scholarly journals Impact of fertilization with reducing in nitrogen and phosphorous application on growth, yield and biomass accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under a dual cropping system

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11668
Author(s):  
Ke Wu ◽  
Izhar Ali ◽  
Huimin Xie ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The current farming system in China is heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, which adversely affect soil quality and crop production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application rate on the growth, yield, and yield components of rice cultivars in the Binyang, Beiliu and Liucheng sites of southern China in the early (March to July) and late season (August to December). The study consisted of three fertilization regimes—CK (N0P0); N180P90 (180 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) and N90P45 (90 kg N ha−1 + 45 kg P2O5)—conducted at each of three different experimental sites with four cultivars (Baixang 139, Y Liangyou 1, Guiyu 9, and Teyou 582). Results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) was 38.8% found higher in Guiyu 9 compared with Baxiang at reduced fertilization (N90P45). N90P45 resulted higher dry matter production at the heading (9411.2 kg ha−1) and maturity (15319.5 kg ha−1) stages in Teyou 582 at Beiliu. Fertilization (N180P90) had higher effective panicle number (4,158,800 panicle ha−1) and grains panicle−1 (113.84 grains) compared with other treatments. Teyou 582 treated with N90P45 and Y Liangyou 1 treated with N180P90 improved seed setting rate average by 82.91% and 72.17% compared with other treatments at Beiliu in both seasons, respectively. N0P0 and N90P45 increased the thousand-grain weight (TGW) of Y Liangyou 1 at Binyang (27.07 g) and Liucheng (27.84 g) during the early and late seasons, respectively. In Beiliu, the N90P45 treatment (6611.7 kg ha−1) of Teyou 582 increased grain yield compared with other treatments. Overall, our results suggested that reducing N and P at the ratio of 90:45 kg ha−1 in Teyou 582 and Y Liangyou 1 could increase rice grain yield and yield components.

scholarly journals Calibration and test of the cropgro-dry bean model for edaphoclimatic conditions in the savanas of Central Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza Jacqueline Leite Meireles ◽  
Antonio Roberto Pereira ◽  
Paulo Cesar Sentelhas ◽  
Luis Fernando Stone ◽  
Francisco José Pfeilsticker Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Bean Crop

Simulation models are important tools for the analysis of cultivated systems to estimate the performance of crops in different environments. The CROPGRO- model (DSSAT) was calibrated and validated using Carioca bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to estimate yield and the development of the crop, sown in three row spacings (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 m) and two fertilization rates (300 and 500 kg ha-1 of 4-30-16 N-P-K), in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, Brazil. To calibrate the model a combination of the genetic coefficients that characterize the phenology and morphology of the dry bean crop was used to obtain the best possible fit between predicted and observed anthesis and physiological maturity dates, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), yield components, and grain yield for the 0.6 m row spacing. To test the model the experimental records of the 0.4 and 0.5 m row spacings were used. In both, calibration and test, the performance of the model was evaluated plotting observed and predicted values of LAI and TDM versus time, using the r², and the agreement index (d) as statistical criteria. In relation to yield and yield components the percent difference between the observed and predicted data was calculated. The model appeared to be adequate to simulate phenology, grain yield and yield components for the Carioca bean cultivar, related to different levels of fertilization and row spacing, either during calibration or the testing phase. During the test, the grain yield was overestimated by less than 15.4%, indicating a potential use for the calibrated model in assessing climatic risks in this region.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, character association and diversity analyses for economic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Pratap ◽  
PK Singh ◽  
R Shekhar ◽  
SK Soni ◽  
AK Mall
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Character Association ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

One hundred high yielding rice genotypes were evaluated to determine character association, variability and diversity for grain yield, yield components and quality characters. High estimates of heritability, genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for panicle hill-1, flag leaf area and grain yield hill-1. Majority of the traits showed significant and positive associations between yield and yield components like biological yield hill-1 followed by harvest-index as most important traits which need due consideration at the time of devising selection strategy. Thus, presence of several contrasting types of inter-relationships simultaneously would bring improvement in others due to correlated responses. Path analysis might have resulted into cancellation of contrasting associations by each other which ultimately lead to lowering of the net impact. This suggested that selection would be quite efficient in improving yield and yield components in context of germplasm evaluated. The crossing between superior genotypes of above diverse cluster pairs may provide desirable transgressive segregants for developing high yielding varieties of aromatic and non-aromatic rice. Thus, hybridization of Swarna of cluster XI with promising genotypes of cluster VI (Narendra 118, Vandana, Narendra 1, Akashi and Narendra 97) is recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v10i2.18326 SAARC J. Agri., 10(2): 83-94 (2012)

