The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

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The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

10.20944/preprints202012.0759.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jana Jurkovicova ◽

Katarina Hirosova ◽

Diana Vondrova ◽

Martin Samohyl ◽

Zuzana Stefanikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2,629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and resting heart rate were measured, fasting venous blood samples were analysed, and HOMA-IR was calculated. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45±1.91 without a significant intersexual difference. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR=3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for TC and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as the significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and CVD in adulthood.

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Assessment of non-communicable disease related lifestyle risk factors among adult population in Bangladesh

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932021000286 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Md. Belal Hossain ◽

Mahmood Parvez ◽

Mir Raihanul Islam ◽

Hala Evans ◽

Sabuj Kanti Mistry

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Adult Population ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which can largely be prevented by controlling avoidable lifestyle-related risk factors, are rapidly penetrating the entire world, including developing countries. The present study aimed to assess NCD lifestyle risk factors among the adult population in Bangladesh. The data used in the study were collected as part of a population-based cross-sectional survey covering rural and urban areas of Bangladesh conducted in 2015–16 (N=11,982 adults aged ≥35 years). The lifestyle factors considered were diet (daily fruit and vegetable consumption and extra salt intake with meals), sleeping patterns, smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, and physical activity. The study found that approximately 18.5% of participants had a non-daily consumption of fruit or vegetables, 46.6% used extra salt with their meals, 11.8% reported sleeping <7 hours daily, 25.7% smoked tobacco, 60.9% used smokeless tobacco and 69.7% were less physically active. The prevalence of improper lifestyle practices relevant to NCDs, such as an inadequate diet, poor sleeping pattern, tobacco consumption, and low physical activity, was significantly higher among older adults, women, the uneducated, the unemployed, urban dwellers, and people from rich households. The study found that NCD-related lifestyle characteristics were poorly compliant with standard guidelines among many adult populations in Bangladesh. The findings can inform preventative strategies to control the overwhelming NCD burden in Bangladesh, such as the promotion of physical exercise, healthy eating, and the cessation of the use of tobacco products.

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Characteristics of Patients in Treatment for Alcohol and Drug Addiction Who Succeed in Changing Smoking, Weight, and Physical Activity: A Secondary Analysis of an RCT on Combined Lifestyle Interventions

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000510608 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Mette Rasmussen ◽

Karen Hovhannisyan ◽

Johanna Adami ◽

Hanne Tønnesen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Addiction ◽

Addiction Treatment ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Successful Outcome ◽

Lifestyle Interventions ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

Introduction: Patients addicted to alcohol or drug often have additional unhealthy lifestyles, adding to the high mortality and morbidity in this patient group. Therefore, it is important to consider lifestyle interventions as part of the usual addiction treatment. Objective: The aim was to identify predictors of successful changes in lifestyle risk factors among patients in treatment for alcohol or drug addiction. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a trial using a 6-week intensive integrated lifestyle intervention: The very integrated program (VIP). Patients were recruited in Addiction Centres Malmö and Psychiatry Skåne, Sweden. The primary outcome was successful changes in lifestyle, measured as quitting tobacco, exercising 30 min per day, and not being over- or underweight after 6 weeks and 12 months. Results: A total of 212 patients were included in the RCT, and 128 were included in this secondary analysis: 108 at 6 weeks and 89 at 12 months of follow-up. A total of 69 patients were respondents at both follow-ups. The follow-up rates were 51 and 42%, respectively. More education, having at least 2 lifestyle risk factors and having a high quality of life were predictors of a successful change in lifestyle after 6 weeks. After 12 months, the predictors for a successful outcome were having 3 or more risk factors, while an education level up to 3 years was a negative predictor. Conclusions: Having several unhealthy lifestyles in addition to alcohol and drug addiction was a significant predictor of successful lifestyle changes in the short- and long term after the VIP for lifestyle interventions. Likewise, education was significant. The results should be considered in future development and research among this vulnerable group of patients.

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Population-attributable risks for modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer in New Zealand women.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.26_suppl.15 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (26_suppl) ◽

pp. 15-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James Hayes

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

New Zealand ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

High Alcohol ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors ◽

High Alcohol Intake

15 Background: Breast cancer is an important cause of illness and death in New Zealand women. It is the most commonly registered cancer in women, and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. In 2009, 2,759 women were diagnosed with breast cancer and 658 women died from breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer is projected to stabilise in New Zealand, but the actual number of women diagnosed with breast cancer will increase because of the increasing proportion of older people and increasing size of the population. Methods: Estimates of the magnitude of modifiable lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer (relative risks and odds ratios obtained from published epidemiological studies) and the prevalence of exposure in New Zealand were used to calculate the population attributable risk percent (PAR%) for each risk factor. The PAR%s show the relative importance of these risk factors, and give an indication of the potential impact of reducing the prevalence of these lifestyle risk factors on the incidence of breast cancer in New Zealand. Results: Six modifiable lifestyle factors were identified for breast cancer. These were obesity, lack of physical activity, high alcohol intake, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and delayed first birth. The PAR%s for these risk factors ranged from 1% for delayed first birth to 10% for obesity (16% for Maori women and 17% for Pacific women). Conclusions: The most important primary preventive strategies to reduce the risk of breast cancer in New Zealand are promoting lifestyle changes to reduce obesity, promoting regular physical activity (which may in turn reduce the prevalence of obesity), reducing HRT use, and avoiding high alcohol intake. A strategy to promote regular physical activity and reduce obesity could also have other benefits, such as reduced risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

