Effect of seed rate and application of N fertilizer on grain yield and N uptake of rice under intermediate deepwater conditions (15–50 cm)

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Reddy ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
M. M. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater ◽  
Panicle Weight ◽  
Tiller Mortality

SUMMARYIn an intermediate deepwater (15–50 cm) situation, the number of tillers increased with increase of nitrogen fertilizer from 0 to 40 and 80 kg/ha and of seed rate from 100 to 200, 300 and 400 seeds/m2. The tiller mortality due to higher water depth was higher under no-N treatment and under higher seed rates. The number of panicles and grain yield increased significantly with increase in N. Similarly, an increase in the seed rate increased the number of panicles and decreased the number of grains per panicle and panicle weight. The grain yields of the different seed rates were similar. The interaction between N levels and seed rates was not significant.

Comparisons between the establishment, growth and yield of winter wheat on three clay soils, in experiments testing nitrogen fertilizer in combination with aphicide and fungicides, from 1980 to 1982

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Darby ◽  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
M. V. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Sharp Eyespot

SummaryFrom 1980 to 1982 fungicide and aphioide sprays were tested in factorial combination with four amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, applied in one or two dressings to winter wheat, on three contrasting clay soils. These experiments were at Hexton (Burwell series) in Hertfordshire, at Billington (Evesham series) and at Maulden (Hanslope series) in Bedfordshire, following a 2–year break, an all-cereal rotation, and continuous wheat respectively. The nitrogen dressings were calculated after taking into account mineral N in the soil. In 1981 and 1982 soil density was measured by penetrometer. This showed compaction in soil at Maulden 28 cm deep which caused waterlogging in spring; this delayed growth which was not made good later.At Hexton a small seed rate was used; plant losses during winter were proportionally larger than elsewhere. At Billington, the maximum number of stems occurred in March and elsewhere in April. Despite these differences in seed rate and number of plants, number of ears varied little, and each year the wheat at Hexton accumulated dry matter most rapidly. The growth rate there ranged from 20·0 to 21·8 g/m2/day during the linear growth phase as compared with 14·4 to 16·6 g/m2/day at the other two sites. Giving N in two dressings rather than in one increased dry-matter yield at all sites in May, but later this benefit remained static and so became a smaller proportion of the total. Fungicides increased post-anthesis dry-matter yield by 0·75 t/ha, most of which was incorporated in the grain.Mean grain yields from 1980 to 1982 where nitrogen fertilizer was given were 9·86 t/ha at Hexton, 7·88 t/ha at Billington and 6–91 t/ha at Maulden. Additional nitrogen fertilizer always increased grain yield when fungicides and aphicides were given, but not where they were not. Grain yields in excess of 10 t/ha were achieved with numbers of ears ranging between 360 and 435/m2. The components of yield showed that grain yield was related to the number of grains per ear and 1000·grain weight, but not number of ears. Grain weight was increased by 3·1 mg by the fungicides.The fungicides controlled the diseases eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpolrichoides), Septoria spp. and yellow and brown rust (Pucdnia striiformis and P. recondita) where they occurred, but even where these diseases were absent or at very low levels the fungicides significantly increased grain yield. At Billington and Maulden take-all (Qaeumannomyces graminis) infected between 44 and 90% of the plants and sharp eyespot (Rhizoctonia cerealis) infected from < 1 to 20% of the stems because the wheat followed cereals. Yields of straw behind the combine-harvester were from 50 to 70% of those obtained from sheaves cut at ground level.

Effects of Sowing Date, Nitrogen and Seed Rate on Wheat Yields in the Sudan Gezira

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Sudan Gezira

SUMMARYA three-year study of the effects of sowing date, nitrogen application and seed rate on wheat showed that sowing in mid-October gave consistently greater grain yields than sowing in mid-September or mid-November because grains were larger and more numerous per head. Nitrogen increased yields but the effect decreased with later sowing. Nitrogen probably increased grain yield by increasing the number of ears, but this effect diminished with higher levels of nitrogen. Grain yield was only slightly influenced by seed rate, and the interaction of seed rate with sowing date or nitrogen was unimportant.

