The physiological basis for mixing varieties and seed ‘ages’ in potato crops

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Burstall ◽  
P. M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Early Planting ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Tuber Fresh Weight ◽  
Intercepted Radiation ◽  
Potato Crops

SUMMARYThree techniques designed to increase radiation interception, and thus yield, in potato crops by extending the duration of the crop canopy were investigated over a period of 2 years. These were: mixing contrasting varieties; mixing seed tubers of contrasting physiological ages of the same variety, and early planting with protection from frost.The first technique was partially successful; increases in total tuber fresh weight of the mixture over either of its components grown alone were recorded but the mixtures generally did not have any advantage in terms of ware yield (40–80 mm tubers) and total yield advantages were found in only 1 year. The second technique was unsuccessful in both years with all seven varieties tested. The third technique was successful with the long-lived variety Cara; large advantages both in ware yield and total tuber dry weight yield were obtained under two irrigation regimes. No advantages from early planting were obtained with the shorter-lived variety King Edward.Radiation interception was estimated for all treatments by means of relationships established between intercepted radiation and percentage ground cover. None of the three techniques increased radiation interception; the yield advantages obtained could be ascribed either to an increase in the proportion of assimilates allocated to tubers or possibly to improvements in the efficiency of use of intercepted radiation.

The Effects of Shifting Planting Dates and Mulching on Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) and Drought Stress of Potato Crops Grown under Tropical Highland Conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Devaux ◽  
A. J. Haverkort
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Intercepted Radiation ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYPotatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in central Africa are often grown between two rainy seasons to avoid late blight infection. The influence of planting date and setaria mulch treatment on soil temperature, soil humidity, late blight development, ground cover with green leaves, intercepted radiation and tuber yield of potato was studied in crops grown at 1850 m above sea level in Rwanda.The planting dates towards the end of the rainy season resulted in the best yields and these were considerably increased by mulching which retained soil moisture and reduced soil temperature so resulting in a better ground cover. Increased yields in the mulched plots seemed to be due to increased radiation interception rather than to better radiation use efficiency.

Witches' Broom disease of Lucerne. III. A greenhouse study on symptom expression and growth in relation to frequency of watering and cutting

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Helms
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The effects of frequency of watering and cutting on symptom expression and growth of witches' broom-diseased lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Clones of two strains of diseased lucerne and one clone of non-infected lucerne were given four treatment combinations of two rates of watering and two frequencies of cutting. The cultural treatments caused pronounced differences in the growth of diseased plants and small differences in the growth of non-infected plants. Symptoms of the two strains of witches' broom-diseased lucerne maintained their characteristic identities in all four treatments. For both strains, symptoms were consistently more severe in plants grown in soil of low moisture content and cut at intervals of 6 weeks rather than 12 weeks. In the spring some diseased plants of one strain, which were grown in soil of high moisture content and cut at 12-weekly intervals, showed partial masking of symptoms. A high mortality of diseased plants was associated with frequent cutting. The seasonal patterns of dry weight yield and moisture content were essentially the same for each cultural treatment and for both diseased and non-infected plants. The yield of non-infected plants was significantly greater than that of diseased plants. The total yield of all three clones was increased by cutting at 12-weekly intervals rather than at 6-weekly intervals. The greatest reduction in yield of diseased plants as compared with non-infected plants was in treatment combinations in which there was a low soil moisture and cutting was at 6-weekly intervals.

scholarly journals Weed suppression in the formation of brachiarias under three sowing methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Lima ◽  
P.C. Timossi ◽  
D.P. Almeida ◽  
U.R. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Factor C

The success of conservation systems such as no-till depends on adequate soil cover throughout the year, which is possible through the use of cover crops. For this purpose the species belonging to the genus Urochloa has stood out by virtue of its hardiness and tolerance to drought. Aiming ground cover for the no-till system, the objective was to evaluate the establishment of two species of the genus Urochloa, in three sowing methods, in the weed suppression and the sensitivity of these forages to glyphosate. The study design was a randomized block with a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, in which factor A was composed of Urochloa ruziziensis and Urochloa hybrid CIAT 36087 cv. Mulato II, factor B was formed by sowing methods: sown without embedding, sown with light embedding and sown in rows, and factor C was composed of three doses of glyphosate (0.975, 1.625 and 2.275 kg ha-1 of acid equivalent). For determination of weed suppression, assessment of biomass yield and soil cover was performed, by brachiaria and weeds, at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 258 days after sowing. Visual assessment of the desiccation efficiency at 7 and 14 days after herbicide application was performed. It is concluded that embedding Urochloa seeds stands out in relation to sowing in the soil surface. Urochloa ruziziensis is more efficient in the dry weight yield, weed suppression, in addition to being more sensitive to glyphosate herbicide.

