Nitrogen fixation (C2H2reduction) as influenced by sulphate in paddy soils

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. N. Rao ◽  
V. Bajaramamohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARYThe influence of addition of sulphate on acetylene reduction in three paddy soils differing in their properties under two water regimes was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Nitrogenase activity was high in a P-deficient alkaline soil and addition of sulphate further enhanced the activity under two water regimes, with a pronounced stimulation under non-flooded conditions. Sulphate application to submerged alluvial soil enhanced nitrogenase activity with no apparent effect under non-flooded conditions. In acid sulphate saline Pokkali soil sulphate addition had little effect on the nitrogenase activity. Sulphate addition did not result in significant changes in the soil pH and redox potential. No relationship seemed to exist between the sulphate disappearance and stimulation of nitrogenase in these soils. A differential stimulation of N2-fixing microorganisms was noticed as a result of sulphate application. Results suggest that sulphate-induced stimulation of nitrogenase activity occurs in non-flooded soils.

Nitrogen fixation as influenced by pesticides and rice straw in paddy soils

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Jena ◽  
V. Rajaramamohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Straw Amendment ◽  
Straw Application ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryThe effect of three herbicides and an insecticide combination on nitrogen fixation in three paddy soils was investigated in a laboratory incubation study. The influence of pesticide combination on N2 fixation was evaluated in the presence and absence of rice straw under flooded and non-flooded conditions. In a non-flooded alluvial soil single or combined application of butachlor and carbofuran significantly stimulated N2 fixation. There was no effect on N2 fixation when thiobencarb was applied alone; but with thiobencarb in combination with carbofuran higher N2 fixation occurred. Both oxadiazone and thiobencarb had no effect on N2 fixation under flooded conditions, but in combination with carbofuran the N2 fixation was high. In acid sulphate saline Pokkali soil, rice straw application stimulated N2 fixation; the stimulatory effect of carbofuran either alone or in combination became more pronounced under flooded conditions. N2 fixation was low in a laterite Sukinda soil and the effect of pesticides was not changed by rice straw amendment. A uniform stimulation of N2 fixation occurred in soils when carbofuran was applied either singly or in combination with other herbicides tested. Results indicate that the effect of pesticides on N2 fixation varied with the rice straw application and water regime.

Physiology of Nitrogen Fixation in Two New Strains of Anabaena

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 406-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Green Color

Abstract Two different cyanobacteria, Anabaena CH 1 and CH2, were isolated from Taiwan paddy soils. Both strains can grow well with daily dilution method. Anabaena CH1 shows a blue-green color and Anabaena CH2 a green brownish one. Nitrogenase activity decreased as cultures were transferred from light to dark. When a darkened culture was placed again into the light, nitrogenase activity recovered within two hours, but not in the presence of chloramphenicol. Energy supply for nitrogenase within both strains was different. Nitrogenase activity of Anabaena CH1 was light-dependent and oxygen in heterocyst was exhausted through oxyhydrogen reaction. Except photosynthesis, respiration may be used as energy source for nitrogenase in Anabaena CH2. Respiration was the major one to protect nitrogenase against oxygen.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-fixation and phosphate-solubilization bacteria isolated from alluvial and latosol soil paddy field

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
IKHWANI IKHWANI ◽  
NONON SARIBANON ◽  
TATANG MITRA SETIA ◽  
ERNY YUNIARTI ◽  
Jumakir Jumakir
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Abstract. Ikhwani, Saribanon N, Setia TM, Yuniarti E, Jumakir. 2021. Nitrogen-fixation and phosphate-solubilization bacteria isolated from alluvial and latosol soil paddy field. Biodiversitas 22: 4722-4730. This study aims to isolate, select and identify molecular characterization of bacteria from alluvial and latosol soil paddy field. This study has been conducted from February-June 2020 in the Soil Biology Laboratory, ICALRRD, Bogor. Alluvial and latosol soil samples were selected from Pusakanagara and Muara experimental gardens, Muara district. The result showed that bacteria growth in N-free media was higher from latosol soil as compared to alluvial soil. The higher nitrogenase activity isolates, could form ethylene gas concentration 1.1.E + 09 µmol/mL/hours, 1.7.E + 09 µmol/mL/hours and 1.3.E + 09 µmol/mL/hours from  alluvial 6, latosol 4, and latosol 9.  Three isolates have great PSB performances, i.e. isolates No. 4.2, 2.1 and 2 could dissolve 14.398 mg l-1, 12.648 mg l-1 and 12.145 mg l-1 of phosphate, from latosol soil. The highest N-fixing and solubilization capacity identified by molecular characterization i.e latosol 4, 4.2 and alluvial 7.1, alluvial-1.11. The phylogeny analyzed the presence of bacterial isolates in two distinct groups. Latosol 3.1 and latosol 4.2 isolates clustered in the same as the genus Lysinibacillus bacteria. The Alluvial 7.1 bacterial isolate showed similarities by Fictibacillus sp. and alluvial 1.2 isolate showed similarities by the genus Bacillus sp.

