Ovine ill-thrift in Nova Scotia:II. The production of antibiotics by fungi isolated from forest and marshland soil

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
M. M. Hoehn
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Fungal Populations

SUMMARYThree hundred and seventy-six isolates, or about 9% of the cultures collected in 1967 and 1968 from soil of permanent pasture, that, prior to 1883, supported mixed conifer and deciduous forest, were cultivated in the laboratory. Antibiotic production was detected in 27% of the cultures. Similarly, 329 isolates, or 9% of those collected in the same period from soil of permanent pasture reclaimed from tidal marsh, were grown in the laboratory and antibiotics detected in 30%. The forest soil, because it was already known to have a denser fungal population, thus had a greater antibiotic production potential than the marshland soil. There was a small increase in the number of isolates from the forest soil that produced antibiotics when those obtained in the spring were compared to those collected in the autumn. The opposite relationship was found when the marshland isolates from the two seasons were similarly compared. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fungal populations of these soils are a parameter in the aetiology of the ill-thrift that is found in ruminants at Nappan, Nova Scotia.

Ovine ill-thrift in Nova Scotia:I. The possible regulation of the rumen flora in sheep by the fungal flora of permanent pasture

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
F. W. Calder ◽  
T. M. MacIntyre ◽  
A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Ewe Lambs

SUMMARYThe growth of ewe lambs of the Shropshire breed declined and in some cases ceased at the end of July, when they grazed permanent pastures at the Experimental Farm, Nappan, Nova Scotia. This decline in growth coincided with a decrease of about three orders of magnitude in the numbers of viable rumen bacteria. At the end of July an increase of one to two orders of magnitude was observed in the numbers of viable fungi collected from the pastures. Lambs grazing pastures developed from tidal marsh of the Bay of Fundy had a better growth performance than lambs grazing adjacent pastures developed from mixed conifer-deciduous forest. The forest soils supported a greater fungal population than the marshland soil, and several species were found predominantly on the forest soil.

The antibiotic activity of cultures from fungal spores collected by a spore trap on permanent pasture

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
A. Taylor ◽  
M. M. Hoehn
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

The air and herbage fungal flora of permanent pasture at Nappan, Nova Scotia, has been sampled by means of a mobile spore trap during the spring, summer, and fall of 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, and 1972. In 1968 and 1972 a random sample of the isolates collected was grown in the laboratory and the cultures obtained screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae. In 1967, 1968, and 1972 about 25% of the isolates tested produced metabolites that were inhibitory to growth. The summer efflorescence observed in all 5 years was not accompanied by a corresponding surge of antibiotic-producing organisms, except in the early summer and fall. Five of the six most commonly found species, when collected in the fall, were more likely to produce antibiotics than the same species isolated in the spring and early summer. This changing faculty of this fungal population to produce antibiotics as the season advances was observed whether bacteria, fungi, or algae were used as test organisms. The results appear to provide experimental evidence for the utility of antibiotic production for survival.

EFFECT OF SEED DIFFUSATES ON FUNGAL POPULATION AND GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS / EFECTO DE EXTRACTOS DE SEMILLAS SOBRE LA POBLACION DE HONGOS Y LA GERMINACION DE SEMILLAS DEL GIRASOL / EFFET DES EXTRAITS DE SEMENCE SUR LA POPULATION DE CHAMPIGNONS ET SUR LA GERMINATION DES GRAINES DE TOURNESOL

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauf Bhutta ◽  
M.H. Rahber Bhatti ◽  
Ahmad Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Safe Control

SUMMARYAll four seed diffusates used for treatment of sunflower seeds, Azadirachtaindica, Capsicum annuum, Coriandrum sativum and Eugenia jambulana, reduced the populations of seed-borne fungi: Alternaria alternata, Drechslera tetramera, Emericellopsis terricola, Fusarium moniliforme, F.semitectum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Phoma oleracea. Of four seed diffusates, those from A.indica and C.sativum controlled the fungal populations almost 100%. Seed germination was increased in seed samples of both sunflower cultivars under study, HO-1 and NK-212. The obtained results indicate that seed diffusates could substitute costly chemicals for safe control of seed-borne diseases, protecting at the same time the environment from chemical pollution.

scholarly journals Actinoplanes subglobosus sp. nov., isolated from mixed deciduous forest soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 4850-4855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wipaporn Ngaemthao ◽  
Suwanee Chunhametha ◽  
Chanwit Suriyachadkun
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Mixed Deciduous Forest

The use of waveform lidar to measure northern temperate mixed conifer and deciduous forest structure in New Hampshire

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Anderson ◽  
M.E. Martin ◽  
M-L. Smith ◽  
R.O. Dubayah ◽  
M.A. Hofton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Waveform Lidar

Ovine ill-thrift in Nova Scotia. 4. The survival at low oxygen partial pressure of fungi isolated from the contents of the ovine rumen

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
J. M. Duncan ◽  
S. Safe ◽  
A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Mucor Rouxii ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Partial Pressures

Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor rouxii, and Sporormia minima have been isolated from the rumen contents of sheep grazing permanent pasture at Nappan, Nova Scotia. To determine the ability of these fungi to survive and grow at the low oxygen partial pressure present in the rumen, a method of determination of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide has been developed. The lowest partial pressures of oxygen [Formula: see text] and nitrogen that could be detected were 0.0005 cm Hg and the precision of the determination was ±0.001 cm Hg. Carbon dioxide was determined with slightly less precision than achieved for oxygen and nitrogen. Using this method, respiration was detected in cultures of all the fungi named at [Formula: see text] Hg and growth was observed at [Formula: see text] Hg in the case of M. rouxii. It is concluded that all these fungi are capable of survival in the ovine rumen.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Three Strains of a Novel Rhizobiales Species Isolated from Forest Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Pold ◽  
Marcel Huntemann ◽  
Manoj Pillay ◽  
Natalia Mikhailova ◽  
Dimitrios Stamatis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Temperate Deciduous

ABSTRACT Three strains of a novel Rhizobiales species were isolated from temperate deciduous forest soil in central Massachusetts. Their genomes consist of 9.09 to 10.29 Mb over 3 to 4 scaffolds each and indicate that diverse nitrogenous compounds are used by these organisms.

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