Effect of feeding hay vs. silages of various types to dairy cows on feed intake, milk composition and coagulation properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Elisa Manzocchi ◽  
Werner Hengartner ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Katrin Giller
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypotheses (1) that milk produced from hay-fed cows differs from that of silage-fed cows and (2) that silage type has an important impact, too. Four diets differing in forage type but with equal estimated milk production potential and a forage:concentrate ratio of 0.85 : 0.15 were compared regarding their effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk properties. The forages tested were hay, grass silage, conventional short-chopped and long-chopped maize silage subjected to a novel processing technology (Shredlage®). Twenty-four dairy cows were fed two of the four diets in two consecutive runs in an incomplete (4 × 2) Latin-square design (n = 12 per diet). Each experimental period lasted 22 d, with 12 d of adaptation and 10 d of sampling. During sampling, feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily, milk composition and coagulation properties were determined four times. The composition of the diet ingredients was analysed weekly. Data were analysed with a mixed model considering feed, period and their interaction as fixed effects. Stage of lactation, milk yield and milk composition from the pre-experimental period were used as covariates in the model. Dry matter intake was lower with the long-chopped processed maize silage compared to the other three groups. There were some diet differences in intakes of net energy for lactation and absorbable protein in the duodenum, but this did not result in changes in milk yield. The milk fat content was higher with the grassland-based diets compared to the maize silage diets. No treatment effect on milk acidity and rennet coagulation properties was observed. In conclusion, there were no indications for specific physico-chemical properties of milk from a hay-based diet, and maize processing technology was not of large effect either. Future investigations should focus on sensory differentiation of the milk produced with different forages.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize grain by hybrid rye grain in the TMR on performance of mid-lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Rajtar ◽  
Marek Sady ◽  
Paweł Górka ◽  
Sylvia Kehoe ◽  
Piotr Micek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Maize Grain

Abstract Grain from traditional varieties of rye is not commonly used in dairy cattle nutrition. However, new hybrid varieties of rye currently available are characterized by some nutritional and agrotechnical benefits. This paper deals with the hypothesis that rye grain derived from a hybrid variety may be an alternative for maize grain in diets for dairy cattle. Sixteen lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two groups according to their parity (8 primi- and 8 multiparous), stage of lactation (106 ± 30 days after calving) and milk yield (34 ± 4 kg/day). Cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing grass silage and whole crop maize silage and 29.2% of the concentrate (in dry matter). The latter contained approximately 48% of either maize grain (M) or hybrid rye grain (HR) as a main source of cereal grain. Experimental diets were fed for 9-weeks. The use of HR as a substitute for M did not affect (P>0.05) dry matter intake and milk yield. There were no differences between treatment groups in the content of milk solids, amino acids, and fatty acid profile. However, substituting M by HR positively influenced composition of milk protein fractions by increasing the proportion of α-casein (37.0 vs 39.7%; P<0.01) and к-casein (6.5 vs 7.3%; P=0.02) as well as decreasing the proportion of β-casein (28.8 vs 27.8%; P=0.02) and sensory characteristics of the milk (body and texture and taste; P<0.05). In turn, the composition of the diet did not affect the technological suitability for processing of milk fat (acid and peroxide number, melting and solidification temperature), rennet coagulation time, heat stability or titratable acidity. This study has shown that hybrid rye grain may be an alternative for maize grain in a TMR based on grass and whole maize silage for mid-lactation dairy cows. Further studies are needed with higher proportion of hybrid rye grain in TMR or with other roughages used in a basal diet to fully determine efficiency of hybrid rye grain use in diets for dairy cows.

Influence of supplementary fish oil and rumen-protected methionine on milk yield and composition in dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES CHILLIARD ◽  
MICHEL DOREAU
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

The effects of a daily supplement of 300 ml fish oil and 20 g rumen-protected methionine, alone or in combination, were investigated in mid-lactation cows receiving a maize silage-based diet ad lib. Fish oil significantly decreased feed intake, increased milk yield, decreased protein and casein concentrations, and especially fat concentration (by 13·1 g/kg) and output. Fat concentration decreased more in primiparous than in multiparous cows. Methionine supplementation increased protein and casein concentrations and outputs. No significant interaction between oil and methionine supplementation was found on milk composition. Treatments did not modify live weight or body condition changes, or lactose and non-casein nitrogenous compounds in milk. Oil plus methionine supplementation made it possible to decrease milk fat content without changing protein content.

