Preliminary studies on urinary excretion of purine derivatives and creatinine in yaks

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. LONG ◽  
S. K. DONG ◽  
X. B. CHEN ◽  
E. R. ØRSKOV ◽  
Z. Z. HU
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Field experiments were conducted at the farm of Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, China during 1996/97 to determine the effects of level of food intake on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD), creatinine and nitrogen in yaks (Bos grunniens). Two experiments were carried out with three female yaks (initial body weight 173–187 kg, age 5 years). For Expt 1 a 3×3 Latin square experimental design was used with three levels of oat hay (nitrogen 13·5 g/kg dry matter (DM)) intake treatments, i.e. 0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 of voluntary intake (1·3–3·5 kg DM/d). Each treatment lasted for 17 days and the samples were collected during the last 7 days of each period. For Expt 2 the animals were fed the same oat hay as in Expt 1 for 3 weeks at a level equivalent to the estimated energy maintenance requirement (M) (1·5–2·2 kg DM/d). The intake was then reduced to 0·6 M on day 1, 0·3 M on day 2 and zero from day 3 until day 10. The animals were re-fed in the reverse order for 3 days. Of the PD, only allantoin and uric acid were present in the urine. The proportions of allantoin and uric acid were 0·86 and 0·14 respectively for both experiments. There was no response of creatinine and nitrogen excretions to feed intake. The rates of PD excretion per kg digestible organic matter (DOM) or digestible dry matter (DDM) were 13·5 and 13·6 mmol respectively. As expected, urinary PD excretion increased significantly (P<0·001) with increasing intake of DDM and DOM. The daily fasting PD, creatinine and nitrogen excretions amounted to 0·22±0·02 (S.E.), 0·25±0·01 mmol/kg W0·75 and 314±24·2 mg/kg W0·75 respectively. The results suggest that it is possible to establish a method for estimating intestinal microbial protein flow based on PD excretion in yaks.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of purine derivatives and tissue xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) activity in buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) with special reference to differences between buffaloes and Bos taurus cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
L. Samaraweera ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
H. Abeygunawardene
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractThe urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was measured in six buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) during fasting and in fourteen buffaloes given four restricted levels of roughage (2·5-4·8 kg DM/d). Only allantoin and uric acid, not xanthine and hypoxanthine, were present in the urine, the pattern of excretion being similar to that in cattle. The fasting PD excretion amounted to 0·20 (SD 0·06) mmol/kg metabolic weight (W0·75) per d, and the rate of PD excretion as a linear function of feed intake was 5·2 mmol/kg digestible organic matter intake. Both values were considerably lower than the values for cattle reported in the literature. Creatinine excretion values were 0·33 (SD 0·06) and 0·44 (SD 0·09) mmol/kg W0.75 per d determined in fasting and feeding periods respectively. Fasting N excretion was 257 (SD 49) mg N/kg W0.75 per d. Both creatinine and fasting N excretions were also lower than in cattle. The activities of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) in plasma, liver and intestinal mucosa were determined in buffaloes, cattle and sheep. Xanthine oxidase activities in buffaloes were 24·5 (SD 2·7) unit/l plasma and 0·44 (SD 0·02) and 0·31 (SD 0·10) unit/g fresh tissue in liver and intestinal mucosa respectively. These activities were higher than those in cattle and sheep. Xanthine oxidase was practically absent from plasma and intestine of sheep. It is suggested that the differences in PD excretion between buffaloes and cattle were probably due to the smaller proportion of plasma PD that was disposed of in the urine of buffaloes.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an index of microbial protein synthesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhai Guerouali ◽  
Youssef El Gass ◽  
Joaquim Balcells ◽  
Alvaro Belenguer ◽  
John Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Gut Mucosa

Five experiments were carried out to extend knowledge of purine metabolism in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and to establish a model to enable microbial protein outflow from the forestomachs to be estimated from the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; i.e. xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, allantoin). In experiment 1, four camels were fasted for five consecutive days to enable endogenous PD excretion in urine to be determined. Total PD excretion decreased during the fasting period to 267 (se 41·5)?μmol/kg body weight (W)0·75 per d. Allantoin and xanthine+hypoxanthine were consistently 86 and 6·1?% of total urinary PD during this period but uric acid increased from 3·6?% to 7·4?%. Xanthine oxidase activity in tissues (experiment 2) was (μmol/min per g fresh tissue) 0·038 in liver and 0·005 in gut mucosa but was not detected in plasma. In experiment 3, the duodenal supply of yeast containing exogenous purines produced a linear increase in urinary PD excretion rate with the slope indicating that 0·63 was excreted in urine. After taking account of endogenous PD excretion, the relationship can be used to predict purine outflow from the rumen. From the latter prediction, and also the purine:protein ratio in bacteria determined in experiment 5, we predicted the net microbial outflow from the rumen. In experiment 4, with increasing food intake, the rate of PD excretion in the urine increased linearly by about 11·1?mmol PD/kg digestible organic matter intake (DOMI), equivalent to 95?g microbial protein/kg DOMI.

