Influence of supplementary fish oil and rumen-protected methionine on milk yield and composition in dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES CHILLIARD ◽  
MICHEL DOREAU
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Methionine Supplementation

The effects of a daily supplement of 300 ml fish oil and 20 g rumen-protected methionine, alone or in combination, were investigated in mid-lactation cows receiving a maize silage-based diet ad lib. Fish oil significantly decreased feed intake, increased milk yield, decreased protein and casein concentrations, and especially fat concentration (by 13·1 g/kg) and output. Fat concentration decreased more in primiparous than in multiparous cows. Methionine supplementation increased protein and casein concentrations and outputs. No significant interaction between oil and methionine supplementation was found on milk composition. Treatments did not modify live weight or body condition changes, or lactose and non-casein nitrogenous compounds in milk. Oil plus methionine supplementation made it possible to decrease milk fat content without changing protein content.

Effect of feeding hay vs. silages of various types to dairy cows on feed intake, milk composition and coagulation properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Elisa Manzocchi ◽  
Werner Hengartner ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Katrin Giller
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation

AbstractThis research paper addresses the hypotheses (1) that milk produced from hay-fed cows differs from that of silage-fed cows and (2) that silage type has an important impact, too. Four diets differing in forage type but with equal estimated milk production potential and a forage:concentrate ratio of 0.85 : 0.15 were compared regarding their effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk properties. The forages tested were hay, grass silage, conventional short-chopped and long-chopped maize silage subjected to a novel processing technology (Shredlage®). Twenty-four dairy cows were fed two of the four diets in two consecutive runs in an incomplete (4 × 2) Latin-square design (n = 12 per diet). Each experimental period lasted 22 d, with 12 d of adaptation and 10 d of sampling. During sampling, feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily, milk composition and coagulation properties were determined four times. The composition of the diet ingredients was analysed weekly. Data were analysed with a mixed model considering feed, period and their interaction as fixed effects. Stage of lactation, milk yield and milk composition from the pre-experimental period were used as covariates in the model. Dry matter intake was lower with the long-chopped processed maize silage compared to the other three groups. There were some diet differences in intakes of net energy for lactation and absorbable protein in the duodenum, but this did not result in changes in milk yield. The milk fat content was higher with the grassland-based diets compared to the maize silage diets. No treatment effect on milk acidity and rennet coagulation properties was observed. In conclusion, there were no indications for specific physico-chemical properties of milk from a hay-based diet, and maize processing technology was not of large effect either. Future investigations should focus on sensory differentiation of the milk produced with different forages.

Effects of supplementation of dairy cattle with fish oil on silage intake, milk yield and milk composition

2000 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY W. J. KEADY ◽  
C. SINCLAIR MAYNE ◽  
DEIRDRE A. FITZPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

The effects of level of fish oil inclusion in the diet on grass silage intake, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows offered either 5 or 10 kg concentrates/d were evaluated in a ten treatment, partly balanced, changeover design experiment involving 50 cows in early lactation. Concentrates were prepared to provide 0, 150, 300 or 450 g fish oil/cow per d or 300 g fish oil/cow per d from a premix when each animal was offered 5 kg/d. The fish oil was predominantly from herring and mackerel caught in the North Atlantic while the fish oil premix was obtained from a commercial source and used palm kernel expeller as a carrier. Increasing fish oil supplementation decreased silage dry matter intake and the concentrations of milk fat and protein, and increased milk yield and diet digestibility. There were significant interactions between concentrate feed level and level of fish oil for silage intake and milk yield. Other than for the concentrations of milk fat and protein, and 20[ratio ]4n−6 fatty acids, the source of fish oil did not affect forage intake or animal performance. Fish oil supplementation also decreased the concentrations of milk protein by 0·9 g/kg for each 100 g increase in fish oil supplementation, the depression being similar at each level of concentrate feeding. Supplementing the feed of dairy cows with 450 g fish oil/cow per d decreased the concentration of milk fat by 15 g/kg. This study also showed that feeding dairy cattle with fish oil is an efficient method of increasing eicosapentaenoic acid in the human diet through transfer into milk.

Protein studies on maize silage as a basal ration for dairy cows

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
R. F. Weller ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
Rosemary J. Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
Basal Ration

