The influence of drought stress on growth, yield and yield components of selected maize genotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. KAMARA ◽  
A. MENKIR ◽  
B. BADU-APRAKU ◽  
O. IBIKUNLE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Savannah Zone

The risk of drought is high in the Sudan savannah zone of West and Central Africa because rainfall in this area is unpredictable in quantity and distribution. Thus, improved maize genotypes tolerant to drought could stabilize maize grain yield in this zone, where recurrent drought threatens grain production. Six maize genotypes, two each of hybrids, open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) and landraces, were evaluated for tolerance to terminal water deficit before flowering. Water deficit significantly reduced growth, grain yield and yield components of the maize genotypes. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all the traits measured. One hybrid, 9011-30, and two improved OPVs, STR-EV-IWD and IYFD-C0, that showed tolerance to water stress recorded higher grain yield, and accumulated and partitioned more assimilates to the grain than the drought-susceptible genotypes. Also the drought-tolerant genotypes, 9011-30, STR-EV-IWD and IYFD-C0 had more ears/plant and greater numbers of kernels/ear. These genotypes could serve as sources of drought tolerance for the development and improvement of new drought-tolerant maize genotypes.

scholarly journals Changes in Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Cultivars under Water Stress Condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Farnia ◽  
Amin Tork
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

A field experiment was laid out in order to evaluation of effects water stress on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars in Lorestan province in Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd branch, Iran at 2014. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design based on randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were irrigation in five levels such as 1: four period irrigation after anthesis, 2: three period irrigation after anthesis, 3: two period irrigation after anthesis, 4: one period irrigation after anthesis and 5: control in main plots and  three wheat cultivars (Shiraz, Pishtaz and Bahar) in sub plots.  The results showed that, the effect of water stress, cultivar and interaction between them on all parameters were significant at 1% level. The height of Pishtaz cultivar was taller than other cultivars. The Pishtaz cultivar with one period irrigation after anthesis had the highest number of spike per square and Bahar cultivar with one period irrigation after anthesis had the lowest number of spike per square. However, 1000- grainwas decreased in water deficit treatment.  However, the Pishtaz cultivar with four period irrigation had the highest plant dry weight and grain yield and Bahar cultivar non irrigation treatment after anthesis had the lowest plant dry weight and Shiraz cultivar in non-irrigation treatment had the lowest grain yield. The results showed that yield and yield components of common wheat decreased with increasing of water deficit and for increasing in grain yield of wheat complete irrigation are needed. However, Pishtaz cultivar had a highest grain yield and dry matter production. Then we can increase grain yield and production of wheat with cultivation of Pishtaz cultivar and avoid of water stress.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12707

scholarly journals Phosphorus and tillage management for maize under irrigated and dryland conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Amanullah* ◽  
Arsalan Zahid ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Mr. Ikramullah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Tillage Depth

Deficiencies of phosphorous (P) and soil moisture are the main limiting factors under semiarid climates throughout the world. Proper tillage management could increase P and water availability and therefore crop productivity under semiaraid climates. The objective of this study was to investigate proper P and tillage management practices for improving growth, yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L. cv Azam). The experiment was conducted under, irrigated (no moisture stress) and dryland (moisture stress) conditions at the Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan during summer 2012. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement having three replications under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Tillage depths (15, 30 and 45 cm) were assigned to main-plots while P levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) allotted to sub-plots. Better growth and higher yield components and grain yield (3535 kg ha-1) was obtained when P was applied at the highest rate of 90 kg P ha-1 (90 > 60 > 30 > 0 kg P ha-1). Increase in tillage depths showed positive relationship with grain yield and yield components. The deep tillage depth (45 cm) produced the highest grain yield (3323 kg ha-1) while the shallow depth (15 cm) resulted in the lowest grain yield (2894 kg ha-1). Maize planted under irrigated condition had better growth, higher yield components and therefore resulted in the higher grain yield (3621 kg ha-1) as compared with maize under dryland (water stress) condition. We concluded from this study that increase in P level and tillage depth had positive effect on growth, yield components and grain yield of maize under both irrigated and dryland conditions. 

scholarly journals Impact of fertilization with reducing in nitrogen and phosphorous application on growth, yield and biomass accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under a dual cropping system

