build a forecast of grain yield in Russia, based on the introduction of such concepts as the rate of change in yield and periods with a constant level of technical development.

APPLICATION OF FACTOR MODELING TO DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF SALES OF FURNITURE ENTERPRISES BASED ON A REGRESSION MODEL

Annotation. to conduct a prospective analysis of profitability in organizations that have a constant level and cost structure, you can use sales planning models. With their help, it is possible to determine and analyze the average price of goods for the organization and conduct a prospective analysis of the organization's income. The analysis of a number of factors which, in our opinion, will determine economic efficiency of activity of the furniture enterprise, and also its ability to create profit is carried out. The proposed three-factor regression model of the dependence of sales volume on such factors as: attendance of the furniture salon, the number of main staff, the number of product balances in the store's warehouse. This model is relevant for furniture companies and allows you to plan the sales volumes of furniture sets and, consequently, the company's income. The analysis of variance showed that the model is non-random and reliable. The equation reflects a non-random, stable, significant dependence of the result and explanatory factors. The significance value of F shows the high reliability of the results and the absence of randomness and the presence of a justified pattern in our study. The developed model will allow to carry out a prospective analysis of the profitability of furniture enterprises, at a constant level and cost structure.

ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA OPERATOR DI BAGIAN PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE CARDIOVASCULAR LOAD (CVL) DAN BOURDON WIERSMA UNTUK MENGURANGI KELELAHAN DI CV. XYZ

The workforce of plastic crushing and product printing at CV. XYZ experiences fatigue most quickly, so when working often makes mistakes and lacks concentration at work which causes a decrease in work output. The workload on the operator of the plastic crushing section has oxygen consumption of 0.953 liters / minute categorized by Weight, with a Cardiovascular Load percentage of 30.54% categorized as required for improvement based on the results of Bourdon Wiersma 10.4 seconds speed level category Good Enough, accuracy level 12.7 Doubtful category, a constant level of 5.7 seconds Fair category. The operator of the product printing section has an oxygen consumption of 1,083 liters / minute categorized by Weight, with a percentage of Cardiovascular Load of 35.71% categorized as needed an improvement based on the results of the Bourdon Wiersma speed level of 10.9 seconds the category Good Enough, the level of accuracy 17.6 Doubts category - Doubt, a constant level of 7.01 seconds in the Doubt-free category. Improvements that can be made to plastic crushing and product printing operators are adding rest periods, rolling workers' systems, improving workplace conditions to be more ergonomic, and managing work shifts.. Keywords: Oxygen Consumption, Accuracy, Speed, Constant.

Algorithms for detecting broadband signals with a constant level of false alarms

The use of broadband souding signals in radars, which has become real in recent years, leads to a significant reduction in the size of resolution elements in range and, accordingly, in the size of the window in which the training sample is formed, which is used to adapt the detection threshold in signal detection algorithms with a constant level of false alarms. In existing radars, such a window would lead to huge losses. The purpose of the work was to study the most rational options for constructing detectors with a constant level of false alarms in radars with broadband sounding signals. The problem was solved for the Rayleigh distribution of the envelope of the noise and a number of non-Rayleigh laws — Weibull and the lognormal, the appearance of which is associated with a decrease in the number of reflecting elements in the resolution volume. For Rayleigh interference, an algorithm is proposed with a multi-channel in range incoherent signal amplitude storage and normalization to the larger of the two estimates of the interference power in the range segments. The detection threshold in it adapts not only to the interference power, but also to the magnitude of the «power jump» in range, which allows reducing the number of false alarms during sudden changes in the interference power – the increase in the probability of false alarms did not exceed one order of magnitude. In this algorithm, there is a certain increase in losses associated with incoherent accumulation of signals reflected from target elements, and losses can be reduced by certain increasing the size of the distance segments that make up the window. Algorithms for detecting broadband signals against interference with non-Rayleigh laws of distribution of the envelope – Weibull and lognormal, based on the addition of the algorithm for detecting signals by non-linear transformation of sample counts into counts with a Rayleigh distribution, are studied. The structure of the detection algorithm remains unchanged in practice. The options for detectors of narrowband and broadband signals are considered. It was found that, in contrast to algorithms designed for the Rayleigh distribution, these algorithms provide a stable level of false alarms regardless of the values of the parameters of non-Rayleigh interference. To reduce losses due to interference with the distribution of amplitudes according to the Rayleigh law, detectors consisting of two channels are used, in which one of the channels is tuned for interference with the Rayleigh distribution, and the other for lognormal or Weibull interference. Channels are switched according to special distribution type recognition algorithms. In such detectors, however, there is a certain increase in the probability of false alarms in a rather narrow range of non-Rayleigh interference parameters, where their distribution approaches the Rayleigh distribution. It is shown that when using broadband signals, there is a noticeable decrease in detection losses in non-Rayleigh noise due to lower detection thresholds for in range signal amplitudes incoherent storage.