RISK FACTORS FOR ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM CRACOW, POLAND (1983–2000)

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGNIESZKA SUDER ◽  
MARIA CHRZANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Obesity Risk Factors

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine abdominal obesity risk factors in two successive cohorts of children and adolescents aged 4–18 from Cracow, Poland, examined during the years of political transformation. The influence of biological, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors on abdominal obesity was analysed by calculating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression analysis. It was found that for girls obesity in both parents (OR=4.31; 95% CI 1.73–20.70) and high birth weight (OR=1.78; 95% CI 1.12–2.82) were significant risk factors for abdominal obesity in the 1983 cohort. In the 2000 cohort obesity in both parents for boys and girls (boys: OR=5.85; 95% CI 1.36–25.10; girls: OR=4.82; 95% CI 1.17–19.77), low level of parental education in girls (OR=2.06; 95% CI 1.15–3.69), having only one son (OR=1.96; 95% CI 1.36–3.40), parents' smoking habits in girls (OR=2.94; 95% CI 1.46–5.91) and lack of undertaking physical activity in sport clubs in boys (OR=6.11; 95% CI 1.46–25.47) were significant abdominal obesity risk factors. Higher number of hours of leisure time physical activity (OR=0.89; 95% CI 0.81–0.97) significantly lowered the risk of abdominal obesity in boys in the 2000 cohort. The greater differentiation of abdominal obesity risk factors in the 2000 cohort in comparison to the 1983 cohort may have resulted from the social and economic changes taking place in Poland at the end of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Effects of the First 1000 Days Program, a systems-change intervention, on obesity risk factors during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Simione ◽  
Laura Moreno-Galarraga ◽  
Meghan Perkins ◽  
Sarah N. Price ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Wic Program ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Obesity Risk Factors

Abstract Background First 1000 Days is a systems-oriented program starting in early pregnancy lasting through the first 24 months of infancy focused on preventing obesity and related risk factors among low income, mother-infant pairs. The program was developed in partnership with stakeholders to create an infrastructure for system-wide change. It includes screening for adverse health behaviors and socio-contextual factors, patient navigation and educational materials to support behavior change and social needs, and individualized health coaching for women at highest risk of obesity and has been shown to reduce excess gestational weight gain for women who were overweight at the start of their pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine changes from the first to third trimester for women participating in the First 1000 Days Program. Methods We collected information through self-administered questionnaires during the first and third trimester of gestation and from electronic health records relating to obesity risk factors. Measures collected included behavior (i.e., diet, physical activity and screen time) and psychosocial (i.e., anxiety) outcomes, as well as enrollment in Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) program. We examined the extent to which participation in the program was associated with changes in behaviors and psychosocial outcomes among women during pregnancy. Results Women completed surveys at their initial and third trimester prenatal visits (n = 264). Mean age (SD) was 30.2 (5.51) years and 75% had an annual household income of <$50,000. Mean pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was 27.7 kg/m2 and 64% started pregnancy with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. In multivariable adjusted models, we observed decreases in intake of sugary-drinks (− 0.95 servings/day; 95% CI: − 1.86, − 0.03) and in screen time (− 0.21 h/day; 95% CI: − 0.40, − 0.01), and an increase in physical activity (0.88 days/week; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.23) from the first to third trimester. We also observed a decrease in pregnancy-related anxiety score (− 1.06 units; 95% CI: − 1.32, − 0.79) and higher odds of enrollment in Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) program (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.96, 3.41). Conclusions Our findings suggest that a systems-oriented prenatal intervention may be associated with improvements in behaviors and psychosocial outcomes during pregnancy among low-income mothers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03191591; Retrospectively registered on June 19, 2017).

scholarly journals Birth weight, cardiometabolic risk factors and effect modification of physical activity in children and adolescents: pooled data from 12 international studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2052-2063
Author(s):  
Guro Pauck Bernhardsen ◽  
◽  
Trine Stensrud ◽  
Bjørge Herman Hansen ◽  
Jostein Steene-Johannesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
High Birth Weight

Abstract Objectives Low and high birth weight is associated with higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors and adiposity in children and adolescents, and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and early mortality later in life. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factors and may mitigate the detrimental consequences of high or low birth weight. Thus, we examined whether MVPA modified the associations between birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Methods We used pooled individual data from 12 cohort- or cross-sectional studies including 9,100 children and adolescents. Birth weight was measured at birth or maternally reported retrospectively. Device-measured physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured in childhood or adolescence. We tested for associations between birth weight, MVPA, and cardiometabolic risk factors using multilevel linear regression, including study as a random factor. We tested for interaction between birth weight and MVPA by introducing the interaction term in the models (birth weight x MVPA). Results Most of the associations between birth weight (kg) and cardiometabolic risk factors were not modified by MVPA (min/day), except between birth weight and waist circumference (cm) in children (p = 0.005) and HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) in adolescents (p = 0.040). Sensitivity analyses suggested that some of the associations were modified by VPA, i.e., the associations between birth weight and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) in children (p = 0.009) and LDL- cholesterol (mmol/l) (p = 0.009) and triglycerides (mmol/l) in adolescents (p = 0.028). Conclusion MVPA appears not to consistently modify the associations between low birth weight and cardiometabolic risk. In contrast, MVPA may mitigate the association between higher birth weight and higher waist circumference in children. MVPA is consistently associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk across the birth weight spectrum. Optimal prenatal growth and subsequent PA are both important in relation to cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Effects of the First 1,000 Days Systems-Change Intervention on Obesity Risk Factors During Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Simione ◽  
Laura Moreno-Galarraga ◽  
Meghan Perkins ◽  
Sarah N. Price ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Wic Program ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Obesity Risk Factors