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Abstract P259: Genetic Risk Score, Lifestyle Cardiovascular Risk Score, and Myocardial Infarction in Hispanics

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p259 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mercedes Sotos-Prieto ◽

Ana Baylin ◽

Hannia Campos ◽

Lu Qi ◽

Josiemer Mattei

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Score ◽

Lifestyle Risk

Background: A genetic risk score (GRS) and a lifestyle cardiovascular risk score (LCRS) have been independently associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in Hispanics. However, it is unknown if there is an interaction or a joint association between these scores. Objectives: To assess the interactive and joint associations between a GRS and a LCRS, as well as each individual lifestyle risk factor on the likelihood of MI. Methods: Data included 1534 Costa Rican adults with nonfatal acute MI and 1534 without MI participating in a case-control study. The GRS was calculated by summing the number of the top three MI-associated risk alleles. The LCRS was calculated using the estimated coefficients as weights for each lifestyle risk factors (diet, physical activity, smoking, waist:hip ratio, low or high alcohol intake, and low socioeconomic status). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR), adjusting for age, sex, and area of residence (matching condition), and to test for interaction and joint association. Results: The multivariable OR for MI was 1.14 (95% CI 1.07, 1.22) per GRS unit and 2.72 (2.33, 3.91) per LCRS unit. Participants in the highest tertile of the GRS and highest tertile of the LCRS had higher odds of MI (5.43 [3.80, 7.76]) compared to those in the lowest category. A significant joint association was detected (p <0.0001), while the interaction term was non-significant (p=0.44). Similar results were found for the joint association between GRS and each individual lifestyle component: joint odds for highest risk category vs. lowest was 2.16 (1.53, 3.04) for diet, 1.85 (1.33, 2.59) for physical activity, 3.31 (2.45, 4.48) for smoking, 1.32 (0.92, 1.89) for alcohol, 2.84 (1.82, 4.42) for waist:hip ratio, and 1.86 (1.29, 2.69) for socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Although lifestyle risk factors and genetics contribute independently and in combination to the odds of MI, lifestyle risk factors were stronger among Costa Ricans. Efforts to improve lifestyle behaviors in this population, regardless of genetic susceptibility, may help prevent MI and related heart conditions.

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Diet and Cancer

Psycho-Oncology ◽

10.1093/med/9780190097653.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Marian L. Fitzgibbon ◽

Lisa Tussing-Humphreys ◽

Angela Kong ◽

Alexis Bains

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Research ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cancer Society ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Obesity And Cancer ◽

The Relationship

Diet contributes to the development of 30% to 35% of cancers. Shifts in the food landscape have contributed to changes in dietary intake, energy balance, and the development of obesity. Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m², is associated with several cancers. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), the American Cancer Society (ACS), and several large U.S.-based randomized trials are studying the relationship between diet, dietary patterns, lifestyle risk factors, obesity, and cancer. Prior research reported an association between individual nutrients and cancer risk. This research, however, did not fully investigate the complexity of diet and interactions between specific dietary components. Overall, according to data reported by the WCRF and the AICR, primary prevention of many cancers is possible through modifiable lifestyle changes. Identifying and intervening on barriers to lifestyle modifications remains a challenge, but it is increasingly apparent that there is a relationship between diet, lifestyle risk factors, and cancer development and that many cancers can be prevented.

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Associations Between Physical Activity and Other Lifestyle Behaviors in Older New Zealanders

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.4.4.412 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 412-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

William Mummery ◽

Gregory Kolt ◽

Grant Schofield ◽

Grant McLean

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Activity Measures ◽

Lifestyle Risk

Background:Physical activity is a key component of healthy aging. We investigated the relationships between physical activity measures and lifestyle risk factors.Methods:Representative population data (N = 1894) of New Zealand adults aged 60 years and older were analysed to study the association between physical activity, smoking, overweight and fruit and vegetable consumption.Results:Activity prevalence of four activity measures were 18.3% inactive/sedentary; 67.6% some recreational walking; 30.7% some vigorous activity; and 51.4% regular physical activity. Females were more likely than males to be inactive and activity levels decreased across age groups. Activity displayed a negative association to smoking and being overweight or obese, and a positive association with fruit and vegetable consumption.Conclusion:Associations between lifestyle risk factors and physical activity indicate a need to address the issue of healthy aging by means of a multi-factorial approach.