scholarly journals Feed sorting and intake affected by the physical form and composition of the total mixed ration in dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-745
Author(s):  
Félix Hilario Diaz González ◽  
Diego Martínez Del Olmo ◽  
Rodrigo Muiño ◽  
José Luis Benedito ◽  
Joaquín Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Physical Form

AbstractThis study observes the effects of manipulating the diet in its physical form and in cereal composition of the concentrate on sorting behaviour, feed intake, composition of milk, and degree of discomfort in dairy cows. In a commercial dairy farm with 360 mid-lactation Holstein cows (averaged 105 days), three treatments of feeding handling were applied sequentially during 120 days, each separated by periods of 30 days of resting: (1) Time of chopping of the total mixed ration (TMR): 15min (N= 180) and 23min (N= 180), (2) Physical form of the concentrate: meal (N= 180) and pellet (N= 180), and (3) Cereal composition in the concentrate: mix of corn, barley and wheat in traditional proportions (3.6:1:1) (N= 120), barley only (N= 120) and corn only (N= 120). Animals feeding TMR chopped for 23min selected less and consumed more ration, and had more milk protein and less discomfort than cows feeding TMR chopped for 15min. The physical form of the concentrate, meal or pellet, did not affect feed sorting, but the meal form resulted in greater feed intake and milk fat percentage. The type of cereal in the concentrate did not affect feed sorting but affected feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. In conclusion, it is recommended using TMR chopped during 23min instead of 15min and using the traditional mix of cereals in the concentrate (corn, barn and wheat) instead of using only one cereal.

The effects of feeding different starch sources and concentrations on milk production of high yielding Holstein cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
R.E. Lawson ◽  
A.R. Moss ◽  
C. Rymer ◽  
J.S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Ground Wheat

Mansbridge (1995) reported that replacing ground wheat with a mix of ground wheat and maize grain increased milk protein concentration, which led the authors to speculate that increased inclusion of maize grain increased rumen by-pass starch. Indeed, de Visseret al(1990) reported that feeding less rapidly degradable starches has led to increased milk protein concentration.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of starch concentration and source on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows.

Oil palm meal and urea pellet can partially replace soybean meal in the rations of lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ratchataporn Lunsin ◽  
Suntriporn Duanyai ◽  
Ruangyote Pilajun
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Context Several agro-industrial by-products such as oil palm meal could be useful as animal feeds in support of low cost of feed for livestock production. Aims This study investigated the effects of oil palm meal and urea pellet (PMUP) as a protein replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Methods Five multiparous, early to mid-lactation, Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows (75% Holstein-Friesian × 25% Thai Native Bos indicus) were randomly allocated in a 5 × 5 Latin square design to receive PMUP replacement for SBM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in concentrate. Key results The results show that roughage, total dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) intakes in the cows fed with 25–75% PMUP were significantly higher than in the cows fed 100% PMUP (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the ether extract (EE) intake of the cows receiving the PMUP was higher than that of the control (P &lt; 0.05). Accordingly, the apparent digestibility, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) of cows fed with PMUP replacement of SBM at 25–75% was higher than that in cows fed with 100% PMUP. In addition, milk yield and milk composition were not significantly different among treatments, whereas feed costs per kg milk yield was lowest in cow fed with 100% PMUP (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Replacing SBM with PMUP up to 50–100% in concentrate could reduce costs of feed per kg milk yield, but lower feed intake, nutrient utilisation and rumen fermentation were observed in cow fed with 100% PMUP. The use of PMUP from 25–75% replacement of SBM had no significant effects on the feed intake, nutrient utilisation, rumen fermentation and milk production. Therefore, the level of PMUP replacement of SBM in concentrate for lactating dairy cow should not exceed 75%. Implications PMUP could be used as a protein replacement for SBM in concentrate for lactating dairy cows. These findings should be applied further in practical farm condition in order to increase livestock production efficiency.

