High-temperature-adaptedAzospirillum brasilensestrains: growth and interaction response on associative nitrogen fixation, mineral uptake and yield of cheena (Panicum miliaceumL.) genotypes in calcareous soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Associative Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

SummaryHigh-temperature-adapted strains RAU 1, RAU 2 and RAU 3 ofAzospirillum brasilenseC 7 were isolated from stepwise transfer to higher temperature (30 to 42 °C). One of the strains (RAU 1) showed more growth, greater nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities at 30 and 42 °C than parental and other temperature-adapted strains. This strain also showed growth and more nitrogenase activity from pH 6·5 to 8·0. Strain RAU 1 showed cross-resistance to penicillin (300/µg/ml) but not to streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin and polymixin B at 30 and 42 °C. It was demonstrated in field plots in calcareous soil that seed inoculation with RAU 1 enhanced mineral uptake of cheena. Inoculation with RAU 1 led to a significant increase in associative nitrogen fixation, dry weight of roots, grain and straw yield of cheena compared with the uninoculated control with or without applied N, but the effect of seed inoculation with high-temperature-adapted strains was variable with different genotypes of cheena.

Studies on compatibility of nitrogen fixation by high-temperature-adapted Rhizobium strains and Vigna radiata genotypes at two moisture levels in calcareous soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai ◽  
V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

SUMMARYRhizobium strains adapted to high temperature, and genotypes of green gram, were used to study the symbiotic N2-fixation in a summer season at two moisture levels in calcareous soil. Different interactions between strains and genotypes were observedatthe two moisture levels. At both moisture levels, strain S4 with the green gram genotype S8 showed the greatest grain yield, nitrogenase activity, leghaemoglobin and ethanolsoluble carbohydrate of nodules.

Studies on associative nitrogen fixation by antibiotic-resistant mutants ofAzospirillum brasilensewith genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris)Rhizobiumstrains in calcareous soil

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Mutants

SummaryNitrosoguanidine-induced mutation frequencies for resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, erythromycin and novomycin were studied inAzospirillum brasilense.Lentil inoculated withA. brasilenseand its mutants andRhizobiumstrains produced increased nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity of nodules and roots and grain yield compared with an uninoculated control.

Studies on nitrogen fixation by antibiotic-resistant mutants ofAzospirillum brasilenseand their interaction with cheena (Panicum miliaceumL.) genotypes in calcareous soil

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Hydrogenase Activity ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mutant Strains

SUMMARYAzospirillum brasilense was treated with nitrosoguanidine and five antibiotic-resistant mutant strains isolated. Variations in growth, N2-fixation, ultraviolet-dark survival and level of antibiotic resistance were found between the mutant strains. Mutant strains STR 112 and KR 2051 showed maximum nitrogenase activity, glutamine synthetase activity and hydrogenase activity (H2uptake) at 32 °C and 40 °C respectively. Inoculation of cheena genotypes withA. brasilenseand its mutants led to significant increase in associative nitrogen fixation, dry weight of roots and grain yield compared with the uninoculated control, with significant strains × genotypes interactions in calcareous soil. It was also noted that under laboratory conditionsAzospirilluminoculation may have produced its response by hormonal means and/or associative N2-fixation.

Bidirectional Selection for Nitrogenase Activity and Shoot Dry Weight Among Late Generation Progenies of a Virginia x Spanish Peanut Cross1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arrendell ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
G. H. Elkan ◽  
T. J. Schneeweis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F2-derived families from a cross between the Virginia (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F2-derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F5 and F6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N2-fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ. It was hypothesized that selection for increased N2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.

Utility of Rhizobium in the phyllosphere of crop plants in nitrogen-free sand culture

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Nandi ◽  
B. Sengupta ◽  
S. P. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Inoculation Treatment

SUMMARYSoya bean, mung bean, Bengal gram and lentil grown in nitrogenless sand culture and sprayed with suspensions of different strains ofRhizobiumshowed increases in dry weight, chlorophyll and N-content. In a few cases the performance ofRhizobiumapplied to the phyllosphere was almost as good as a seed inoculation treatment. The beneficial effect of sprayingRhizobiumstrains was independent of the specificity of cross-inoculation groups. Nitrogenase activity as indicated by acetylene reduction by theRhizooium-leafassociation varied between 460 and 723 nmol/g leaf/h.

scholarly journals NODULE SENESCENCE AND BIOMASS COMPONENTS IN COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Fabián Fernández-Luqueño ◽  
David Espinosa-Victoria ◽  
Antonio Munive ◽  
Langen Corlay Chee ◽  
Luis M. Serrano-Covarrubias
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Nodule Senescence ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Growth Habits

Most legumes establish mutualistic symbiotic relationships with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), giving origin to nodules. Nodules exhibit natural or induced aging which coincides with the drop in nitrogenase activity at the flowering period or at the pod filling stage. In this research, the onset of nodule senescence (NS) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions in five common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of two growth habits, determined (Type I) and indeterminate (Type III), inoculated with Rhizobium etli CE-3. Weekly destructive samplings were taken to determine nitrogen fixation by the acetylene reduction assay, the number and fresh weight of nodules, as well as root and above ground biomass dry weight. It was found that NS in bean appears to be independent of host plant phenological stage (flowering or pod filling), the longer period the symbiotic system is fixing nitrogen the greater yield is obtained, and that the nodules number and fresh weight are reliable indicators of the nitrogen fixation capacity.