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Is lifestyle change around retirement associated with better physical performance in older age?: insights from a longitudinal cohort

European Journal of Ageing ◽

10.1007/s10433-021-00607-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sian M. Robinson ◽

Leo D. Westbury ◽

Kate Ward ◽

Holly Syddall ◽

Rachel Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Lifestyle Change ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Older Age ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

The Impact

AbstractA growing evidence base links individual lifestyle factors to physical performance in older age, but much less is known about their combined effects, or the impact of lifestyle change. In a group of 937 participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, we examined their number of lifestyle risk factors at 53 and 60–64 years in relation to their physical performance at 60–64, and the change in number of risk factors between these ages in relation to change in physical performance. At both assessments, information about lifestyle (physical activity, smoking, diet) was obtained via self-reports and height and weight were measured. Each participant’s number of lifestyle risk factors out of: obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2); inactivity (no leisure time physical activity over previous month); current smoking; poor diet (diet quality score in bottom quarter of distribution) was determined at both ages. Physical performance: measured grip strength, chair rise and standing balance times at both ages and conditional change (independent of baseline) in physical performance outcomes from 53 to 60–64 were assessed. There were some changes in the pattern of lifestyle risk factors between assessments: 227 (24%) participants had fewer risk factors by age 60–64; 249 (27%) had more. Reductions in risk factors were associated with better physical performance at 60–64 and smaller declines over time (all p < 0.05); these associations were robust to adjustment. Strategies to support reduction in number of lifestyle risk factors around typical retirement age may have beneficial effects on physical performance in early older age.

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Association of changes in lifestyle with changes in sleep difficulties: an analysis of 38 400 participants over a 16-year follow-up

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e050046

Author(s):

Mikhail Saltychev ◽

Juhani Juhola ◽

Jenni Ervasti ◽

Mika Kivimäki ◽

Jaana Pentti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk ◽

Sleep Difficulties

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between changes in lifestyle risk factors and changes is sleep difficulties.DesignLongitudinal repeated measures cohort study.SettingUniversity and national institute of occupational health.ParticipantsParticipants of the Finnish Public Sector study with information on sleep and lifestyle-related risk factors collected in five repeat surveys with 4‐year intervals from 2000 to 2017. The participants were those, who had responded at least twice and had a change in sleep difficulties (having sleep difficulties vs not) (142 969 observations from 38 400 respondents (mean age 45.5 (SD 9.2) years, 83% women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresChanges in sleep quality over time. Longitudinal fixed effects analysis, a method that accounts for time-invariant confounders by design, was used.ResultsAt first available response, sleep difficulties were experienced by 13 998 (36%) of the respondents. Respectively, the mean age was 44.3 (10.0) years, 7526 (20%) were obese, 13 487 (35%) reported low physical activity, 3338 (9%) extensively drinking and 6547 (17%) were smoking. Except for smoking, the changes in the studied modifiable risks were associated with changes in sleep difficulties. The ORs for having sleep difficulties were 1.41 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.48) for obesity, 1.10 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.13) for low physical activity and 1.43 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.51) for heavy drinking. For smoking, the association was negative with OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.86). Including all four modifiable risks into model changed the estimates only little.ConclusionsThe results of this longitudinal study suggest that changes in sleep quality are interconnected with changes in lifestyle.

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Obesity and lifestyle risk factors among an adult population in Legal Amazon, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Revista de Salud Pública ◽

10.15446/rsap.v18n1.30570 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 26-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rita De Cássia Spanhol ◽

Carlos Kusano Bucalen Ferrari

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

To evaluate the frequency of obesity and lifestyle risk factors in the population of Barra do Garças, Legal Amazon.Methodology A randomized, transversal study with 305 adults of both genders was performed. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, food dietary habits, frequency of smoking and alcoholic consumption, practice of physical activity, and the physical activity level were evaluated. Results Smoking and alcoholic consumption was higher among men compared to women. Almost 60 % of men engaged in leisure-time physical activities, whereas only 42.4 % of women practiced physical activity. Women were engaged in mostly sedentary behavior activities, such as watching television and using the computer use than men. Dietary daily intake of fruits and vegetables were higher among women compared to men (65.9 % and 51.5 %, respectively). Men were more prone to drink soft drinks than women. However, 39.4 % of men and only 3.4 % of women drank soft drinks three or more days per week. The prevalence of overweight and obesity according to body mass index (BMI) was higher in this study. 34.4 % of men and 33.7 % of women were overweight and 15.10 % and 17.50% of men and women, respectively, were classifyied as obese. Elevated values of waist circumference were found in 35.35 % of men and 70.73 % of women.Conclusión Women were more sedentary than men and had higher prevalence of abnormal waist circumference values.

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