An introduction of the Accelerated Development of VAccine beNefit-risk Collaboration in Europe (ADVANCE) Project

The vaccine benefit-risk assessment entails comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the major benefits and risks of vaccine based on information after a marketing authorization. In 2009, the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic led to the licensing of new H1N1 vaccines in many countries including Europe. The post-marketing evaluation and monitoring of H1N1 vaccines was carried out based on a project previously conducted in Europe. In 2013, the Accelerated Development of VAccine beNefit-risk Collaboration in Europe (ADVANCE) project was launched with the support of Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) to address the limitations reported in the previous project. ADVANCE consisted of seven Work Packages (WPs), each indicating the vaccine benefitrisk monitoring readiness across four areas: Governance, Data source, Methods, and Study. First, a model for vaccine surveillance and governance with various functions such as decision making, quality management, execution, and financial administration was established. Also, the project developed a tool to identify, collect, and link the data sources available for vaccine surveillance. In addition, various methodologies were reviewed to assess the infectious disease burden, vaccine coverage, and benefit-risk based on linked data sources in Europe. Guidelines were proposed for real-world vaccine surveillance studies. Accordingly, a variety of tools and programs were developed, including a code of conduct related to the benefit-risk assessment of vaccines, ADVANCE International Research Readiness (AIRR), CodeMapper, and VaccO. Since the end of the ADVANCE project in 2019, the Vaccine Monitoring Collaboration for Europe (VAC4EU) has been conducting effective and sustainable vaccine benefit-risk monitoring programs based on the vision and ideology of ADVANCE. This study explains the contents and findings of ADVANCE with emphasis on WPs and proposes directions for establishing a vaccine benefit-risk assessment system in Korea.

Depression, Self-efficacy and Health Promotion Behaviors of Health University College Students

Objectives: The Purpose of this study is to find out the relationship among depression, self-efficacy, and health promotion behaviors of health college students and to develop programs and mediate strategies to improve desirable health promotion behaviors.Methods: This descriptive study examined the correlation between the depression, self-efficacy, and health promotion behaviors of health college students located in Daegu Metropolitan City participated in the study from October to December. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0. The general characteristics of the subjects were presented in frequency and percentage, and depression, self-efficacy and health promotion behaviors were presented in average and standard deviation. The results of this study were as follows: First, the correlation between depression, self-efficacy and health promotion behavior was analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the effects of general characteristics, depression, and self-efficacy on health promotion behaviors.Results: The depression of health college students was 14.94 ± 11.51, the total score of self-efficacy was 74.60 ± 12.92, and the health promotion behavior was 74.85 ± 18.62. As a result of analyzing the correlation between depression, self-efficacy and health promotion behavior, depression had a statistically significant negative correlation with health promotion behavior, and self-efficacy and health promotion behavior had a statistically significant positive correlation. The factors that depression and self-efficacy have influence on health promotion behavior were gender, depression (-0.15, p= 0.048), and self-efficacy (0.59, p< 0.001).Conclusions: The depression, self-efficacy, and health promotion behaviors of health college students were found to be correlated; development of health promotion programs to improve desirable health promotion behaviors is required.

Factors Affecting Quality of Life of Hemodialysis Patients - with Focus on Resilience, Symptom Experience and Self-management

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting quality of life of hemodialysis patients.Methods: As a descriptive study, the data were collected from 172 hemodialysis patients receiving hemodialysis at 4 medical institutions. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression.Results: The influential variable of the quality of Life of hemodialysis patients were resilience, symptom experience and monthly income less than 2 million won. These factors explained for 48.7% of the quality of Life of hemodialysis patients.Conclusions: The most ideal method to increase the quality of hemodialysis patients’ lives is to develop an integrated nursing intervention that will increase patients’ resilience and reduce the intensity of symptoms.