Interactions Between Growth, Phosphate Content and Nitrogen Fixation in Mycorrhizal and Non-Mycorrhizal Medicago sativa

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Smith ◽  
MJ Daft
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Nodulated Medicago sativa cv. Europe plants, both non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal (inoculated with Glomus mosseae), were grown in sand or soil with a range of phosphate levels. The following parameters were measured: intensity of mycorrhizal infection, intensity of nodulation, growth, phosphate content, nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) and nitrogen content. Both nodulation and mycorrhizal infection had occurred within 2 weeks of inoculation with the appropriate endophytes. Major increases in dry weight of mycorrhizal plants were not apparent until approximately 10 weeks from inoculation. However, mycorrhizal plants showed more extensive nodulation, coupled with higher rates of nitrogenase activity from 2 weeks onwards, and at the final (12-week) harvest had higher values of % N. Phosphate content of mycorrhizal plants (�g P/g dry wt) was also greater than non-mycorrhizal plants at 7 weeks. By 10 or 12 weeks, when significant mycorrhizal enhancement of growth was apparent, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus per mycorrhizal plant were also higher, but nitrogenase activity and phosphate content measured on a dry weight basis showed no significant differences between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. It is clear that mycorrhizal enhancement of phosphate uptake and nitrogen fixation precedes any effect on growth and the results indicate the importance of the time factor in the development of this tripartite symbiosis between legume, Rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungus.

scholarly journals Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities in relation to nitrogen fixation in Lotus spp.

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSANA GONNET ◽  
PEDRO DÍAZ
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonia Assimilation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti

Lotus corniculatus, L. tenuis, L. pedunculatus, and L. subbiflorus inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti NZP2037 strain were grown in a growth chamber. The plants dry weight (DW), the nodule fresh weight (FW), the nitrogenase activity, the nodule glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities, as well as the leghemoglobin content and the amino acid in the stem were measured 28 days after inoculation. The highest DW of plants was measured in L. tenuis and the highest FW of nodules was measured in L. pedunculatus. Nitrogenase activity in L. tenuis, L. pedunculatus and L. subbiflorus was six fold the activity in L. corniculatus. Nodule GS and GOGAT activities did not follow this same pattern. L. tenuis had the highest values of GS and GOGAT activities in the nodule, and a high nitrogenase activity which is consistent with its high plant DW. The four species of Lotus were compared and no correlation between nitrogen fixation parameters and ammonia assimilation enzymes was found, but the GS/GOGAT ratio has a positive and significant correlation (r²=0.82**) with the amino acid content in stems.

Effect of Leaf Removal on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Peanut1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Osman ◽  
J. C. Wynne ◽  
G. H. Elkan ◽  
T. J. Schneeweis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Defoliation Treatment ◽  
C 50

Abstract The effect of varying levels of leaf defoliation on the nodulation and nitrogen fixation of a Virginia and a spanish-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar was investigated in the greenhouse. Five leaf defoliation treatments - (a) control (no leaflet removal), (b) 25%, (c) 50%, (d) 75%, and (e) 100% - were carried out every 3 to 5 days throughout the growing period. All nitrogen fixation measurements were affected by the defoliation (leaflet removal) treatments. Increased leaf defoliation reduced nodule formation and N2 fixation. The reduction in plant dry weight, nodule number, nodule dry weight, and nitrogenase activity was most severe for the 100% defoliation treatment. Correlation coefficients (r) of N2 fixation measurements and leaf areas and weights were highly significant. The defoliation effect was similar in both experiments and cultivars; however, the Virginia type achieved higher values for all N2 fixation measurements.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Inoculation with Actinomycetes and Rhizobium Isolated from Indigenous Soybean and Rhizosphere on Nitrogen Fixation, Growth, and Yield of Soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Asmiaty Sahur ◽  
Ambo Ala ◽  
Baharuddin Patandjengi ◽  
Elkawakib Syam’un
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Free Media

The present study was initiated to determine whether isolates from soil and roots of soybean plants can express nitrogenase activity when grown in the absence of plant host. The study was conducted to answer the question “can benefit gained by” the interaction between Actinomycetes and Rhizobium symbiosis with legume. Thirty-five isolates identified as Rhizobium and twenty-one Actinomycetes were isolated from the rhizosphere of soybean plants and identified by morphological character, biochemical content identified. Fifty-six isolates were tested for their capabilities of N2fixation and siderophore production. The isolated rhizobacteria were grown in N-free media, and twelve of them showed a good growth on the Burk’s N-free media. Almost all strains produced siderophores; however, the production level was very low, and only the strain AK 10 released considerable amounts of this metabolite. One strain of Actinomycetes was selected to test their interactions with Rhizobium. Coinoculation of Actinomycetes and Rhizobium produced synergic benefits on plant growth and get protection from the production of siderophore.

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