Variation in water use and transpiration efficiency among durum wheat genotypes grown under moisture stress and non-stress conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. SOLOMON ◽  
M. T. LABUSCHAGNE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

Durum wheat genotypes with different responses to moisture stress were studied in a glasshouse under moisture stress and non-stress conditions to investigate differences in water use and transpiration efficiency and interrelationships among water use and transpiration efficiency and associated traits. Significantly high genotypic variability in the cumulative amount of water used before (ETba) and after (ETpa) anthesis was observed. Susceptible genotypes used higher amounts of water before anthesis and lower amounts after anthesis. In contrast, tolerant genotypes used a higher proportion of water during the post-anthesis period. Significantly high variability among the genotypes was observed for various measures of water use and transpiration efficiency, total dry matter and harvest index. Ranking of cultivars for water use efficiency based on grain yield (WUEG) and transpiration efficiency based on grain yield was consistent with ranking of cultivars for drought susceptibility indices. Drought susceptibility index was significantly but negatively correlated with harvest index, WUEG and grain yield. However, it was positively and significantly correlated with the ETba[ratio ]ETpa ratio. A high positive correlation of WUEG with harvest index and grain yield with harvest index was found. It was concluded that selection for lower ETba[ratio ]ETpa ratios up to about 0·8 could indirectly lead to improved WUEG and HI, hence improved grain yield. Selection for increased WUEG and/or grain yield would increase yield in water-limited environments.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5610
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Lia Shooshtari ◽  
Neda Maleki-Tabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Durum wheat performance in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water scarcity occurs before and during anthesis. The present research was performed to determine the effect of drought stress on several physiological and agro-morphological traits in 17 durum wheat genotypes under two conditions (control and drought) over two years. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the various durum wheat genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Drought stress significantly reduced the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes per plot, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index in all genotypes compared to the control condition. The heatmap-based correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with phenological characters (days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and grain filling period), as well as number of spikes per plant, biomass, and harvest index under drought conditions. The yield-based drought and susceptible indices revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and harmonic mean (HM) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yields in both conditions. Based on the average of the sum of ranks across all indices and a three-dimensional plot, two genotypes (G9 and G12) along with the control variety (G1) were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Among the investigated genotypes, the new breeding genotype G12 showed a high drought tolerance and yield performance under both conditions. Hence, this genotype can be a candidate for further multi-years and locations test as recommended for cultivation under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

The yield of durum wheats released in Mexico between 1960 and 1984

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Waddington ◽  
M. Osmanzai ◽  
M. Yoshida ◽  
J. K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Advanced Line ◽  
Selection For

SummaryTwo trials designed to measure progress in the yield of durum wheat cultivars released in Mexico by the Institute Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas over the period 1960–84 were grown in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 1983–4 and 1984–5 cropping seasons. The trials compared grain yield, above-ground biomass, harvest index (ratio of dry grain yield to dry above-ground biomass), yield components, grain-growth rates and phenological characters for eight key cultivars and the modern advanced line, Carcomun ‘S’, when grown at a high level of agronomic inputs and management.The grain yield of durum wheat was estimated to have risen for 25 years of breeding from 3·70 to 8·40 t/ha. The estimated average annual rates of increase in grain yield for the periods 1960–71 and 1971–85 were 251 and 121 kg/ha respectively. Grain yield improvements were based on a linear increase in the number of grains/m2 over the 25-year period, the result of more grains per spikelet. An improved above-ground biomass at maturity was a feature of the two modern genotypes, Altar 84 and Carcomun ‘S’. Harvest index increased with each new cultivar up to the release of Mexicali 75 in 1975, but thereafter the higher grain yields achieved with the modern genotypes were not associated with a higher harvest index. Thousand-grain weight remained steady for the released cultivars but fell slightly for the advanced line Carcomun ‘S’. Improvements in yield were not associated with a longer cropping cycle.It is concluded that a breeding strategy combining selection for morphological characters thought to confer high yield potential, such as a more erect leaf posture and high number of grains per spikelet, with selection for grain yield per se has been successful in improving the grain yield of durum wheats adapted to north-west Mexico. Improvements have come not only in the size of the grain sink and the efficiency of assimilate partition to grain but also in the biomass produced above ground.