Relation between Dental Hygienists’ Participation in Continuing Education and License Registration Awareness

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relevant factors between the completion of continuing education that is required for license registration and license registration awareness.Methods: The data were conducted an online questionnaire survey on 330 dental hygienists working in dental clinic in Daegu. Data were analyzed using frequency, logistic regression, multiple regression with the SPSS 25.0 program.Results: It was revealed that 83.4% of the subjects of this study completed continuing education. The variables that were statistically significant in multivariate analysis with license registration awareness as a dependent variable were marital status, education level, number of dental hygienists, main duty, annual, monthly leave, route of information, and experience of getting official documents. Finally, when continuing education was completed, license registration awareness was found to have a positive correlation compared to those who did not complete continuing education (p< 0.001).Conclusions: The role and responsibility of the Korean Dental Hygienists Association is more important for practical alternatives and improvements leading to license registration by increasing the completion of continuing education and license registration awareness.

The Relevance among Dietary Habits, Body Mass Index and Oral Disease Symptom Experiences of Korean High School Students-Focusing on the 15th Online Youth Health Behavior Survey in 2019

Objectives: This study was to survey the distribution of Korean high school students’ dietary habits, body mass index (BMI) and oral symptom experiences and analyze the relevance of those to contribute to the development of a program to prevent and manage their oral diseases.Methods: The analysis was based on the raw data of the 15th Online Youth Health Behavior Survey in 2019 and the subjects were 27,919 high school students which went under complex sample analysis.Results: In the dietary habits of the subjects, the highest were ‘once or twice a week’ with 33.8% in recent 7 days’ fruit intake frequency, 42.9% of ‘once or twice a week’ in soda intake frequency, 35.8% of ‘once or twice a week’ in sweet drinks frequency, and 56.1% of ‘once or twice a week’ in fast food frequency. BMI showed the highest 52.9% of ‘normal’, 19.5% of ‘obesity’, 14.1% of ‘overweight’, and 13.5% of ‘underweight’ in order. In the recent 12-month experience of oral disease symptoms, the highest was 39.2% of ‘none’ with 25.4% of ‘one’, 18.0% of ‘more than three’, and 17.4% of ‘two’ in order. In the affecting factors on BMI ‘3 or 4 times a week’ in soda, ‘once or twice a week’ in sweet drinks were significantly high and ‘3 or 4 times a week’ were significantly low in vegetable intake (p< 0.05). The affecting factors on oral disease symptoms were significantly lower with male than female, and those on academic achievements and economic status were significantly lower in ‘mid’ than in ‘low’ (p< 0.01). ‘Once or twice a week’ soda intake and less sweet drinks and fast food were significantly low (p< 0.01). Less vegetable intake showed significantly higher (p< 0.01), and there were no significant relevance between BMI and oral disease symptoms.Conclusions: It is suggested that a program be developed as soon as possible for preventing and managing oral diseases for adolescents to grow up to be healthy adults in terms of surveying characteristic distribution of dietary habits, BMI and oral disease symptoms and analyzing the relevance among them efficiently.

The Association between Changes in Physical Activity and Its Related Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Based on the Data from 2020 Community Health Survey in Daegu

Objectives: We investigated relation between changes in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and its related factors in Daegu Metropolitan City.Methods: 6,910 subjects were selected from 2020 Community Health Survey in Daegu. We analyzed the relation of changes in physical activity and general characteristics, health behavior, health status, health anxiety, mental health, chronic disease.Results: 49.7% of the total survey subjects, 47.8% of hypertensive patients, 46.7% of diabetic, and 54.3% of obesity patient showed a decrease in physical activity during the COVID-19 outbreak. Results by multiple logistic regression analysis, in female (odds ratio, OR = 1.37; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.18-1.59), 19-29y (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.18-1.88), 30s (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.18-1.96), 40s (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.20-2.00), residents in the urban area (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.18-1.69), non-practice of moderate to vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.26-1.76), high health anxiety from COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.21-1.65), perceived depression (OR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.50-2.40), and obesity (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.07-1.41) more decreased than before COVID-19 pandemic in physical activity.Conclusions: The prolonged reduction in physical activity due to COVID-19 may increase the burden of disease on infectious and chronic diseases. Therefore, a public health intervention is essential to increase physical activity for the group with a high decrease in physical activity and then interventions are needed involving the entire population.