The influence of drought stress on growth, yield and yield components of selected maize genotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. KAMARA ◽  
A. MENKIR ◽  
B. BADU-APRAKU ◽  
O. IBIKUNLE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Savannah Zone

The risk of drought is high in the Sudan savannah zone of West and Central Africa because rainfall in this area is unpredictable in quantity and distribution. Thus, improved maize genotypes tolerant to drought could stabilize maize grain yield in this zone, where recurrent drought threatens grain production. Six maize genotypes, two each of hybrids, open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) and landraces, were evaluated for tolerance to terminal water deficit before flowering. Water deficit significantly reduced growth, grain yield and yield components of the maize genotypes. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all the traits measured. One hybrid, 9011-30, and two improved OPVs, STR-EV-IWD and IYFD-C0, that showed tolerance to water stress recorded higher grain yield, and accumulated and partitioned more assimilates to the grain than the drought-susceptible genotypes. Also the drought-tolerant genotypes, 9011-30, STR-EV-IWD and IYFD-C0 had more ears/plant and greater numbers of kernels/ear. These genotypes could serve as sources of drought tolerance for the development and improvement of new drought-tolerant maize genotypes.

scholarly journals Effects of Manganese on Yield and Yield Attributing Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Bhagawan Bharali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Documented Information ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Biological Yield

Background: Manganese (Mn) being one of the micronutrients available in acid soils acts crucial role in crop plants. In Assam soil, its concentration is 3-52 ppm whereas in plants the critical limit is 2-3ppm. Although the effects Mn on plants have been well documented, information on its impacts on yield and yield components in upland rice crop grown in Assam was scanty, and deserved its investigation. Method: A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of Mn (0, 10,20,30 ppm Mn as MnSO4H2O) foliar spray (each 1000cm3) at vegetative stage i.e.70days after sowing, on yield and yield components of ten rice genotypes (Kanaklata, Mulagabharu, Kapilee, Disang, Kolong, Joymoti, Jyoti Prasad, Luit, Lachit and Chilarai) cultivated in Assam. Conclusion: The lower dose of Mn (10ppm) significantly increased panicle length (16.29-37.46%), panicle weight (10.54-19.50%), panicle number per plant (4.54-13.63%), number of seeds per panicle (18.38-36.48%), test weight (7.21-29.15%), high density grains (5.59-30.45%), economic yield (14.40-28.03%), biological yield (32.58-47.70%), and harvest index (3.2-7.90%). 30ppm Mn affected adversely all the physiological attributes in the study. Among the ten genotypes, Kanaklata performed the best followed by Chilarai in the experiment.

The Designation of Micronutrients Foliar Application Influence on Rice (Oryza Sativa L. cv. Shiroodi) Yield and Yield Components

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Daneshtalab Lahijani ◽  
Amir abbas Mosavi ◽  
Morteza Moballeghi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Abstract Pursuant to micronutrients critical role in the plant nutrition and metabolism, accurate determination of the best term of foliar application as a practical plant nutritional pathway has substantial circumstances in the novel agricultural approaches. In order to properly assess micronutrients liquid fertilizer with commercial name of Rooyesh no and mentioned ingredients (Fe EDTA 0.1%, Zn EDTA 0.05%, B 0.02%, Cu EDTA 0.05%, and Mn EDTA 0.05%) influence on Shiroodi cultivar yield, this investigation implemented in the Iran Rice Research Institution (Amol, Mazandaran) during two consecutive years (2017-2018). This extensive research conducted in the form of RCBD with eight treatments and three independent replications. The treatments were T0 (control), T1 (one foliar application) to T7 (seven foliar applications). The frequent intervals of foliar applications were seven days and the first foliar application done nine days after transplantation. The results revealed that the micronutrients application effect was significant about plant dry weight, grain yield, 1,000 grains yield and harvest index. Also, the interaction of the year and foliar application was significant about seed Zn content, chlorophyll b and 1,000 grains yield. According to statistical data, it can be concluded that T4 with 4257 kg/ha grain yield compare to control yield 3499.1 kg/ha that indicated 20 percentage approximate enhancement about foliar application treatments, four leaf spraying with 2 liters/ 1000 liters of water dosage of micronutrients could affect grain yield and yield components of rice (shiroodi cv.) significantly through increasing the number of tillers/plant, improvement of panicle length and increasing the number of grains/ panicle. The micronutrients supply through leaves is more effective procedure in the field of rice nutrition compare to soil application method due to higher absorption velocity.

scholarly journals Influence of Nano Silicon and Nano Selenium on Root Characters, Growth, Ion Selectivity, Yield, and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Salinity Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Shimaa A. Badawy ◽  
Bassiouni A. Zayed ◽  
Sherif M. A. Bassiouni ◽  
Ayman H. A. Mahdi ◽  
Ali Majrashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Ion Selectivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Root Thickness