PERFORMANCE OF Rhizobium meliloti STRAINS SELECTED FOR LOW-pH TOLERANCE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Ph Tolerance

Twelve strains of Rhizobium meliloti were examined for their ability to nodulate alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and fix nitrogen under acid soil conditions. The strains were separated into a low-pH-sensitive group and a low-pH-tolerant group on the basis of plant dry matter yields in greenhouse experiments. The dry matter yields of alfalfa inoculated with the low-pH-tolerant strains were 5.9, 10.0 and 1.3 times greater than the yields with the low-pH-sensitive strains at soil pH 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0, respectively. Yields of alfalfa at soil pH 6.7 were the same for both groups. Four strains were selected from the low-pH-tolerant group for further evaluation. Plant yield, nitrogen fixation, specific nitrogenase activity, nodule number and nodule weight were measured for each strain in relation to soil pH, inoculum level and alfalfa cultivar. Soil pH, inoculum level and cultivar had significant effects on most of the characteristics measured. There were no significant differences in yield and nitrogen fixation within the four strains, and only minor differences in nodule number, nodule weight and specific nitrogenase activity. The low-pH-tolerant strains were competitive with indigenous strains and effective on a range of alfalfa cultivars. Inoculation rates at 105 rhizobia per seed were required to obtain maximum effect from the applied inoculum. R. meliloti strains selected for low-pH tolerance provide the potential for substantially increasing alfalfa yields on moderately acid soils.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

Alkaline soil pH affects bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes of plants growing in a Sandhills ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dantas Lopes ◽  
Jingjie Hao ◽  
Daniel P Schachtman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

ABSTRACT Soil pH is a major factor shaping bulk soil microbial communities. However, it is unclear whether the belowground microbial habitats shaped by plants (e.g. rhizosphere and root endosphere) are also affected by soil pH. We investigated this question by comparing the microbial communities associated with plants growing in neutral and strongly alkaline soils in the Sandhills, which is the largest sand dune complex in the northern hemisphere. Bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere DNA were extracted from multiple plant species and analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that rhizosphere, root endosphere and bulk soil microbiomes were different in the contrasting soil pH ranges. The strongest impact of plant species on the belowground microbiomes was in alkaline soils, suggesting a greater selective effect under alkali stress. Evaluation of soil chemical components showed that in addition to soil pH, cation exchange capacity also had a strong impact on shaping bulk soil microbial communities. This study extends our knowledge regarding the importance of pH to microbial ecology showing that root endosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities were also influenced by this soil component, and highlights the important role that plants play particularly in shaping the belowground microbiomes in alkaline soils.

Studies on compatibility of nitrogen fixation by high-temperature-adapted Rhizobium strains and Vigna radiata genotypes at two moisture levels in calcareous soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai ◽  
V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

SUMMARYRhizobium strains adapted to high temperature, and genotypes of green gram, were used to study the symbiotic N2-fixation in a summer season at two moisture levels in calcareous soil. Different interactions between strains and genotypes were observedatthe two moisture levels. At both moisture levels, strain S4 with the green gram genotype S8 showed the greatest grain yield, nitrogenase activity, leghaemoglobin and ethanolsoluble carbohydrate of nodules.

Incorporation of maize crop residue maintains soybean yield through the stimulation of nitrogen fixation rather than residue-derived nitrogen in Mollisols

2021 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 108269
Author(s):  
Zhihuang Xie ◽  
Yansheng Li ◽  
Zhenhua Yu ◽  
Guanghua Wang ◽  
Caixian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Stimulation Of

High-temperature-adaptedAzospirillum brasilensestrains: growth and interaction response on associative nitrogen fixation, mineral uptake and yield of cheena (Panicum miliaceumL.) genotypes in calcareous soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Associative Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

SummaryHigh-temperature-adapted strains RAU 1, RAU 2 and RAU 3 ofAzospirillum brasilenseC 7 were isolated from stepwise transfer to higher temperature (30 to 42 °C). One of the strains (RAU 1) showed more growth, greater nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities at 30 and 42 °C than parental and other temperature-adapted strains. This strain also showed growth and more nitrogenase activity from pH 6·5 to 8·0. Strain RAU 1 showed cross-resistance to penicillin (300/µg/ml) but not to streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin and polymixin B at 30 and 42 °C. It was demonstrated in field plots in calcareous soil that seed inoculation with RAU 1 enhanced mineral uptake of cheena. Inoculation with RAU 1 led to a significant increase in associative nitrogen fixation, dry weight of roots, grain and straw yield of cheena compared with the uninoculated control with or without applied N, but the effect of seed inoculation with high-temperature-adapted strains was variable with different genotypes of cheena.

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