scholarly journals The Physiological Basis for Yield Differences between Four Genotypes of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Response to Drought. II. Solar Radiation Interception and Leaf Movement

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Matthews ◽  
D. Harris ◽  
J. H. Williams ◽  
R. C. Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Central India ◽  
Leaf Movement ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation ◽  
Intercepted Radiation ◽  
Radiation Avoidance

SUMMARYFour genotypes of groundnut grown with limited irrigation during the post-rainy season in Central India produced similar amounts of dry matter per unit of intercepted solar radiation (e) before pod-filling, although different e values were observed during pod-filling. The relation between cumulative transpiration and intercepted radiation was similar for all genotypes. When drought became severe, fractional radiation interception (f) was reduced by folding of leaves, with little decrease in leaf area (L). The ratio f/√L was used as an index of the degree of leaf folding and was correlated with leaf water potential. The degree of folding varied with genotype and may have contributed to the observed differences in e and the dry matter:water ratio (q). The genotype EC76446(292) had the smallest q and largest f/√L ratio (the poorest radiation avoidance), while Kadiri 3 had the largest q and smallest value of f/√L.

scholarly journals Early and Total Yield Enhancement of the Globe Artichoke Using an Ecofriendly Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulant and PK Fertilizer

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Gehan A. Elsharkawy ◽  
H. A. H. Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa H. Salah ◽  
Mohammad Akrami ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

This study evaluated the effect of phosphorus and potassium (PK) fertilizer levels and foliar seaweed extract on early and total yield productivity and the growth of globe artichoke plants. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons on loamy–clay soil at the vegetable research farm, of the Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt. Fertilizer levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75 mL L−1, and seaweed extract concentrations of 0, 5 and 10 mg L−1, individually and in combination, were used. Globe artichoke plants treated with PK liquid fertilizer, with and without seaweed extract, showed critical increases in growth (plant height and number of leaves per plant as well as foliage dry weight), yield, and some chemical constituents compared to untreated plants. The PK3 fertilizer level and 10 mL L−1 seaweed extract as a foliar spray showed greater effects than other combinations.

Factors affecting the magnesium nutrition of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. ALLISON ◽  
J. H. FOWLER ◽  
E. J. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Potato Production ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Tuber Fresh Weight ◽  
Potato Crops

Between 1995 and 1999, eight response experiments tested the effects of magnesium (Mg) fertilizers on the yield of potato crops grown in East Anglia, the Midlands, the West and Southwest of England. In addition, a further six experiments tested the effects of varying nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) supply on the tuber concentrations and uptake of Mg by potato crops. The experiments were done on soils that contained varying amounts of exchangeable Mg and K but were still typical of soils used for potato production.In the eight response experiments, use of Mg fertilizer had no effect on total tuber fresh weight yield even though yields were often much larger than the national average yield. Increasing the N supply to the crop was often associated with an increase in the concentration of Mg in leaves and stems. This may have been due to N facilitating Mg uptake or a consequence of N delaying canopy senescence and, thus, delaying the translocation of Mg from haulm to tubers. Compared with the effects of N, varying the Mg and K supply to the crop had small and inconsistent effects on crop Mg uptake. Since the experiments also showed that Ca supply and soil K[ratio ]Mg ratio had no effect on crop yield and erratic effects on tissue Mg concentration, fertilizer recommendation systems based on ratios of nutrients in the soil cannot be endorsed. When these current experiments and older, published experiments are taken into account there is little justification for applying Mg fertilizer to soils with Mg Indices > 0 and on soils with Mg Index 0 an application of c. 50 kg Mg/ha would be sufficient.

Number of kernels in wheat crops and the influence of solar radiation and temperature

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Intercepted Solar Radiation ◽  
Intercepted Radiation ◽  
Increasing Temperature

