Inherited physiological differences in red cell characteristics of Welsh mountain sheep

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. H. Khattab ◽  
J. H. Watson ◽  
R. F. E. Axford
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Haemoglobin Type ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Physiological Differences

1. Evidence is given of an association between the two loci governing inheritance of haemoglobin type and erythrocyte potassium concentration in Welsh Mountain sheep.2. In the 1777 animals examined, there was an excess of high potassium types amongst carriers of the haemoglobin B gene.3. At both high and low levels of potassium, sheep possessing haemoglobin A only had significantly more potassium in their blood than animals possessing haemoglobin B only. AB heterozygotes were intermediate in. value.

scholarly journals Interrelationships of Erythrocyte Characters and Other Characters of British and Zebu Crossbred Beef Cattle

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Evans ◽  
HG Turner
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Haemoglobin Type ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Red Cell Count

The following red cell characters were studied in a herd of 217 calves repre-senting Brahman cross, Africander cross, Grade Brahman, and British (Hereford X Shorthorn) breeding, and in their dams: packed cell volume, haemoglobin level, red cell count, fragility, potassium and sodium concentrations, catalase activity, and haemoglobin type. There were distinct breed differences. In some characters, e.g. packed cell volume and potassium concentration, Africander cross were inter-mediate between Brahman cross and British, whereas in others, e.g. fragility and catalase activity, they were indistinguishable from British. Within breeds, the characters showed highly repeatable differences between animals and high herita-bilities.

The genetic control of red cell glutathione deficiencies in Finnish Landrace and Tasmanian Merino sheep and in crosses between these breeds

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Tucker ◽  
L. Kilgour ◽  
J. D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Transport Defect ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cysteine Synthetase

SummaryFinnish Landrace sheep with low red cell GSH concentrations resulting from a defective transport system for certain arnino acids were crossed with Tasmanian Merino sheep with a red cell GSH deficiency due to impaired activity of the enzyme γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase. Inheritance data showed that the two types of GSH deficiency were under independent genetic control. In the Finnish Landrace breed, the gene coding for the transport defect (Trn) was inherited as an autosomal recessive and sheep homozygous for this gene had high red cell concentrations of lysine and ornithine (Ly ×) as well as low levels of GSH. In the Tasmanian Merino breed the GSH deficiency behaved as if controlled by an autosomal dominant gene (GSHL). Backcross breeding experiments resulted in lambs which had inherited both types of GSH deficiency. Evidence suggested that such ‘double low’ GSH lambs had an impaired viability. In Tasmanian Merinos the GSH deficiency was established prior to birth. Newborn Finnish Landrace lambs were clearly separable into two types on the basis of their red cell lysine and ornithine content but not on their GSH concentrations.

Movement of Aldolase From Excised Rat Diaphragm

1956 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Zierler
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
High Potassium Concentration

A protein, aldolase, flows from excised rat diaphragm incubated in a variety of media. The rate of outflow of aldolase is increased by anoxia and by a high potassium concentration in the medium, and it is decreased by a reduction in temperature and by addition of glucose. When diaphragm is transferred to fresh media and reincubated the rate of outflow of aldolase is also accelerated. From measurements of rates of outflow of aldolase, estimates have been made of the area of the membrane required for aldolase to flow through the cell membrane as though it were flowing simply through an aqueous solution. This area is about 10–7–10–8 of the estimated total fiber surface. The estimated area for diffusion of aldolase is modified 16-fold by factors which alter the metabolism of diaphragm.

Diurnal potassium excretory cycles in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. F930-F941 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rabinowitz ◽  
C. J. Wydner ◽  
K. M. Smith ◽  
H. Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Diurnal potassium cycles (DPC) were measured in unanesthetized undisturbed rats fed a liquid diet and maintained in a 12-h light-dark environment. A fourfold step increase in diet potassium content increased DPC amplitude without altering phase. After presentation of the high-potassium diet, the initial adaptive increase in excretion occurred within 1.5 h (diet given during dark phase) and within 6 h (diet given during light phase). On a day when food was withheld (no potassium intake), DPC were present but with a lowered amplitude. The amount of potassium excreted on a fasting day exceeded gut and extracellular fluid potassium content and was only modestly increased when rats were previously fed a high-potassium diet. In adrenalectomized rats that received no steroid replacement or received constant infusions of low levels of aldosterone, dexamethasone, or aldosterone plus dexamethasone, potassium balance and DPC were normal. It is concluded that the amplitude of DPC in the rat is determined in part by the availability of potassium from both intracellular and extracellular potassium pools; mechanisms independent of potassium intake can generate the DPC; and the presence or the cyclic secretion of adrenal steroids is not necessary for the generation of DPC in the rat.