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11668
Author(s):  
Ke Wu ◽  
Izhar Ali ◽  
Huimin Xie ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely affect soil quality and crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application rate on the growth, yield, and yield components of rice cultivars in the Binyang, Beiliu and Liucheng sites of southern China in the early (March to July) and late season (August to December). The study consisted of three fertilization regimes—CK (N0P0); N180P90 (180 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) and N90P45 (90 kg N ha−1 + 45 kg P2O5)—conducted at each of three different experimental sites with four cultivars (Baixang 139, Y Liangyou 1, Guiyu 9, and Teyou 582). Results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) was 38.8% found higher in Guiyu 9 compared with Baxiang at reduced fertilization (N90P45). N90P45 resulted higher dry matter production at the heading (9411.2 kg ha−1) and maturity (15319.5 kg ha−1) stages in Teyou 582 at Beiliu. Fertilization (N180P90) had higher effective panicle number (4,158,800 panicle ha−1) and grains panicle−1 (113.84 grains) compared with other treatments. Teyou 582 treated with N90P45 and Y Liangyou 1 treated with N180P90 improved seed setting rate average by 82.91% and 72.17% compared with other treatments at Beiliu in both seasons, respectively. N0P0 and N90P45 increased the thousand-grain weight (TGW) of Y Liangyou 1 at Binyang (27.07 g) and Liucheng (27.84 g) during the early and late seasons, respectively. In Beiliu, the N90P45 treatment (6611.7 kg ha−1) of Teyou 582 increased grain yield compared with other treatments. Overall, our results suggested that reducing N and P at the ratio of 90:45 kg ha−1 in Teyou 582 and Y Liangyou 1 could increase rice grain yield and yield components.

scholarly journals Effect of Rifit, Ronstar and Machete on the growth, yield and yield attributes of BR28 paddy grown in Boro season

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
AB Ziauddin Hossain ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Different Doses

In the present investigation BR28 paddy was grown in the Boro season. Three herbicides: Rifit 500 EC, Ronstar 25 EC and Machete 5G were applied in different doses and studied their effects on the control of weeds and ultimate growth, yield and yield components of Boro paddy. Eleven different treatments viz.: T1 (control, no herbicide was used), T2 (only hand weeding was done), T3 (Rifit normal dose), T4 (double of Rifit normal dose), T5 (half of Rifit normal dose), T6 (Ronstar normal dose), T7 (double of Ronster normal dose), T8 (half of Ronster normal dose), T9 (normal dose of Machete), T10 (double of Machete normal dose) and T11 (half of Machete normal dose) were used in the experiment. The number of tillers, length per tiller, length per panicle, area of flag leaves, number of filled grains, percentage of filled grains, straw and grain yield per hectare were found maximum at T3 where normal dose of Rifit 500 EC was applied. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v6i1-2.17077 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 6(1&2):01-10, 2011

Nitrogen Effects on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Leafy and Nonleafy Maize Genotypes

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1556-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Costa ◽  
Lianne M. Dwyer ◽  
Doug W. Stewart ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

scholarly journals DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN INTERVARIETAL MAIZE HYBRIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
DANIEL SARTO ROCHA ◽  
CINTHIA SOUZA RODRIGUES ◽  
PAULO BOLLER GALLO ◽  
MARCELO TICELLI ◽  
MARIA ELISA AYRES GUIDETTI ZAGATTO PATERNIANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Female Flowering

ABSTRACT In the period of planting of second-season maize, there is high climatic instability with greater probability of occurrence of water deficit. This is one of the factors that most cause reduction in maize grain yield. In this context, the aim was to identify stable, irrigation-responsive and drought-tolerant maize genotypes. The experiments were conducted in Mococa / SP and Tatuí / SP, at Instituto Agronômico, in two assays, one under full irrigation conditions and the other under water stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 3 replicates. Male flowering, female flowering, plant height, ear height, hectoliter weight, one hundred grain weight and grain yield were evaluated. Joint analysis of variance and stability analysis were performed by the GGEBiplot method. Significant genotype and site effects were observed for all traits. Significant effects of genotype x site interaction were found for all traits except ear height and male flowering. The characteristics most affected by water deficit were male flowering, plant and ear heights and grain yield. Genotypes F2 BM709 x PopTol 2, IAC 46 x PopTol 2, F2 30K75 x PopTol 3 and F2 BM709 x PopTol 3 are considered ideotypes because of their high grain yield, phenotypic plasticity and drought tolerance.

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