Impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on agriculture and human populations in Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. E. SPARAGANO
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Human Ehrlichiosis

Ticks are considered in Europe to be the most important arthropod group responsible for vector-borne diseases in humans, while in the tropics mosquitoes take over this position with ticks being the second most important. Over the last decade, vector-borne diseases have proliferated within Southern Europe (Blue tongue and West Nile viruses, both mosquito-borne diseases) while human ehrlichiosis (a tick-borne disease) has increased dramatically in Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Canine Leishmaniosis: A Silent Burden in Southeast Asia and Elucidating Existing Knowledge Gap

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abdul Rani PA
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Tropics

Canine leishmaniosis is one of the most important canine vector - borne diseases (CVBD) caused by protozoan Leishmania sp . which pose zoonotic threat as some of its species are zoonotic. This parasitic disease is classified as Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) and can be found in parts of the tropics, subtropics and southern Europe. A lot of studies had been carried out across the globe but lack in Southeast Asia, thus its epi zootiology is still poorly understood. This article is meant to create awareness of the existence of this zoonotic disease amongst veterinary personnel, scientific community and readers.

Current Challenges in the Development of Vaccines and Drugs Against Emerging Vector-borne Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 2974-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
New Host ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Living Organisms

Vectors are living organisms that transmit infectious diseases from an infected animal to humans or another animal. Biological vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies carry pathogens that multiply within their bodies prior to delivery to a new host. The increased prevalence of Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) such as Aedes-borne dengue, Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), malaria, Tick-Borne Disease (TBD), and scrub typhus has a huge impact on the health of both humans and livestock worldwide. In particular, zoonotic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks place a considerable burden on public health. Vaccines, drugs, and vector control methods have been developed to prevent and treat VBDs and have prevented millions of deaths. However, development of such strategies is falling behind the rapid emergence of VBDs. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to fighting VBDs must be considered immediately. In this review, I focus on the challenges posed by emerging outbreaks of VBDs and discuss available drugs and vaccines designed to overcome this burden. Research into promising drugs needs to be upgraded and fast-tracked, and novel drugs or vaccines being tested in in vitro and in vivo models need to be moved into human clinical trials. Active preventive tactics, as well as new and upgraded diagnostics, surveillance, treatments, and vaccination strategies, need to be monitored constantly if we are to manage VBDs of medical importance.

A brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) bite at sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-191
Author(s):  
E Stachow
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Brown Dog Tick ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Maritime Environment

AbstractMedical Officers (MOs) and Medical Branch Ratings (MBRs) must maintain an awareness of the risk of vector-borne diseases among deployed personnel.Personnel working in the maritime environment may not expect to be at risk of tick bites, as ticks typically occupy habitats with dense vegetation such as forests or scrub land. However, tick-borne pathogens can cause serious and sometimes fatal disease, and therefore the risk of tick bites and associated diseases should be recognised.We present a case of a tick bite in a member of a ship’s company eight days after leaving port. The tick was identified as a brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), a species known to thrive indoors. We describe several important tick-borne diseases which can be transmitted by R. sanguineus and explore best practice for tick removal and aftercare. Finally, we outline the appropriate management of suspected tick-borne disease in deployed personnel in the maritime environment.

Effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases: an updated focus on West Nile virus in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomit Paz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Transmission Season ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract One of the main impacts of climate change on health is the influence on vector-borne diseases (VBDs). During the last few years, yearly outbreaks of the West Nile virus (WNV) have occurred in many locations, providing evidence of ongoing transmission. Currently, it is the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world. Increases in ambient temperature have impacts on WNV transmission. Indeed, clear associations were found between warm conditions and WNV outbreaks in various areas. The impact of changes in rainfall patterns on the incidence of the disease is influenced by the amount of precipitation (increased rainfall, floods or droughts), depending on the local conditions and the differences in the ecology and sensitivity of the species of mosquito. Predictions indicate that for WNV, increased warming will result in latitudinal and altitudinal expansions of regions climatically suitable for transmission, particularly along the current edges of its transmission areas. Extension of the transmission season is also predicted. As models show that the current climate change trends are expected to continue, it is important to reinforce WNV control efforts and increase the resilience of population health. For a better preparedness, any assessment of future transmission of WNV should consider the impacts of the changing climate.