scholarly journals Kidney Is Essential for Blood Pressure Modulation by Dietary Potassium

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tong Su ◽  
Chao-Ling Yang ◽  
David H. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Extracellular Potassium Concentration

Abstract Eating more potassium may reduce blood pressure and the occurrence of other cardiovascular diseases by actions on various systems, including the vasculature, the sympathetic nervous system, systemic metabolism, and body fluid volume. Among these, the kidney plays a major role in the potassium-rich diet–mediated blood pressure reduction. Purpose of Review To provide an overview of recent discoveries about the mechanisms by which a potassium-rich diet leads to natriuresis. Recent Findings Although the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a short part of the nephron that reabsorbs salt, via the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC), it is highly sensitive to changes in plasma potassium concentration. Activation or inhibition of NCC raises or lowers blood pressure. Recent work suggests that extracellular potassium concentration is sensed by the DCT via intracellular chloride concentration which regulates WNK kinases in the DCT. Summary High-potassium diet targets NCC in the DCT, resulting in natriuresis and fluid volume reduction, which are protective from hypertension and other cardiovascular problems.

scholarly journals RED CELL STROMA PROTEIN RICH IN VITAMIN B12 DURING ACTIVE REGENERATION

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Whipple ◽  
F. S. Robscheit-Robbins ◽  
W. F. Bale
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Pernicious Anemia ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Active Regeneration ◽  
Protein Rich

During active blood regeneration in anemia in dogs an increase occurs in the stroma protein of the red cells. When vitamin B12 with radioactive cobalt is given at the start of this blood regeneration one finds concentration of labeled B12 in the stroma protein but not in the hemoglobin. After the acute phase of red cell regeneration is ended the concentration of B12 in stroma protein falls rapidly to very low levels within 2 weeks. Subsequent episodes of red blood cell regeneration seems not to cause remobilization of radioactive cobalt into red cells from other body stores. It appears that the vitamin B12 is a factor of importance in the first steps of stroma protein formation in the first few days of the life of the red cell in the dog. This response in dogs and the response in pernicious anemia to vitamin B12 may have some points in common. Distribution of the B12-radioactive cobalt in the organs and tissues at autopsy has been recorded. Some very suggestive localizations were noted and some variation 1 week and 7 weeks after B12 injections. Radioactive cobalt escapes in the urine during the weeks following B12 injections.

Cation Contributions To Potentiometric Dye Responses In Human Platelets

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L Miller ◽  
Theodore M Mazer
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Electrochemical Gradient ◽  
Activated State ◽  
External Potassium ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
External Calcium

The potentiometric dye, Di-S-C3(5) (0.9μM) was incubated with stirred suspensions of-3washed human platelets (5-6 × 104μl) in buffer containing 137mM NaCl, 2.7mM KCl, 0.2% dextrose, and 25mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4 in an Ami neo-Bowman fluorometer, with excitation λ 620nm and emmision λ 680nm. Equilibrium levels of fluorescence (F) nearly doubled as external potassium concentration (K °) was increased from 2.7mM to 105.6mM. Addition of°2mM CaCl2 always produced immediate transient increases in F, regardless of K0 , in contrast to the increases or decreases produced by the potassium ionophore, valino- mycin (VAL) (5μM) in adherance to the electrochemical gradient determined by the choice of K°. Equilibrium F was also relatively insensitive to external calcium (Ca°) at either high or low levels of K . However, add?tion of the calcium ionophore, A23187 (10μM) produced immediate increases in F, with peak values (F-A23peak) increasing sharply with increasing Ca°. At a given Ca the F-A23peak was insensitve to K ° however, with the prior addition of VAL, F-A23peak became sensitive to K , particularly so at the lowest values of K° , where the F-A23peak was significantly lower in tne presence than in the absence of VAL. Replacement of sodium by choline had no significant effect on equilibrium F or on responses to VAL or to A23187- Platelet agglutination induced by ristocetin plus cryoprecipitate was not accompanied by similar increases in F.These findings suggest that Di – S–C3 F reflects a strong contribution of potassium permeability in the resting state, with relatively little contribution by calcium. Production of an activated state in platelets by A23187, in contrast, results in an increase in F that appears to reflect a major contribution by calcium.

A survey of the potassium concentration in the red blood cells of British breeds of sheep

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Evans ◽  
M. S. Mounib
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Representative Samples

The concentrations of potassium in the whole blood of representative samples of sixteen British breeds of sheep have been studied.The proportion of sheep with a high level of potassium in the whole blood (high potassium or HK type) was found to differ significantly between breeds. It ranged from 0% in the English Leicester to 73% in the Rough Fell.There were significant differences between breeds in the mean concentration of potassium in the whole blood of both the LK and HK sheep.

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