Rice production under salinity stress is a critical challenge facing many countries, particularly those in arid and semi-arid regions. This challenge could be handled by applying novel approaches to overcome yield limiting factors and improve resource use efficiency. The usage of nanoparticles (NPs) could be a beneficial approach to managing the growing problem of soil salinity. The aim of our study was to investigate the advantageous effects of soaking and foliar application of silicon (Si) and selenium (Se), (NPs-Si at 12.5 mg L−1 and NPs-Se at 6.25 mg L−1) on root characteristics, moropho-physiological traits, and yields of two rice varieties (i.e., Giza 177 as a salt sensitive and Giza 178 as a salt tolerant) grown in saline soil compared to untreated plants (control treatment). Results showed that soaking NPs-Se resulted in the highest value of root thickness for Giza 178 (0.90 mm, 0.95 mm) and root volume (153.30 cm3, 154.30 cm3), while Giza 177 recorded 0.83 mm, 0.81 mm for root thickness and 143.30 cm3, 141.30 cm3 for root volume in the 2018 and 2019 seasons, respectively. Soaking NPs-Se, NPs-Si and foliar application of NPs-Se at BT resulted in the highest relative water content and dry matter, while foliar application of NPs-Si at BT gave the highest leaf area index of rice plants compared to the other treatments. Giza 178 (i.e., salt tolerant variety) significantly surpassed Giza 177 (i.e., salt sensitive variety) in the main yield components such as panicle number and filled grains/ panicle, while Giza 177 significantly exceeded Giza 178 in the panicle weight, 1000-grain weight, and unfilled grains number/ panicle. Soaking NPs-Se and foliar application of NPs-Si at BT resulted in the highest grain yield of 5.41 and 5.34 t ha−1 during 2018 and 5.00 and 4.91 t ha−1 during 2019, respectively. The salt sensitive variety (Giza 177) had the highest Na+ leaf content and Na+/K+ ratio as well as the lowest K+ leaf content during both seasons. Applying nano nutrients such as NPs-Si and NPs-Se improved the yield components of the salt sensitive variety (Giza 177) by enhancing its ion selectivity. Both NPs-Si and NPs-Se had almost the same mode of action to mitigate the harmful salinity and enhance plant growth, and subsequently improved the grain yield. In summary, the application of NPs-Si and NPs-Se is recommended as a result of their positive influence on rice growth and yield as well as minimizing the negative effects of salt stress.

scholarly journals Phosphorus and tillage management for maize under irrigated and dryland conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Amanullah* ◽  
Arsalan Zahid ◽  
Asif Iqbal ◽  
Mr. Ikramullah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Tillage Depth

Deficiencies of phosphorous (P) and soil moisture are the main limiting factors under semiarid climates throughout the world. Proper tillage management could increase P and water availability and therefore crop productivity under semiaraid climates. The objective of this study was to investigate proper P and tillage management practices for improving growth, yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L. cv Azam). The experiment was conducted under, irrigated (no moisture stress) and dryland (moisture stress) conditions at the Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan during summer 2012. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement having three replications under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Tillage depths (15, 30 and 45 cm) were assigned to main-plots while P levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) allotted to sub-plots. Better growth and higher yield components and grain yield (3535 kg ha-1) was obtained when P was applied at the highest rate of 90 kg P ha-1 (90 > 60 > 30 > 0 kg P ha-1). Increase in tillage depths showed positive relationship with grain yield and yield components. The deep tillage depth (45 cm) produced the highest grain yield (3323 kg ha-1) while the shallow depth (15 cm) resulted in the lowest grain yield (2894 kg ha-1). Maize planted under irrigated condition had better growth, higher yield components and therefore resulted in the higher grain yield (3621 kg ha-1) as compared with maize under dryland (water stress) condition. We concluded from this study that increase in P level and tillage depth had positive effect on growth, yield components and grain yield of maize under both irrigated and dryland conditions. 

scholarly journals Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in promising rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Kishore ◽  
T Srinivas ◽  
U Nagabhushanam ◽  
M Pallavi ◽  
Sk Sameera
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Seventy three rice varieties were evaluated for their variability with regards to yield and yield components. Estimates of heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean were also obtained for the above traits. In addition, studies on character associations and path coefficients were also undertaken. The results revealed high variability, heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean for grain yield while panicle bearing tillers and 1000 grain weight had recorded high heritability coupled with low genetic advance as per cent of mean. Further, yield was observed to be positively associated with panicle bearing tillers and number of filled grains per panicle and these characters were noticed to exert high direct effects on grain yield per plant. High indirect effects of most of the traits were noticed mostly through panicle bearing tillers per hill indicating importance of the trait as selection criteria in crop yield improvement programmes.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 99-108 (2015)

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