Estimates of heterosis and association of genetic distance with heterosis in durum wheat under different moisture regimes

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate heterosis for grain yield and yield components in durum wheat, and to assess the prediction potential of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) based and agronomic trait based genetic distances (GD and MD, respectively) to F1 performance, mid parent heterosis (MPH), and specific combining ability effects (SCA) under well-watered and moisture stress conditions. Six parental genotypes with different responses to moisture stress and their 15 F1 crosses were evaluated for their responses to moisture stress conditions in a glasshouse. Some cross combinations showed significant MPH for grain yield and yield components. The expression of heterosis for grain yield was greater under moisture stress conditions than under well-watered conditions. Cluster analysis of the parental lines based on agronomic performance under stress conditions was similar to cluster analysis result based on AFLP marker profiles. F1 performance was strongly correlated to both SCA effects and MPH under both stress and well water conditions. The correlation between SCA and MPH was very high under both treatment conditions for all traits. Correlation between GD and MD was significant only under stress conditions. Positive correlation was found only for the association between GD v. F1 performance and GD v. SCA effects for harvest index (HI) under well-watered conditions. None of the correlations between MD and SCA effects were significant. The absence of association between GD and heterosis for yield and most agronomic traits implied that heterozygosity per se diversity is not a good predictor of heterosis or F1 performance under both well-watered and stressed conditions.

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Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13287 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 957 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Dura ◽

M. Duwayri ◽

M. Nachit ◽

F. Al Sheyab

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

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Water stress intensified the relation of seed color with lignan content and seed yield components in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02604-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Zare ◽

Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽

Ghodratollah Saeidi ◽

Mohammad R. Sabzalian ◽

Ehsan Ataii

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Coat Color ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Yield Components ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Stress Environment

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of yellow and brown seed coat color of flax on lignan content, seed yield, and yield components under two contrasting environments of non-stress and water stress conditions. The water stress environment intensified the discrimination between the two seed color groups as the yellow seeded families had lower values for seed yield components under the water stress. Heritability and the genetic advance for seed yield were significantly higher in brown-seeded families than those of yellow-seeded ones at water stress conditions. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) as the chief lignan in flaxseed was more abundant in yellow-seeded families under the non-stress environment but under water stress conditions, it increased in brown seeded families and exceeded from yellow ones. Considering that the brown and yellow seed color families were full sibs and shared a similar genetic background but differed in seed color, it is concluded that a considerable interaction exists between the flax seed color and moisture stress concerning its effect on seed yield and yield components and also the seed SDG content. Brown-seeded genotypes are probably preferred for cultivation under water stress conditions for better exploitation of flax agronomic and nutritional potentials.

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Phosphorus and tillage management for maize under irrigated and dryland conditions

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2016.03.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (03) ◽

pp. 1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dr. Amanullah* ◽

Arsalan Zahid ◽

Asif Iqbal ◽

Mr. Ikramullah

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Tillage Depth

Deficiencies of phosphorous (P) and soil moisture are the main limiting factors under semiarid climates throughout the world. Proper tillage management could increase P and water availability and therefore crop productivity under semiaraid climates. The objective of this study was to investigate proper P and tillage management practices for improving growth, yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L. cv Azam). The experiment was conducted under, irrigated (no moisture stress) and dryland (moisture stress) conditions at the Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture, Peshawar Pakistan during summer 2012. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement having three replications under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Tillage depths (15, 30 and 45 cm) were assigned to main-plots while P levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) allotted to sub-plots. Better growth and higher yield components and grain yield (3535 kg ha-1) was obtained when P was applied at the highest rate of 90 kg P ha-1 (90 > 60 > 30 > 0 kg P ha-1). Increase in tillage depths showed positive relationship with grain yield and yield components. The deep tillage depth (45 cm) produced the highest grain yield (3323 kg ha-1) while the shallow depth (15 cm) resulted in the lowest grain yield (2894 kg ha-1). Maize planted under irrigated condition had better growth, higher yield components and therefore resulted in the higher grain yield (3621 kg ha-1) as compared with maize under dryland (water stress) condition. We concluded from this study that increase in P level and tillage depth had positive effect on growth, yield components and grain yield of maize under both irrigated and dryland conditions.