Abstract Background: First 1,000 Days is a systems-oriented program starting in early pregnancy lasting through the first 24 months of infancy focused on preventing obesity and related risk factors among low income, mother-infant pairs. The program was developed in partnership with stakeholders to create an infrastructure for system-wide change. It includes screening for adverse health behaviors and socio-contextual factors, patient navigation and educational materials to support behavior change and social needs, and individualized health coaching for women at highest risk of obesity and has been shown to reduce excess gestational weight gain for women who were overweight at the start of their pregnancy. Methods: We collected information through self-administered questionnaires during the first and third trimester of gestation and from electronic health records relating to obesity risk factors. Measures collected included behavior (i.e., diet, physical activity and screen time) and psychosocial outcomes, as well as enrollment in Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) program. We examined the extent to which participation in the program was associated with changes in behaviors and psychosocial outcomes among women during pregnancy.Results: Women completed surveys at their initial and third trimester prenatal visits (n=264). Mean age (SD) was 30.2 (5.51) years and 75% had an annual household income of <$50,000. Mean pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was 27.7 kg/m2 and 64% started pregnancy with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. In multivariable adjusted models, we observed decreases in intake of sugary-drinks (-0.96 servings/day; 95% CI: -1.86, -0.06) and in screen time (-0.21 hours/day; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.02), and an increase in physical activity (0.87 days/week; 95% CI: 0.56, 1.17) from the first to third trimester. We also observed a decrease in pregnancy-related anxiety score (-1.06 units; 95% CI: -1.32, -0.79) and higher odds of enrollment in Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) program (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.96, 3.41). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a systems-oriented prenatal intervention is associated with improvements in behaviors and psychosocial outcomes during pregnancy among low-income mothers.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03191591; Retrospectively registered on June 19, 2017)

Optimism and Obesity Risk Factors in Middle Aged Latinas

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia E. Ferent ◽  
Karla Espinosa De Los Monteros ◽  
Gregory Talavera ◽  
Linda C. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Obesity Risk Factors

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Jana Jurkovičová ◽  
Katarína Hirošová ◽  
Diana Vondrová ◽  
Martin Samohýl ◽  
Zuzana Štefániková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

scholarly journals Random forest analysis in identifying the importance of obesity risk factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kanerva ◽  
M Erkkola ◽  
J Nevalainen ◽  
S Männistö
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Random Forest Analysis ◽  
Obesity Risk Factors

Prevalence and risk factors of root resorption of adjacent teeth in maxillary canine impaction, among untreated children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Rafflenbeul ◽  
Catherine-Isabelle Gros ◽  
François Lefebvre ◽  
Sophie Bahi-Gross ◽  
Raphaëlle Maizeray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Summary Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to assess in maxillary canine impaction cases both the prevalence of root resorption of adjacent teeth among untreated children and adolescents, and its associated risk factors. Subjects and methods Sixty subjects (mean age 12.2 years; SD 1.9; range 8–17 years) with 83 displaced maxillary canines and without any past or ongoing orthodontic treatment were included in this study. The presence of root resorption was evaluated on images from a single cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit. Potential risk factors were measured on the CBCT images and on panoramic reconstructions of the 3D data sets. The sample was characterized by descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions were performed to predict root resorption. Results Root resorption of at least one adjacent tooth was detected in 67.5 per cent of the affected quadrants. It was found that 55.7 per cent of the lateral incisors, 8.4 per cent of the central incisors, and 19.5 per cent of first premolars were resorbed. Of the detected resorptions, 71.7 per cent were considered slight, 14.9 per cent moderate, and 13.4 per cent severe. Contact between the displaced canine(s) and the adjacent teeth roots was the only identified statistically significant risk factor, all teeth being considered (odds ratio [OR] = 18.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.26–756, P < 0.01). An enlarged canine dental follicle, a peg upper lateral, or an upper lateral agenesis were not significantly associated with root resorption of adjacent teeth, nor were age nor gender. Conclusions Root resorption of adjacent teeth was detected in more than two-thirds of a sample of sixty untreated children and adolescents.

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