Urinary excretion of allantoin and allantoin precursors by sheep after different rates of purine infusion into the duodenum

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J. Gasa
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Purine Bases ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Energy Maintenance

SUMMARYTwo experiments were carried out to determine endogenous losses and the response of urinary purine derivatives to increased duodenal inputs of purine bases. Four ewes each fitted with a re-entrant cannula at the proximal duodenum, and conventionally fed, were subjected to full replacement of duodenal digesta followed by the administration of a solution either free of purines (Expt 1) or enriched with increasing amounts of purines, to supply 0·48–21·27 mmol/animal per day (Expt 2). Basal daily urinary excretions of allantoin, uric acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine were 11·5 ± 0·94, 9·9 ± 0·67, 6·9 ± 0·46 and 1·2 ±0·16 mg/kg W0·75. Allantoin was the only purine derivative which increased in response to incremental inputs of duodenal purines. The relationship between allantoin excretion and infused purines showed a urinary recovery of 0·8 for purines infused at > 220 μmol/kg W0·76. Lower rates of infusion did not alter allantoin excretion. The results show urinary allantoin to be a useful index to estimate duodenal input of purines when animals are fed close to or above their energy maintenance requirements.

scholarly journals Excretion of endogenous and exogenous purine derivatives in sheep: effect of increased concentrate intake

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Pérez ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. A. Cebrián ◽  
S. M. Martín-Orúe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Marker System ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

The present study examined the endogenous urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD; allantoin, uric acid and xanthine plus hypoxanthine) in fed animals. Four Rasa Aragonesa ewes fitted with simple cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used. Animals were given a lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay diet, as sole feed (A) or supplemented, respectively, with 220 (B), 400 (C), and 550 (D) g rolled barley grain/d following a 4 × 4 random factorial design. Duodenal flow of purine bases (PB) was determined by the dual-phase marker system. 15N was infused continuously into the rumen to label exogenous or microbial PB. Duodenal PB flow and urinary excretion of PD increased with digestible organic matter intake showing a constant recovery of duodenal PB. The isotope dilution of PD in urine samples confirmed the presence of an endogenous fraction, originating from tissues, that increased from 115.2 (SE 5.84) μmol/kg W0.75 for the basal diet to 304.2 (SE 7.6) μmol/kg W0.75 at the highest level of duodenal PB.

Prediction of the voluntary intake of grass silages by beef cattle. 1. Linear regression analyses

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACTData on individually recorded silage dry-matter intake (SDMI), concentrate dry-matter intake (CDMI) and live weight of steers and data on silage composition including toluene dry matter (TDM), pH, total nitrogen (N), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) obtained from experiments conducted at three sites were used to obtain simple and multiple linear regressions of SDMI on other variables.Live weight accounted for a high proportion of the variation in intake but this effect could generally be removed by scaling intake by live weight raised to the power of 0·75 (M0·75). CDMI was the most important factor affecting scaled intake in mixed diets. TDM, NH,-N and VFAs all had important effects on SDMI. The relationship of SDMI with TDM was curvilinear suggesting that there is little to be gained in intake terms from wilting to TDM above 250 g/kg. The effect of NH3-N appeared to be related more to its correlation with VFAs than with any other nitrogenous constituent while the VFAs appeared to have a direct effect on SDMI. The effects of N and pH on SDMI were generally small. DOMD and NDF had relatively little effect on SDMI. Significant differences in intercepts between sites were found for most relationships although common slopes were often found.

scholarly journals Feed Value of Barn-Dried Hays from Permanent Grassland: A Comparison with Fresh Forage

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Andueza ◽  
Fabienne Picard ◽  
Philippe Pradel ◽  
Katerina Theodoridou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Winter Diets

In mountain areas, hays are the main forage in winter diets for livestock. Barn-dried hays can be an alternative to traditional hays, which are generally characterized by a low feed value. The aim of this study was to compare the feed value of barn-dried hays with that of the fresh forage from a permanent meadow. The study was carried out over three periods during the first growth cycle of the meadow’s vegetation (from 30 May to 3 June, from 13 to 17 June, and from 27 June to 1 July). Fresh forage and barn-dried hays of the same fresh forages were tested for dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and voluntary intake (VI). Both types of forage obtained each period were tested with an interval of 15 days. Chemical composition and OMD of forages did not change (p > 0.05) according to the feeding method. However, the DMD values for barn-dried hays were higher (p < 0.05) than for fresh forages at the end of the cycle. VI and digestible organic matter intake of barn-dried hays were higher (p < 0.05) than that of fresh forages. In conclusion, barn-dried hays obtained from permanent grasslands presented a higher feed value than fresh forages.