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Response surface analysis of the effects of seeding rates, N-rates and irrigation frequencies on durum wheat I. Grain yield and yield components

Fertilizer Research ◽

10.1007/bf01049578 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 197-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y. P. Puri ◽

M. F. Miller ◽

R. N. Sah ◽

K. G. Baghott ◽

Elias Freres-Castel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Response Surface ◽

Surface Analysis ◽

Yield Components ◽

Response Surface Analysis ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

N Rates

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Gram Yield and Yield Components of Spring Wheat Genotypes at Different Moisture Regimes

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] ◽

10.24200/jams.vol3iss2pp13-19 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

R. Ahmad ◽

N. Ahmad ◽

J.C. Stark ◽

A. Tanveer

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

High Plasticity ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

High Yields

Yield and developmental characteristics of crop genotypes grown at different levels of water availability are often used to select genotypes that are adapted to variable moisture environments. Field studies were conducted at Aberdeen. Idaho, USA in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the effects of varying moisture supply on grain yield and yield components of spring wheat genotypes. In both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under three irrigation levels (well-watered. moderate water-stress and severe water-stress) imposed during the periods from mid-tillering to anthesis with a line source sprinkler irrigation system. Grain yield and yield components (spikes m-2, spikelets spike-1, kernels spikelet-1, kernels spike-1, and kernel weight) were used to evaluate the genotypic response to water stress. Overall, water stress caused a reduction in grain yield and yield components. Genotypes exhibited a large year-to-year variation in their ranks for grain yield. Medium-tall growing genotypes (IDO 367. lDO 369 and Rick) generally produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1992 (relatively dry year), while short -medium genotypes (WPB 926. Yecora Rojo and Pondera) produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1993 (relatively wet year). Chris and Serra were the lowest yielding genotypes under water stress conditions in both years. Under moderate stress conditions. 100 367 and Yecora Rojo had consistently high yields. Genotypic yield differences under water stress conditions were primarily related to the differences in the numbers of spikes m". Therefore, a tendency for high plasticity for Spikes per unit area could be used to select wheat genotypes for improved drought tolerance.

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Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Yield and Yield Components Across Environments in Durum Wheat

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1007/bf03543666 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 29 (3-4) ◽

pp. 237-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Blanco ◽

C. Lotti ◽

R. Simeone ◽

A. Signorile ◽

V. De Santis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Loci ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Yield Components ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Trait Loci

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Genetic variability and association of yield and yield components among bread wheat genotypes under drought-stressed conditions

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p2987 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 863-870

Author(s):

Yared Semahegn ◽

Hussein Shimelis ◽

Mark Laing ◽

Isack Mathew

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Yield And Yield Components

Drought is one of the major constraints to wheat production and productivity globally. Developing drought-adapted wheat cultivars is paramount to increase wheat productivity under variable rainfall conditions. Understanding the genetic variability and trait association is key to the development of improved wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of the genetic parameters and associations of yield and yield components of bread wheat genotypes, in order to design appropriate breeding strategies for yield improvement in wheat. One hundred and twenty genotypes were evaluated at five test sites in the 2018/19 cropping season using a 10 x 12 alpha lattice design with two replications. Different sowing dates were used to impose contrasting drought stress levels based on the onset of the main seasonal rains at each site. Data were recorded on agronomic traits such as days to heading (DH), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), spike length (SL), spikelet per spike (SS), kernel per spike (KS), 1000 kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield (GY). There was significant (p<0.01) genetic variation for all agronomic traits studied under both drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions. The highest estimates for genetic variance were obtained for DH (54.0%), followed by SL (38.3%). The high heritability estimated for DH (94.4%), SL (90.2%) and SS (85.2%), coupled with a high rate of genetic advance, suggest that direct selection for these traits would be effective under drought-stressed conditions. GY exhibited low genetic advance (9%) and heritability (41.5%) estimates, which were concomitant with its polygenic and complex inheritance pattern. Correlation and path analyses revealed that TKW was the most important contributing trait for improving grain yield under drought-stressed conditions

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Variation in water use and transpiration efficiency among durum wheat genotypes grown under moisture stress and non-stress conditions

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859603003356 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 141 (1) ◽

pp. 31-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. F. SOLOMON ◽

M. T. LABUSCHAGNE

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Water Use ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Transpiration Efficiency ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Selection For

Durum wheat genotypes with different responses to moisture stress were studied in a glasshouse under moisture stress and non-stress conditions to investigate differences in water use and transpiration efficiency and interrelationships among water use and transpiration efficiency and associated traits. Significantly high genotypic variability in the cumulative amount of water used before (ETba) and after (ETpa) anthesis was observed. Susceptible genotypes used higher amounts of water before anthesis and lower amounts after anthesis. In contrast, tolerant genotypes used a higher proportion of water during the post-anthesis period. Significantly high variability among the genotypes was observed for various measures of water use and transpiration efficiency, total dry matter and harvest index. Ranking of cultivars for water use efficiency based on grain yield (WUEG) and transpiration efficiency based on grain yield was consistent with ranking of cultivars for drought susceptibility indices. Drought susceptibility index was significantly but negatively correlated with harvest index, WUEG and grain yield. However, it was positively and significantly correlated with the ETba[ratio ]ETpa ratio. A high positive correlation of WUEG with harvest index and grain yield with harvest index was found. It was concluded that selection for lower ETba[ratio ]ETpa ratios up to about 0·8 could indirectly lead to improved WUEG and HI, hence improved grain yield. Selection for increased WUEG and/or grain yield would increase yield in water-limited environments.

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