The Effects of Self-leadership, Self-directed Learning Competency, and Clinical Competency on Career Adaptability of Nursing Students: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Self-directed Learning Competency and Clinical Competency

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of self-leadership, self-directed learning competency, and clinical competency on the career adaptability of nursing college students. This study also was conducted to explore the mediating effects of self-directed learning competency and clinical competency on the relationship between self-leadership and career adaptability among nursing college students.Methods: Participants were 150 nursing college students. Data were collected from November 1 to November 30, 2020 using self-report questionnaires and were analyzed using frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression analysis, and Baron and Kenny’s method for mediation with IBM SPSS 22.0.Results: The regression model explained 64.0% variance of nursing college students’ career adaptability (F = 63.94, p< 0.001). Significant factors were clinical competency (β= 0.40, p< 0.001), self-directed learning competency (β= 0.36, p< 0.001), self-leadership (β= 0.18, p= 0.011), and application motivation (β= 0.11, p= 0.035). Moreover, self-directed learning competency showed partial mediating effects on self-leadership and career adaptability. Clinical competency also showed partial mediating effects on self-leadership and career adaptability.Conclusions: The results suggest that nursing college students’ career adaptability can be increased through strategies aimed at increasing self-leadership, self-directed learning competency, and clinical competency.

Regional Disparity in Adult Obesity Prevalence, and Its Determinants

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting regional disparities in the prevalence of adult obesity.Methods: This study is an ecological study in which the unit of analysis were 229 local authorities (si = 78, gun = 82, and gu = 68). The data were obtained from database (ver 1.1) of community health outcomes and health determinants (2015-2017) and Community Health Survey data (2018-2019). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors related to the prevalence of obesity in 4 groups (all regions, si, gun, and gu).Results: The prevalence of regional obesity varied 23.5% to 45.15% with a mean of 34.13%. Obesity prevalence was highest in ‘gun’, and lowest in ‘gu’ area. In the overall model, sociodemographic characteristics including sex ratio (β= 0.26), household income over 3 million won (β= -0.23), and the unemployment (β= -0.18)), high-risk drinking (β= 0.18), and satisfaction with public transportation (β= -0.24) were associated with the prevalence of regional obesity. Other than those things, in ‘si’ area, population density, walking practice, in ‘gun’ area, participation in social activity were associated with the prevalence of regional obesity.Conclusions: To reduce obesity prevalence and it’s regional disparities, it is important to make intervention and prevention efforts taking into account the socioeconomic and physical environmental characteristics of the region as well as health behaviors.

Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction of First Year University Students

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of psychosocial factors and addiction-related factors on the life satisfaction of college freshmen.Methods: This study used the data of 212 first-year college students from the survey on the actual condition of addiction conducted by the B Addiction Management Integrated Support Center in G Metropolitan City in 2017.Results: Life satisfaction of college students was found to have an inverse correlation with smartphone addiction and depression, and there was a correlation between life satisfaction and social support. As a result of analyzing the variables affecting the life satisfaction of freshmen in college, social support, school life satisfaction, depression, economic level, and smartphone addiction were in the following order.Conclusions: It is necessary to develop various interventions and related programs for the prevention of problems related to psychosocial and addiction issues in order to improve life satisfaction of university freshmen.

Cross-sectional Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Obesity among Students in a University at Gyeonggi Province

Objectives: This study examined the associations between lifestyle factors and obesity among university students.Methods: In this cross-sectional correlational study, 671 students completed measures of lifestyle factors (dietary habit, exercise, smoking, and alcohol drinking), health concern, academic stress, and anthropometric indices. Obesity was classified by body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC). The data were analyzed with χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression.Results: The frequencies of obesity and abdominal obesity were higher in male students than in female students (17.6% vs. 3.4% by BMI, 18.9% vs. 5.9% by AC). Abdominal obesity in students with diabetic parent was higher (16.8%) than in students without diabetic family history (9.2%). Obesity of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 associated with breakfast absence of 5-7 times/week (odds ratio, OR: 1.98, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.05-3.71). Abdominal obesity associated with instant foods intake of 5-7 times/week (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.14-6.17), fast foods intake of 3-4 times/week (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.48-5.56), snacks of 3-4 times/wk (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.15-4.00), and consumed alcohol of ≥ 1 glass a day (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.19-3.73).Conclusions: Breakfast absence is associated with obesity. Instant foods, fast foods, snacks, and alcohol consumption are the associated factors with abdominal obesity among university students.