Results from factorial experiments testing amounts and times of granular N-fertilizer, late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer and fungicides to control mildew and brown rust on two varieties of spring barley at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1975–8

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Average Rainfall

SUMMARYExperiments with spring barley at Saxmundham, in each year from 1975 to 1978, compared two varieties (Julia v Wing), two amounts of granular N-fertilizer (50 v 100kg N/ha) and two times of applying it (seed bed v top-dressing), a liquid N-fertilizer spray (0 v 50 kg N/ha), mildew fungicides (with and without) and a rust fungicide (with and without), in factorial combination (26).Leaf diseases were assessed and grain weighed and analysed for % N each year. Thousand-grain weights were measured in 1977 and 1978.Yields were small in 1975 and 1976 because little rain fell in summer, but larger in 1977 and 1978, years with average rainfall.Mildew was most severe in 1975 and least in 1978, brown rust most severe in 1975 and 1978 and practically absent in 1976. Granular N-fertilizer was best applied to the seed bed in all years, whether or not leaf diseases were controlled. Late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer increased yield less than equivalent amounts of seed-bed N, but increased % N in grain more. However, because they also decreased grain size, less of the N applied as a liquid was recovered by grain than was recovered from granules given earlier. The mildew fungicides increased yields by ca. 0·25 t/ha in 1975 and 1977, but decreased them in 1976. They had little or no effect on % N in grain, but increased grain size in 1977. The rust fungicide, benodanil, increased grain yields each year and especially in 1978 (0·37 t/ha). It had no effect on grain % N, but consistently increased grain size and so enhanced grain yield and N uptake.

Efficiency of fall-banded urea for spring wheat production in Manitoba: Influence of application date, landscape position and fertilizer additives

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. D. Tiessen ◽  
D. N. Flaten ◽  
C. A. Grant ◽  
R. E. Karamanos ◽  
M. H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Early Fall

A 2-yr study was conducted to investigate the effects of application date, landscape position and a urease and nitrification inhibited formulation of urea on the efficiency of fall-banded N fertilizer under Manitoba conditions. To date, no studies have investigated how these factors interact to influence the efficiency of fall-banded N in western Canada. The effects of landscape position were apparent at three of the four sites, with significantly greater grain yields, straw yields and total recovery of N in the high landscape positions than in the low landscape positions. In the high landscape positions, there were no significant differences in crop response or recovered N among application dates in the fall and spring. However, in the low landscape positions, grain yields, grain yield increases and apparent recovered fertilizer N in the aboveground portion of the crop and in the soil (0–120 cm) were significantly greater for spring and late fall applications, when compared with early and mid-fall applications. At one site in the first year of the study, early fall-banded N with the urease and nitrification inhibitors produced greater increases in grain yield than early fall-banded N without the inhibitors in the low landscape positions. However, overall there was little agronomic benefit to the use of the additives, as there were few significant differences in crop yields or N uptake by the crop with the inhibitors than without, in either year or landscape position. The results demonstrate that selection of suitable timing for application of fertilizer N to optimize crop yields is much more critical for poorly drained areas within a field, or for poorly drained fields, than for better drained land. Key words: Fall-banded N, spring-banded N, landscape position, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), Dicyandiamide (DCD), wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Nitrogen rate and timing effects on growth and yield of drill-sown rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Dunn ◽  
T. S. Dunn ◽  
B. A. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact

Eight rice experiments were established at two sites in the Riverina district of south-eastern Australia in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons. Two semi-dwarf rice varieties were drill-sown and nitrogen (N) fertiliser (urea) was applied at different rates at the 4-leaf stage before permanent water (pre-PW) and at panicle initiation (PI). The research assessed the impact of timing of N application on grain yield, compared the apparent N recovery of N fertiliser applied at the two stages, and determined an application strategy for N to obtain consistently high grain yields for current, semi-dwarf rice varieties when drill-sown. The apparent N recoveries achieved were 59% for N applied pre-PW and 25% for N applied at PI, averaged across years, sites, varieties and N rates. Grain yield increased significantly with increased rate of N applied at both stages, but the rate of increase from N applied at PI decreased as the rate of N applied pre-PW increased. The grain yield increase for N applied pre-PW was due to increased number of panicles at maturity and increased number of florets per panicle. Nitrogen applied at PI increased dry matter at maturity and number of florets per panicle. Application of N at PI increased grain yield over that when no N was applied; however, at low PI N-uptake levels, application of N at PI is not enough to achieve high grain yields. Therefore, sufficient N should be available to the crop from a combination of soil- and pre-PW-applied N for the crop to reach a level of N uptake at PI whereby high yields can be achieved. Nitrogen applied at PI did not appear to increase the potential for cold-induced floret sterility as much as pre-PW-applied N. Further research is required to confirm this in other seasons and for other rice varieties.