Basal urinary excretion of purine derivatives in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 109-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balcells ◽  
J.A. Guada ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J.I. Bonafonte
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Exogenous Supply

In ruminants duodenal purines,mainly derived from microbial nucleic acids, are catabolised and excreted in the urine as xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid and allantoin. The use of purine derivatives as an index of net microbial syntesis in the rumen requires a better understanding of the contribution of endogenus losses to total urinary excretion.Similar levels of basal excretion of purine derivatives has been determined in ruminants maintained by intragastric nutrition (Giesecke et al. 1984, Fujihara et al. 1987) and preruminants fed on liquid diets (Linberg, 1989). However, lower excretion of allantoin and uric acid were recorded when exogenous supply was reduced by fasting (Rys et al. 1975).

The voluntary intake by cattle of four silages differing in dry matter content

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jackson ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARYHerbage from the same timothy/meadow fescue/white clover sward was ensiled at four different dry matter contents. The resulting silages had dry matter contents of 19·0, 27·3, 32·3 and 43·2%, the dry matter content increasing with the length of the wilting period. An experiment was carried out to determine the voluntary intake of the silages. Each silage was given to 7 animals individually, the mean live weight of these being 334 kg.Although the silages made from wilted herbage were lower in digestibility than that made from unwilted herbage, wilting increased dry matter intake and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. The mean daily intakes of digestible organic matter were 53·0, 58·1, 59·6 and 59·6 g/kgW0·73, for silages of increasing dry matter content. The corresponding ME intakes, expressed as a multiple of the ME requirement for maintenance, were 1·17, 1·29, 1·30 and 1·28. The percentage of acetic acid in the silage dry matter was significantly (r= −0·56) and linearly related to voluntary intake. The relationship between lactic acid concentration and voluntary intake was significantly curvilinear (r= 0·48).

VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SHREDDED NEWSPRINT BY DAIRY COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Shredded newsprint is a potential source of bedding for livestock, but because it may contain certain heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls significant voluntary consumption of newsprint by animals would be undesirable. To determine consumption levels, 18 Holstein cows in mid-lactation (average 19 wk) were used in a double latin square design. Squares represented access to shredded newsprint or chopped hay in the feed manger except during feeding time. Within squares, cows were allotted to each of three complete mixed rations over three 6-wk treatment periods. Rations comprised hay crop silage, corn silage, high moisture grain corn and soybean meal with roughage:concentrate ratios of 30:70 (LR), 50:50 (MR) and 70:30 (HR). Mixed rations were fed according to individual cow requirements for energy depending on body weight, milk yield and milk fat percent. Cows were allowed 4 h after each of two feedings per day to consume their allotted mixed ration. Voluntary consumption of newsprint was only 0.3 kg per cow per day or 2% of total dry matter intake while for those offered hay consumption was 2.6 kg∙cow−1∙day−1 or 15% of total dry matter intake. Intakes of mixed rations were unaffected by roughage:concentrate ratio or newsprint versus hay. However, total dry matter consumption (mixed ration plus newsprint or hay) was higher for cows offered hay (17.3 kg∙cow−1∙day−1) than for those offered newsprint (15.1 kg∙cow−1∙day−1). Levels of heavy metals in milk or blood samples of cows with access to newsprint were within normally accepted ranges. PCBs were at undetectable levels in all cases. Bedding cows with newsprint is unlikely to result in significant consumption or contamination of animals or their products. Key words: Lactating cows, newsprint consumption, heavy metals

Renal and salivary clearance of purine derivatives in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Surra ◽  
J. A. Guada ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
C. Castrillo
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Saline Solutions

AbstractFour adult ewes (mean weight 42·6 kg) fitted with oesophageal fistulae were given 5 mmol/day ofallantoin or saline solutions by intrajugular continuous infusion. The experiment was a randomized cross-over design, with two consecutive 3-day infusion periods. One kg/day fresh matter of either chopped or pelleted fescue hay was distributed over 12 meals and salivary flow estimated from dilution of Co-EDTA infused into the buccal cavity. Allantoin infusion resulted in a rapid increase in its plasma concentration (84 to 128 (s.e. 1·5) μmol/l) and urinary excretion (9·6 to 13·3 (s.e. 0·18) mmol/day) without significant differences between diets. Salivary allantoin also increased (4·6 to 6·4 (s.e. 0·60) ymol/1) in response to infusion, although the concentration of total purine derivatives in saliva was only proportionately 0·08 that of plasma. Renal and salivary clearance of oxypurines, allantoin (78 (s.e. 5·0) ml/min and 13 (s.e. 0·7) ml/h), uric acid (466 (s.e. 98·0) ml/min and 45 (s.e. 9·8) ml/h) and creatinine (104 (s.e. 3·0) ml/min and 14 (s.e. 1·1) ml/h) were constant, irrespective of diet and infusion treatments. Urinary recovery of infused allantoin averaged 0·78 (s.e. 0·031) but salivary secretion, equivalent to about 0·003 of urinary losses, was not the explanation for the incomplete recovery.

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