scholarly journals CHANGES IN SEX RATIO AT BIRTH IN CHINA: A DECOMPOSITION BY BIRTH ORDER

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanbao Jiang ◽  
Qun Yu ◽  
Shucai Yang ◽  
Jesús J. Sánchez-Barricarte
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Compositional Change ◽  
Slight Rise

SummaryThe long-term high sex ratio at birth (SRB) is a serious issue in China. In this study, changes in SRB were decomposed into variations in SRB by birth order and compositional changes in female births by birth order. With SRB data from China’s surveys and censuses, and SRB data from South Korea’s vital registration and censuses from 1980–2015, the trend and decomposition results in SRB were compared between China and South Korea, and the decomposition results for urban and rural SRBs, and for provinces, are presented. In both China and South Korea the rise in the SRB was driven by a rise in the SRB at all birth orders, which was only partly counteracted by the change in the distribution of births by order. The overall rise in the SRB ended when there was a decline in the SRB at second birth or above in South Korea. In China the total effect of variations in SRB of all birth orders increased more for the rural population than for the urban population before 2000, resulting in a higher total SRB for rural than urban population. After 2000, the total effect of variations in SRB of all birth orders lowered the total SRB for the rural population, whereas the effect of compositional change increased the total SRB, leading to a very slight rise in the total SRB for the rural population. At the province level, there was no spatial autocorrelation for the changes in total SRB by province, the total effect of variations in SRB of all birth orders or the effect of compositional change. The effect of variations in SRB by birth order accounted for the majority of changes in total SRB in most provinces.

scholarly journals Secular changes of sex ratio at birth according to birth order in Korea: 1970-1998.

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Kyungeun LEE ◽  
Kouichi TAKASAKA ◽  
Yasushi DEJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Secular Changes

scholarly journals Sex Ratio at Birth in India, Its Relation to Birth Order, Sex of Previous Children and Use of Indigenous Medicine

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e20097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiksha Manchanda ◽  
Bedangshu Saikia ◽  
Neeraj Gupta ◽  
Sona Chowdhary ◽  
Jacob M. Puliyel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Indigenous Medicine

scholarly journals Can Hepatitis B Mothers Account for the Number of Missing Women? Evidence from Three Million Newborns in Taiwan

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2259-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jen Lin ◽  
Ming-Ching Luoh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Male Birth ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Missing Women

The “missing women” phenomenon in many Asian countries has previously been regarded as the result of son preference. However, some studies have argued half of the missing women can be explained by infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV). We demonstrate that the probability of having a male birth is only slightly higher for HBV mothers than for mothers without HBV. The sex ratio at birth rises for the higher birth order and that in families where the first two children are female. Our findings suggest that HBV status has little impact on the missing women phenomenon. (JEL I12, J16)

scholarly journals Socio-economic Development and Change in Sex-Ratio (at birth): Phase to re-examine it

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Devendra Kumar ◽  
Mamta Singh ◽  
Mohammed Sadik ◽  
Khurram Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
The Family ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Half Decade

The study attempts to understand the phenomenon of high economic growth that directed to favourable sex ratio in China, and South Korea whether it has created the similar affects in India also, study finds that initially in half decade of moderately high economic growth in 21st century the trends have not been observed favourably using the unit level information which was directly collected from the households. Study also finds that in recent trends of declining fertility household inclined to maintain perfect composition of the family in which a slightly large proportion of the households ensures that in second birth order they should give birth to son if they had daughter in first birth order. However, contrary to these trends, study finds in case if the parents have an option to stay with the daughter in their old age that significantly negatively influences the odd of giving birth to son.

scholarly journals Sex Ratio at Birth: A Retrospective Audit of the Birth Records of a Nigerian Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
AN Onyiriuka ◽  
EM Ikeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
North West ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Catholic Hospital

Aims: The aim was to determine the sex ratio at birth in St Philomena Catholic Hospital (SPCH), Benin City, south-south, Nigeria and to assess its relationship with birth order and maternal age. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the records of all deliveries at St Philomena Catholic Hospital (SPCH), Benin City, Nigeria between 1st January, 2005 and 31st December, 2014 (10 years) were retrieved and analyzed. Stillbirths and infants with ambiguous genitalia were excluded in the analysis. Results: The total number of live-births during the 10-year period under review was 13,702 and these consisted of 7,007 males and 6,695 females, resulting in a sex ratio of 104.7:100 (approximately 1.05) at birth. The yearly sex ratios varied from 1.01 to 1.14. The maternal age and the birth order significantly influenced offspring sex ratio at birth (p < 0.001). The highest sex ratio was found among third-birth-order offspring and the lowest was found among offspring of fifth-birth order and above. Offspring of mothers aged 25-29 years had the highest sex ratio and those of mothers aged 40 years and above had the lowest sex ratio. Conclusions: The sex ratio at birth in south-south Nigeria is comparable to values obtained from south-west Nigeria but lower than that obtained from north-west Nigeria. The birth order and maternal age influenced the offspring sex ratio at birth.  

scholarly journals Projecting sex imbalances at birth at global, regional, and national levels from 2018 to 2100: scenario-based Bayesian probabilistic projections of the sex ratio at birth and missing female births

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqing Chao ◽  
Patrick Gerland ◽  
Alex R. Cook ◽  
Christophe Z. Guilmoto ◽  
Leontine Alkema
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
To Come

Introduction: Skewed levels of the sex ratio at birth (SRB) due to sex-selective abortions have been observed in several countries since the 1970s. They will lead to long-term sex imbalances in more than a third of the world’s population with yet unknown social and economic impacts on affected countries. Understanding the potential evolution of sex imbalances at birth is therefore essential for anticipating and planning for changing sex structures across the world. Methods: We produced probabilistic SRB projections from 2018 to 2100 based on different scenarios of sex ratio transition and assessed their implications in terms of missing female births at global, regional, and national levels. Based on a comprehensive SRB database, we project the skewed SRB and missing female births with a Bayesian hierarchical time series mixture model. The SRB projections under reference scenario S1 assumed SRB transitions only for countries with strong statistical evidence of SRB inflation, and the more extreme scenario S2 assumed a sex ratio transition for countries at risk of SRB inflation but with no or limited evidence of ongoing inflation.Results: Under scenario S1, we projected 8.1 (95% uncertainty interval [2.3; 19.6]) million additional missing female births to occur by 2100. Countries affected will be those already affected in the past by imbalanced SRB, such as China and India. If all countries at risk of SRB inflation experience a sex ratio transition as in scenario S2, the projected missing female births increase to 24.8 [13.1; 44.1] million with a sizeable contribution of sub-Saharan Africa.Conclusion: The scenario-based projections provide important illustrations of the potential burden of future prenatal sex discrimination and the need to monitor SRBs in countries with son preference. Policy planning will be needed in the years to come to minimize future prenatal sex discrimination and its impact on social structures.

Child Gender and Parental Inputs: No More Son Preference in Korea?

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Jawon Choi ◽  
Jisoo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Endogenous Fertility ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Fertility Decisions

Sex ratio at birth remains highly skewed in Asian countries due to son preference. In South Korea, however, it has declined to the natural ratio. In this paper, we investigate whether son preference has disappeared in Korea by analyzing parents' time and monetary inputs by the sex of their child. We exploit randomness of the first child's sex to overcome potential bias from endogenous fertility decisions. Our findings show that mothers are more likely to work after having a girl, girls spend twice as much time as boys in housework activities, and parents spend more on private education for boys.

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