Effect of varying seed rates and transplanting clonal tillers on the performance of rice under intermediate deepwater conditions (0–80 cm)

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Gradual Accumulation ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater ◽  
Panicle Weight

SUMMARYUnder intermediate deepwater conditions (0–80 cm) at Cuttack, India, direct sowing of the semi-tall rice variety Utkalprabha with 200–800 seeds/m2 produced similar yields in 1989 when heavy rainfall (105 mm) after sowing resulted in more than 50% germination, followed by the gradual accumulation of water in the field. However, in 1990, which was characterized by drought in the initial stages, leading to poor germination (35–40%), followed by a sudden accumulation of water, the crops sown at 200 seeds/m2 produced a significantly lower grain yield than those sown at higher seed rates. Higher seed rates increased plant height, tillers/m2 and panicles/m2 but the associated decrease in panicle weight resulted in similar grain yield production. There was no decrease in the yield of crops sown at all seed rates in 1989 and at > 400 seeds/m2 in 1990 when clonal tillers were removed after 60 days to transplant either the equivalent of or double the uprooted plot area. The loss due to decrease in panicles/m2 with the removal of clonal tillers was compensated for by the resulting increase in panicle weight. The crop planted from clonal tillers produced a significantly higher grain yield than that planted from seedlings of equivalent age raised in a nursery seed-bed with or without fertilizer application. Furthermore, the clonal-propagated crop tolerated simulated flash-flooding better at the early vegetative stage, measured by less tiller mortality and relatively higher dry matter production than in the crop raised from nursery seedlings. Therefore, planting with clonal tillers uprooted from a well-established direct-sown crop is recommended under excess water conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of water regimes and plant densities on cowpea production1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinete Martins de Sousa Monteiro ◽  
Edson Alves Bastos ◽  
Milton José Cardoso ◽  
Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Valdenir Queiroz Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Cowpea has been cultivated in a rudimentary form in the main producing regions of Brazil, resulting in lower grain yields, when compared to the crop potential. The use of technologies such as water regimes, adequate plant density and soil management are alternatives to increase this crop yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different water regimes and plant densities on the yield components of cowpea cultivated under conventional and no-tillage systems. A randomized block design in a split-plot factorial, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of five water regimes in the plots (157.00 mm, 189.00 mm, 234.00 mm, 274.00 mm and 320.00 mm) and five plant densities as subplots (12 plants m-2, 16 plants m-2, 20 plants m-2, 24 plants m-2 and 28 plants m-2). The evaluated variables were: number of pods per plant, number of pods per area, pod length and grain yield. The combination between 270 mm of irrigation water depth with a density of 280,000 plants ha-1 resulted in higher grain yield using the no-tillage system, while the combination between the density of 280,000 plants ha-1 and 320 mm of water depth favored the highest grain yields in the conventional growing system.

Impact of lupins, grazed or ungrazed subterranean clover,stubble retention, and lime on soil nitrogen supplyand wheat nitrogen uptake, grain yields, and grain protein

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. McGhie ◽  
D. P. Heenan ◽  
D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Total Soil N

Soil nitrogen (N), N uptake, and wheat production in relation to rotation with wheat, lupin,or subterranean clover, mulched or grazed, were examined on a red earth at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. Data over 4 years (1992{95) are presented from a long-term trial commenced in 1979. The effects of the various rotations on wheat productivity changed with seasonal rainfall duringthe wheat and the previous legume growing year. Generally, low rainfall (1991 and 1994) during thelegume growing season resulted in lower N uptake, grain protein, and grain yield by wheat grown ina following season. The addition of N fertiliser (100 kg N/ha) to continuous wheat increased soil N supply, N uptake, grain yield, and grain protein. Yields from continuously cropped wheat fertilisedwith N were usually lower than those after a lupin growing season, although total soil N levels weresimilar. Subterranean clover produced higher total soil N and grain protein than lupin but yields werenormally less. Lodging and take-all diseases were higher after a growing season with subterraneanclover than after lupins and most likely reduced grain yields. Grazing, as opposed to mowing andmulching subterranean clover, increased soil total N, grain protein, and usually soil mineral N, butnot grain yield. The addition of lime at 1·5 t/ha raised the soil pH(CaCl2) (0-10 cm) of the mostacidified treatment, continuously cropped wheat fertilised with N, from 4·04 to a mean of 4·7, andincreased yields and N uptake in 1993 and 1995.

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