SUMMARYIn Expt 1 40 lactating British Friesians, 20 cows and 20 heifers, were used to study the effect of crude protein (CP) content of the whole ration on milk yield, milk composition and live-weight change when maize silage was fed as the basal ration. There were four treatments with five cows and five heifers on each. During lactation weeks 4–12 the cows on treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 all received 7 kg maize silage dry matter (D.m.) plus 8 kg D.m./day of a concentrate containing either 14, 18, 22 or 24% CP, respectively; heifers received 1 kg/day less of both silage and concentrate. This produced whole-ration CP contents of 11·7, 13·9, 16.·0 and 17·1%. In the subsequent lactation weeks 13–20 silage feeding was increased to 9 kg D.m./cow/day and concentrate feeding decreased to 5 kg D.m./cow/day. Heifers again received 1 kg/day less of both silage and concentrate. This decreased whole-ration CP contents to 10·5, 11·7, 12·9 and 13·4%.During lactation weeks 4–12 and 13–20, with the exception of milk fat content in weeks 13–20, there were significant linear effects of whole-ration CP content on milk yield, milk fat, protein, lactose and total solids. There were no significant curvilinear relationships. Thus, despite the fact that the highest numerical values were generally recorded for the animals on treatment 3, the results indicate that a whole-ration CP content of at least 17·1 and 13·4% are required in early and mid-lactation respectively.In Expt 2 the loss of D.m., acid-detergent fibre and nitrogen from maize silage suspended in nylon bags in the rumen was measured. Compared with feeding either a low or high protein supplement, losses were greater for silage fed alone. If it is accepted that nitrogen loss can be approximated to protein degradability, then the value for maize silage was between 0·6 and 0·7. Using the same technique in Expt 3, comparable nitrogen losses for fish meal, decorticated groundnut meal and soya-bean meal were 0·3, 0·9 and 0·9, respectively, after 24 h incubation.

The effect of ammoniated and roasted barley on rumen pH, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
M. H. Fathi ◽  
A. Nikkhah
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Cereal grains can provide the major source of energy in diets in order to meet the nutrient requirements of high producing dairy cows. However the amount of starch that can be included in the diets of dairy cows is limited particularly if starch is rapidly fermented such as barley starch. Reduction of feed intake, rumen pH, milk fat test, microbial growth and other metabolic disorders are expected if ruminally degradable starch is fed in amount that cant be efficiently metabolized by rumen microbs. Various techniques for processing barley grain have been developed to decrease the degradability of dry matter in rumen without reducing its extent of digestion. McNiven (1995) showed roasting of barley is more effective treatment. The objective of this experiment was to study of effects the roasting and ammoniation of barley grain on rumen pH, feces pH, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows.

The effects of methionine supplementation upon milk composition and production of forage-fed dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pacheco-Rios ◽  
W. C. McNabb ◽  
J. P. Hill ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
D. D. S. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
And Control

Two experiments (mid- and late lactation) were conducted to test whether methionine (Met) limited milk production in Friesian cows fed sole diets of fresh perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture. In mid-lactation (exp. 1), 26 cows were assigned to one of three treatments: ruminally protected oral DL-Met (15 g d−1), continuous intrajugular infusion of L-Met (15 g d–1) and control. Twelve animals from exp. 1 were used during late lactation (exp. 2) and distributed in two experimental groups: ruminally protected oral DL-Met (15 g d−1) and control. Dry matter, metabolizable energy, crude protein and Met intakes, milk yield and composition and blood Met, cysteine and urea were measured. Oral and intravenous Met supplementation increased blood Met concentration by 50–90% compared with controls. Met supplementation did not alter the concentration of milk fat, protein or lactose in either experiment. Met supplementation had no significant effects on yields of fat, lactose, casein, whey proteins or non-protein nitrogen during mid-lactation. In late lactation, Met supplementation did not affect milk protein composition or yield of milk components, with exception of a decrease (P < 0.05) in the yield of β -casein. Intravenous Met supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the efficiency of conversion of pasture N to milk protein in mid-lactation. Key words: Dairy cows, methionine, ruminally protected methionine, milk protein, casein, fresh pasture diets

scholarly journals A two-step feeding of calcium salts of fish oil improves reproductive performance in Holstein cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e0607
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Hadadi ◽  
Ali A. Alamouti ◽  
AliReza Alizadeh ◽  
Abdollah Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Feeding Program

Aim of study: To examine the effects of a biphasic schedule of feeding n-3 fatty acids on dairy cows.Area of the study: Isfahan, Iran.Materials and methods: 140 lactating Holstein cows were allotted at calving into two groups of 70 animals and received one of two dietary treatments: 1) saturated fatty acids (SFA, containing 80% palmitic acid) or 2) calcium salt of fish oil (CSFO, containing 16% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), with an n-6/n-3 FA ratio of approximately 7 for SFA and 5 for CSFO treatments. The dietary supplements were fed to the respective groups at 240 g/head.day from 0 to 21 days in milk, and 120 g/head.day from 22 to 150 days in milk. Milk yield was recorded biweekly and milk composition was evaluated monthly. The concentration of FA in the milk and blood was determined on d-90 of the experiment in 10 cows randomly selected from each group. Reproductive indices were recorded until d-150.Main results: The CSFO supplementation did not affect average milk yield, milk composition or milk somatic cell count (SCC); however, in some weeks it increased milk production and decreased milk SCC (p<0.05). Plasma concentrations of palmitic acid and n-3 FA as well as milk fat concentration of EPA and DHA increased in the CSFO-fed cows (p<0.05). Feeding the CSFO decreased open days (100 vs 119 days, p<0.05), service per conception and all service conception rates (p<0.05).Research highlights: The implementation of a two-stage feeding program of n-3 FA improved reproductive variables and reduced milk SCC in dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize grain by hybrid rye grain in the TMR on performance of mid-lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Rajtar ◽  
Marek Sady ◽  
Paweł Górka ◽  
Sylvia Kehoe ◽  
Piotr Micek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Maize Grain