The effect of ammoniated and roasted barley on rumen pH, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
M. H. Fathi ◽  
A. Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Cereal grains can provide the major source of energy in diets in order to meet the nutrient requirements of high producing dairy cows. However the amount of starch that can be included in the diets of dairy cows is limited particularly if starch is rapidly fermented such as barley starch. Reduction of feed intake, rumen pH, milk fat test, microbial growth and other metabolic disorders are expected if ruminally degradable starch is fed in amount that cant be efficiently metabolized by rumen microbs. Various techniques for processing barley grain have been developed to decrease the degradability of dry matter in rumen without reducing its extent of digestion. McNiven (1995) showed roasting of barley is more effective treatment. The objective of this experiment was to study of effects the roasting and ammoniation of barley grain on rumen pH, feces pH, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemental rumen-protected lysine, methionine or both added to diet of lactating dairy cows on milk fatty acids profile

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Křížová ◽  
Jiří Třináctý ◽  
Jarmila Svobodová ◽  
Michal Richter ◽  
Vladimír Černý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) or both added to diet of dairy cows in the form of rumen-protected (RP) tablets on changes in milk fatty acids (FA) profile. The trial was carried out on four lactating Holstein cows in the form of Latin square design and was divided into 4 periods of 14 d (10-d preliminary period and a 4-d experimental period). The four treatments were as follows: C – control without amino acids (AA) supplementation, L – supplement of RP Lys, M – supplement of RP Met and ML – supplement of RP Met and Lys. Cows were fed on a diet based on maize silage, lucerne hay and supplemental mixture. Milk yield in ML (34.18 kg/d) was higher than in L or M (32.46 kg and 32.13 kg, respectively, P < 0.05) and tended to be higher than in C (33.33 kg/d, P > 0.05). Protein yield in ML (1054 g / d) was higher than that found in C, L or M (990, 998 or 968 g / d, respectively, P < 0.05). Milk fat content and yield in C and ML was higher in comparison to L and M (P < 0.05). Content of short-chain FA (C 4:0–C 12:0) was not affected by the treatment except of L that was lower than in C (P < 0.05). Content of medium-chain FA in M was lower compared to C, L or ML (P < 0.05). The content of long-chain FA in M was significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). The total content of SFA in M was lower than in C or ML (P < 0.05) and tended to be lower than in L. Contents of UFA, MUFA and PUFA in M were higher than in C and ML (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of rumen protected choline and methionine on milk yield and composition of early lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaraj Neelima ◽  
Purushothaman Sajith ◽  
K. Ally ◽  
Ananth Deepa ◽  
Simon Shibu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted on early lactating dairy cows to study the effect of rumen protected choline (RPC) and methionine (RPM) on milk yield and composition. Fifteen crossbred dairy cows in early lactation (within 10 days of calving) were selected and randomly allotted to any one of the following three dietary treatments, T1 (Control)- with compound feed mixture containing CP- 20% and TDN- 68% , T2- T1+20g RPM and 20g RPC, T3- with compound fed mixture containing CP- 17%, TDN- 68% + 20g RPM and 20g RPC. All the experimental animals were fed as per ICAR feeding standards (ICAR, 2013). Results revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in milk yield and 4 per cent fat corrected milk (FCM) yield between the three treatment groups. Among the milk constituents, animals in T3 had significantly higher milk fat (p<0.05), SNF (p<0.05), protein (p<0.05) and total solids (p<0.01) compared to those in T1 and T2. Milk urea nitrogen levels did not differ significantly among the three treatments and were within the normal range. The study showed that milk composition could be effectively improved by supplementing feed with rumen protected forms of choline and methionine in combination at lower dietary protein level without any reduction in milk yield.

scholarly journals Milk performance of dairy cows supplemented with rape seed oil, peanut oil, and sunflower seed oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.J. Dai ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
Q. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementing different plant oils to the basal diet on milk yield and milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 120 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 580 &plusmn; 18.2 kg; milk yield = 33.0 &plusmn; 2.00 kg/day) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned to four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% rapeseed oil (RSO), 2% peanut oil (PNO) and 2% sunflower seed oil (SFO). Milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose) were measured. Dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. The supplementation of plant oil increased milk yield, with the highest milk yield in RSO group. Percentages of milk fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and SCC were not affected by treatments except for an increase in milk protein content in oil supplemented groups. The fatty acid (FA) profile of milk was altered by fat supplementation. Feeding plant oils reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C4:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) fatty acids, and increased the proportion of long-chain (&ge; C18:0) fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of vegetable oils increased the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat was higher from RSO to PNO and SFO was higher than the control. The TVA concentration was higher in the SFO diet, followed by PNO, RSO, and control diets. The results of this study indicated that linoleic acid was more effective in enhancing contents of TVA and CLA in milk fat than oleic acid. No significant effects of week and treatment by week interaction were found out in this study. Overall, feeding plant oils increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in milk fat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RSO increases milk yield the most, while SFO enhances the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat more effectively.

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