scholarly journals Study on coinfecting vector-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽  
Kilder Dantas Filgueira ◽  
Silvia Maria Mendes Ahid ◽  
Josivânia Soares Pereira ◽  
André Mendes do Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Babesia Spp

Since dogs presenting several vector borne diseases can show none or nonspecific clinical signs depending on the phase of infection, the assessment of the particular agents involved is mandatory. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Leishmania spp. in blood samples and ticks, collected from two dogs from Rio Grande do Norte showing suggestive tick-borne disease by using molecular techniques. DNA of E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum were detected in blood samples and R. sanguineus ticks collected from dogs. Among all samples analyzed, two showed the presence of multiple infections with E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum chagasi. Here we highlighted the need for molecular differential diagnosis in dogs showing nonspecific clinical signs.

scholarly journals Autochthonous dengue in two Dutch tourists visiting Département Var, southern France, July 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom D Vermeulen ◽  
Johan Reimerink ◽  
Chantal Reusken ◽  
Sandra Giron ◽  
Peter J de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Health Experts

We report dengue virus (DENV) infection in two Dutch tourists who visited Département Var, southern France, in July and August 2020. As some autochthonous dengue cases have occurred in Europe in recent years, awareness among physicians and public health experts about possible intermittent presence of DENV in southern Europe is important to minimise delay in diagnosis and treatment. Quick diagnosis can lead to timely action to contain the spread of vector-borne diseases and minimise transmission.

scholarly journals A Host-Specific Blocking Primer Combined with Optimal DNA Extraction Improves the Detection Capability of a Metabarcoding Protocol for Canine Vector-Borne Bacteria

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Lucas G. Huggins ◽  
Anson V. Koehler ◽  
Bettina Schunack ◽  
Tawin Inpankaew ◽  
Rebecca J. Traub
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Blocking Primer ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Tropics

Bacterial canine vector-borne diseases are responsible for some of the most life-threatening conditions of dogs in the tropics and are typically poorly researched with some presenting a zoonotic risk to cohabiting people. Next-generation sequencing based methodologies have been demonstrated to accurately characterise a diverse range of vector-borne bacteria in dogs, whilst also proving to be more sensitive than conventional PCR techniques. We report two improvements to a previously developed metabarcoding tool that increased the sensitivity and diversity of vector-borne bacteria detected from canine blood. Firstly, we developed and tested a canine-specific blocking primer that prevents cross-reactivity of bacterial primer amplification on abundant canine mitochondrial sequences. Use of our blocking primer increased the number of canine vector-borne infections detected (five more Ehrlichia canis and three more Anaplasma platys infections) and increased the diversity of bacterial sequences found. Secondly, the DNA extraction kit employed can have a significant effect on the bacterial community characterised. Therefore, we compared four different DNA extraction kits finding the Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit to be superior for detection of blood-borne bacteria, identifying nine more A. platys, two more E. canis, one more Mycoplasma haemocanis infection and more putative bacterial pathogens than the lowest performing kit.

scholarly journals Assessing the Role of Climate Change in Malaria Transmission in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Ngarakana-Gwasira ◽  
C. P. Bhunu ◽  
M. Masocha ◽  
E. Mashonjowa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Malaria Burden ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
African Highlands ◽  
The Tropics

The sensitivity of vector borne diseases like malaria to climate continues to raise considerable concern over the implications of climate change on future disease dynamics. The problem of malaria vectors shifting from their traditional locations to invade new zones is of important concern. A mathematical model incorporating rainfall and temperature is constructed to study the transmission dynamics of malaria. The reproduction number obtained is applied to gridded temperature and rainfall datasets for baseline climate and future climate with aid of GIS. As a result of climate change, malaria burden is likely to increase in the tropics, the highland regions, and East Africa and along the northern limit of falciparum malaria. Falciparum malaria will spread into the African highlands; however it is likely to die out at the southern limit of the disease.

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