SUMMARYThe number of kernels per m2 (K) in well managed and watered wheat crops was studied using results of experiments in Mexico and Australia in which short spring wheat cultivars were subjected to independent variation in radiation, largely via artificial shading, and in temperature. Also crops subjected to differences in weather (year), sowing date and location within Mexico, revealed responses to the natural and simultaneous variation which occurs in radiation and temperature. Responses in K were interpreted in terms of spike dry weight at anthesis (g/m2) and number of kernels per unit of spike weight.K was linearly and most closely related to incident solar radiation in the 30 days or so preceding anthesis, herein termed the spike growth period; for the cultivar Yecora 70 with full ground cover the slope was 19 kernels/MJ. This response seemed largely due to a linear response of crop growth rate to intercepted solar radiation. The proportion of dry weight increase partitioned to the spike increased somewhat with reduced radiation. Also increasing temperature in the range 14–22 °C during this period reduced K (slope approximately 4% per CC at 15 °C). The cause appeared to be lower spike dry weight due to accelerated development. The number of kernels per unit spike weight at anthesis was little affected by radiation or temperature, and averaged 78±2/g for the cultivar Yecora 70.With natural variation in radiation and temperature, K was closely and linearly correlated with the ratio of mean daily incident or intercepted radiation to mean temperature above 4·5 °C in the 30 days preceding anthesis. As this ratio, termed the photothermal quotient, increased from 0·5 to 2·0 MJ/m2/day/degree, K increased from 70 to 196 × 102/m2. These responses of K to weather, sowing date and location were closely associated with variation in spike dry weight.It was concluded that the ratio of solar radiation to temperature could be very useful for estimating K in wheat crop models. Also the analysis of K determination in terms of spike dry weight appeared promising, and suggests that wheat physiologists should place greater emphasis on the growth period immediately before anthesis.

scholarly journals Sulfur application alleviates chromium stress in maize and wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1093-1104
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kulczycki ◽  
Elżbieta Sacała
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Chromium Stress

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the influence of increasing doses of chromium (Cr) (26, 39, and 52 mg kg−1 soil) and elemental sulfur (S) (60 mg kg−1 soil) on growth, yield, and mineral nutrition in wheat and maize. Macro- and micronutrients and Cr concentrations were determined in the aboveground parts of plants. All examined doses of Cr caused a marked decrease in the fresh and dry weight of maize. Wheat was more tolerant than maize, and lower Cr doses caused a small but statistically significant increase in the total yield. Wheat accumulated more than twofold Cr than maize, and the concentrations increased with higher Cr concentrations in the soil. The application of S significantly improved the total biomass production and lowered the Cr content in both plants. Cr changed the mineral nutrition in both cereals, but the pattern of changes observed was not the same. Applying S alleviated some adverse effects caused by the Cr. Hence, it is concluded that the application of elemental S may be an effective strategy to reduce adverse effects in plants grown on soil contaminated by heavy metals, especially Cr.

Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 2225-2233
Author(s):  
M. O. Agba ◽  
◽  
A. A. Markson ◽  
J. O. Oni ◽  
G. A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Essential Food

Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible mushroom is an essential food product. Recognised as one of the cheapest sources of proteins, their high nutritional and anti-nutritional properties are of immense importance to humans. The present study evaluated the effect of sawdust and dried plantain leaves on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. Sawdust and dried plantain leaves were composted into seven substrates; as single substrates and at different combinations. The composted substrates include sawdust 100 % (M0), Dry plantain leaves 100% (M1), Dry plantain leaves + sawdust at the ratio of 1:4 (M2), 2:3 (M3), 3:2 (M4), 1:1 (M5) and 4:1(M6). Growth parameters of interest assessed flush include mycelia running rate (MRR), area of pileus, length of the stipe, the girth of the stipe, fresh weight and dry weight, number of fruit body, total yield and biological efficiency. At the end of the three weeks spawn running period, M0 was overall best in supporting mycelia running rate with a mean MRR of 16.00 cm. M1 substrates produced mushroom with longer and bigger stipes (7.17 cm) at the first flush. A higher number of fruit bodies (82.66), total yield (130.35 g), and biological efficiency (43.45 g) were all seen in M0 substrates. Sawdust at 100 % (M0) proved to be the best substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Levels (NaCl) on Yield, Yield Components and Quality Content of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Helale Bahrami ◽  
Amir Ostadi Jafari ◽  
Jamshid Razmjoo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Salinity Levels

<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Seeds of ten sesame cultivars (Karaj, Darab, Safiabad, Jiroft, Borazjan, Yellow-white, Felestin, Ultan, Isfahan and Abpakhsh) were sown into soil filled pots in 2008 and 2009. Pots were watered with six levels of salts (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m<sup>-1</sup> NaCl) until full maturity. Plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of cultivars were measured. Increasing salinity caused significant reduction in plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of all cultivars. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. Based on seed oil yield data, Safiabad and Kraj at 0.0038ds.m<sup>-1</sup>, Safiabad and Ultan at 4.89ds.m<sup>-1</sup>, Ultan, Safiabad and Darab at 8.61 salinity levels were the superior cultivars. High variability in tolerance to salinity among the tested sesame cultivars suggests that selection of more salt tolerant cultivars for planting or breeding purposes is possible.</span></p><p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Highlights</span></p><p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Effects of contrasting salinity levels (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m<sup>-1</sup>NaCl) on sesame cultivars were tested. Salinity reduced plant growth and yield and seed oil and protein contents. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. </span></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document