The response of rate and duration of grain filling to long-term selection for yield in Italian durum wheats

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta ◽  
Giovanni Pruneddu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Selection For

Genetic advance in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) grain yield in Italy has been achieved by bringing forward flowering time, achieving a larger number of grains per unit area, and altering the pattern of senescence. The performance, in the absence of any moisture stress, of a set of 6 Italian durum wheat cultivars released over the past 100 years was compared under 4 environments and 2 nitrogen rates, to ascertain whether the changes brought about by selection for yield have also indirectly affected the rate and duration of grain filling. Grain filling lasted 35–36 days in all cultivars except ‘Ichnusa’ (39 days), although modern cultivars flowered earlier than older ones. The lack of any breeding effect on grain-filling duration also meant that the later old cultivars were not negatively affected by the higher ambient temperatures during their grain filling. The maximum rate of grain filling ranged from 2.4 to 3.3 mg/day and showed a highly significant negative correlation with the year of cultivar release (r = –0.91*). The variation in grain weight, significant but not correlated with the year of release, was associated with the rate of grain filling, which was in turn related to the grain number per unit area. A compensating variability still exists among modern Italian cultivars in both grain number and grain-filling rate, which demonstrates that durum wheat grain yield can be increased while also preserving high grain weights.

Estimates of heterosis and association of genetic distance with heterosis in durum wheat under different moisture regimes

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. SOLOMON ◽  
M. T. LABUSCHAGNE ◽  
C. D. VILJOEN
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate heterosis for grain yield and yield components in durum wheat, and to assess the prediction potential of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) based and agronomic trait based genetic distances (GD and MD, respectively) to F1 performance, mid parent heterosis (MPH), and specific combining ability effects (SCA) under well-watered and moisture stress conditions. Six parental genotypes with different responses to moisture stress and their 15 F1 crosses were evaluated for their responses to moisture stress conditions in a glasshouse. Some cross combinations showed significant MPH for grain yield and yield components. The expression of heterosis for grain yield was greater under moisture stress conditions than under well-watered conditions. Cluster analysis of the parental lines based on agronomic performance under stress conditions was similar to cluster analysis result based on AFLP marker profiles. F1 performance was strongly correlated to both SCA effects and MPH under both stress and well water conditions. The correlation between SCA and MPH was very high under both treatment conditions for all traits. Correlation between GD and MD was significant only under stress conditions. Positive correlation was found only for the association between GD v. F1 performance and GD v. SCA effects for harvest index (HI) under well-watered conditions. None of the correlations between MD and SCA effects were significant. The absence of association between GD and heterosis for yield and most agronomic traits implied that heterozygosity per se diversity is not a good predictor of heterosis or F1 performance under both well-watered and stressed conditions.

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
V. P. Kadushkina ◽  
S. А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the  breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Durum Wheat Genotypes under Normal Irrigation and Drought Stress Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Bihamta ◽  
Mehdi Shirkavand ◽  
Javad Hasanpour ◽  
Amin Afzalifar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PRAMETERS IN DURUM WHEAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almajidy & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
High Heritability

To estimate genetic parameters and heritability in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) genotypes, seventeen genotypes (16 exotic from ICARDA and local variety (Buhooth 7)) were included in this study. This experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at Field Crops Research Station, Abu-Graib, Office of Agricultural Research, during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. The results revealed significant differences among genotypes for the studied characters at both seasons. The best genetic/environmental variance ratio attained for spike length (11.90) and no. of spikes. m-2 (9.22) in the first season, and grain yield (8.82) then harvest index (4.87) in the second season. High GCV observed for grain yield (15.68), no. of spikes. m-2 (15.18) in the first season, and harvest index (16.89) and grain yield (14.22) in the second season. High heritability estimates associated with high genetic advance for no. of spikes. m-2, in the first season. While, moderate h2bs estimates associated with high GA for same trait in the second season. Expected response to selection ranged from 0.93 to 84.6, also selection index ranged from 1.23 to 106.44 for grain yield and number of spikes. m-2, respectively in the first season also the same pattern was observed for value of second season. Characteristics like no. of spikes. m-2, plant height, no. of grains. Spike-1 and grain weight showed high heritability coupled with high genetic progress. Therefore, these characters should be given top priority during selection breeding in durum wheat.

Selection for Osmoregulation Gene to Improve Grain Yield of Wheat Genotypes under Osmotic Stresses

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 3703-3707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Eivazi . ◽  
Farshid Talat . ◽  
Ali Saeed . ◽  
Hosien Ranji .
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al-Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

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