An in-line sampling technique to measure the bacterial contamination of milk during milking

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. McKinnon ◽  
A. John Bramley ◽  
Steven V. Morant
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Line Sampling ◽  
Compositional Quality ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Quality Of Milk

SummaryThe development of devices to sample milk at the clawpiece and at the end of the pipeline during milking are described. The results of tests to compare the bacteriological and compositional quality of milk collected from the sampling devices or from the recorder jar or milk cans were similar, demonstrating that the samples provided accurate and representative values. The use of the in-line sampling technique, whereby samples of the milk are taken at three points during its passage through the milking plant, to assess accurately the sources of bacterial contamination of bulk tank milk on farms is discussed.

scholarly journals The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and their virulence genes in bulk tank milk in Kosovo

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Mehmeti ◽  
Hysen Bytyqi ◽  
Skender Muji ◽  
Ingolf F Nes ◽  
Dzung B Diep
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Introduction: Milk is considered to be a healthy, nutritious food product. Microbiological quality is an important aspect in evaluating the quality of milk. Methodology: A total of 603 bulk tank milk samples from 221 farms distributed across ten different regions were collected for milk quality assessment. Quality was judged by total viable count, and the prevalence of two foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) by using selective media and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The presence of virulence genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Results: Milk from only 7% (15/221) of farms were found to comply with the European Union standard. Interestingly, the microbiological quality of milk from the larger herd size farms (more than 10 cows) was better than in smaller herds. L. monocytogenes was found in 2.7% (6/221) of farms, and all the examined L. monocytogenes isolates were positive with respect to the virulence genes prfA, actA, and hlyA. S. aureus was found in 39.8% (88/221) of the farms. In total, 30.7% (27/88) of the staphylococci were positive for enterotoxin production. The enterotoxins identified were toxin B (40.7%), toxin D (33.4%), toxin C (18.5%), and toxin A (7.4%). Conclusions: The total number of bacteria in milk was very high. The presence of two foodborne pathogens in raw milk represents a great health risk to consumers. To improve the microbial quality of milk in Kosovo, important measures to improve hygiene, including better information, guidance, and control, are needed.

Risk factors associated with bacteriological quality of bulk tank milk in the Netherlands

2011 ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
R. G. M. Olde Riekerink ◽  
S. Jansen Venneboer ◽  
J. D. Miltenburg ◽  
T. J. G. M. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Bulk Tank

Herd characteristics and management practices associated with bulk tank milk quality of dairy herds in southeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605-1610
Author(s):  
Cristina Simões Cortinhas ◽  
Bruno Garcia Botaro ◽  
Susana Nori de Macedo ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Hygienic Quality of Bulk Tank Milk Produced in Central Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Pytlewski ◽  
Ireneusz Antkowiak ◽  
Maciej Adamski ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Ryszard Skrzypek
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Hygienic Quality ◽  
Bulk Tank

Factors Associated with Hygienic Quality of Bulk Tank Milk Produced in Central PolandThe aim of this study was a complex analysis of organizational and technological factors affecting somatic cell count (SCC) and total microorganism count (SPC) in bulk tank milk produced in the area of Łódź Voivodeship. The study was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire completed directly in 205 family farms, maintaining Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian cows. The data were analysed statistically using multifactor analysis of variance. The following factors decreased SCC in milk: application of mechanical ventilation in the cowshed; disinfection of stalls for cows; frequent inspection of milking equipment efficiency by a specialized service (twice vs. once a year); application of manual pre-milking udder massage; dry period of a standard length of 6-8 weeks (vs. 2-5 weeks); application of concentrates in amounts of at least 3 kg/day/cow; application of meadow hay and straw or hay only among roughages in cow feeding (vs. straw only); addition of vitamin E and Cu to feeding ration for cows and individual housing of replacement heifers between 1-3 months of age (vs. group system). In turn, the following factors decreased SPC: participation of milkers in specialist trainings; cleaning of teats before milking using wet towel or washing with water containing a disinfectant; "dry" storage of milking equipment between milkings; culling of cows due to mastitis; application of vitamin A and Zn; no use of milk from mastitic cows in calf feeding; and individual housing of replacement heifers during the first month of life.

scholarly journals Short communication: Evaluation of bulk tank milk microbiological quality of nine dairy farms in Tennessee

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 4275-4279 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Gillespie ◽  
M.J. Lewis ◽  
S. Boonyayatra ◽  
M.L. Maxwell ◽  
A. Saxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Communication Evaluation ◽  
Bulk Tank

Changes in the producer payments scheme

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. J. Amies
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Price Adjustments ◽  
Pricing System ◽  
Compositional Quality ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Milk Marketing

For many years, the Milk Marketing Board (MMB) of England and Wales has operated a pricing system related to the compositional quality of milk supplied by the producer and to the month of supply. As milk production has increased and the seasonal pattern altered, a need has arisen to alter the pricing system.The volume of milk for manufacture has more than doubled since 1970 and now exceeds that taken by the liquid market. The fat and protein elements of milk are of considerably greater value to the manufacturing market than lactose. To match producer payments more closely to market realities, the MMB will, from April 1984, replace the fat and solids-not-fat compositional quality payment scheme with one based on fat, protein and lactose. The proposed prices at 1983/84 levels are: fat, 2.02; protein, 1.77; and lactose, 0.28 pence/1/10 g/kg.In the last 10 years, the seasonal trough of production has moved from December to August/September. It is still deepening and adds considerably to marketing costs. In an attempt to slow this trend and also provide a disincentive to additional supplies at peak, the MMB is altering its seasonal price adjustments. Milk prices will be increased in August and September and decreased in May and June.These changes will not affect the total sum of money available to producers, hence most of them will see little difference to their annual income. The exception will be those producers supplying milk of either especially low or high protein and, to a lesser extent, fat content. The change in seasonal adjustments will, however, cause a noticeable disruption in the cash flow to all producers.

The effect of environmental factors on the microbiological quality of bulk tank milk

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 755-758
Author(s):  
F. Peles ◽  
P. Keresztúri ◽  
A. Iglói ◽  
A. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank

Mastitis-Causing Streptococci Are Important Contributors to Bacterial Counts in Raw Bulk Tank Milk

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2644-2650 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. ZADOKS ◽  
R. N. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
K. J. BOOR ◽  
Y. H. SCHUKKEN
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
York State ◽  
Bulk Tank

The objective of this study was to probe the contribution of streptococci to the microbial quality of raw milk. Over a 5-month period, bulk tank milk samples from 48 New York State dairy farms were analyzed qualitatively for bacterial ecology and quantitatively for total bacterial, streptococcal, staphylococcal, and gram-negative bacterial counts. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of differential counts to total bacterial counts. Streptococci, staphylococci, and gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69, 3, and 3% of total bacterial count variability, respectively. Randomly selected Streptococcus isolates from each bulk tank milk sample were identified to species by means of the API 20 STREP identification system. The most commonly identified streptococcal species were Streptococcus uberis, Aerococcus viridans, and Streptococcus agalactiae, which were detected in 81, 50, and 31% of 48 bulk tank samples, respectively. For five herds, S. uberis isolates from bulk tank milk and individual cows were characterized by PvuII ribotyping. A farm-specific dominant ribotype was found in each bulk tank sample, and that ribotype was isolated from at least one cow within each herd of origin. Bacteriological and strain typing data indicate that control of streptococci, specifically mastitis-causing species, is important for improvement of the microbial quality of raw milk in New York State.

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