Abstract Grain from traditional varieties of rye is not commonly used in dairy cattle nutrition. However, new hybrid varieties of rye currently available are characterized by some nutritional and agrotechnical benefits. This paper deals with the hypothesis that rye grain derived from a hybrid variety may be an alternative for maize grain in diets for dairy cattle. Sixteen lactating Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into two groups according to their parity (8 primi- and 8 multiparous), stage of lactation (106 ± 30 days after calving) and milk yield (34 ± 4 kg/day). Cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) containing grass silage and whole crop maize silage and 29.2% of the concentrate (in dry matter). The latter contained approximately 48% of either maize grain (M) or hybrid rye grain (HR) as a main source of cereal grain. Experimental diets were fed for 9-weeks. The use of HR as a substitute for M did not affect (P>0.05) dry matter intake and milk yield. There were no differences between treatment groups in the content of milk solids, amino acids, and fatty acid profile. However, substituting M by HR positively influenced composition of milk protein fractions by increasing the proportion of α-casein (37.0 vs 39.7%; P<0.01) and к-casein (6.5 vs 7.3%; P=0.02) as well as decreasing the proportion of β-casein (28.8 vs 27.8%; P=0.02) and sensory characteristics of the milk (body and texture and taste; P<0.05). In turn, the composition of the diet did not affect the technological suitability for processing of milk fat (acid and peroxide number, melting and solidification temperature), rennet coagulation time, heat stability or titratable acidity. This study has shown that hybrid rye grain may be an alternative for maize grain in a TMR based on grass and whole maize silage for mid-lactation dairy cows. Further studies are needed with higher proportion of hybrid rye grain in TMR or with other roughages used in a basal diet to fully determine efficiency of hybrid rye grain use in diets for dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of rumen protected choline and methionine on milk yield and composition of early lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaraj Neelima ◽  
Purushothaman Sajith ◽  
K. Ally ◽  
Ananth Deepa ◽  
Simon Shibu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted on early lactating dairy cows to study the effect of rumen protected choline (RPC) and methionine (RPM) on milk yield and composition. Fifteen crossbred dairy cows in early lactation (within 10 days of calving) were selected and randomly allotted to any one of the following three dietary treatments, T1 (Control)- with compound feed mixture containing CP- 20% and TDN- 68% , T2- T1+20g RPM and 20g RPC, T3- with compound fed mixture containing CP- 17%, TDN- 68% + 20g RPM and 20g RPC. All the experimental animals were fed as per ICAR feeding standards (ICAR, 2013). Results revealed no significant difference (p>0.05) in milk yield and 4 per cent fat corrected milk (FCM) yield between the three treatment groups. Among the milk constituents, animals in T3 had significantly higher milk fat (p<0.05), SNF (p<0.05), protein (p<0.05) and total solids (p<0.01) compared to those in T1 and T2. Milk urea nitrogen levels did not differ significantly among the three treatments and were within the normal range. The study showed that milk composition could be effectively improved by supplementing feed with rumen protected forms of choline and methionine in combination at lower dietary protein level without any reduction in milk yield.

scholarly journals Milk performance of dairy cows supplemented with rape seed oil, peanut oil, and sunflower seed oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.J. Dai ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
Q. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplementing different plant oils to the basal diet on milk yield and milk composition in mid-lactating dairy cows. Forty Chinese Holstein dairy cows averaging 120 days in milk (DIM) at the start of the experiment (body weight = 580 &plusmn; 18.2 kg; milk yield = 33.0 &plusmn; 2.00 kg/day) were used in a completely randomized block design. The animals were assigned to four dietary treatments according to DIM and milk yield, and supplemented with no oil (control), 2% rapeseed oil (RSO), 2% peanut oil (PNO) and 2% sunflower seed oil (SFO). Milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, and lactose) were measured. Dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. The supplementation of plant oil increased milk yield, with the highest milk yield in RSO group. Percentages of milk fat, lactose, solids-not-fat and SCC were not affected by treatments except for an increase in milk protein content in oil supplemented groups. The fatty acid (FA) profile of milk was altered by fat supplementation. Feeding plant oils reduced the proportion of both short-chain (C4:0 to C12:0) and medium-chain (C14:0 to C16:1) fatty acids, and increased the proportion of long-chain (&ge; C18:0) fatty acids in milk fat. The inclusion of vegetable oils increased the concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat was higher from RSO to PNO and SFO was higher than the control. The TVA concentration was higher in the SFO diet, followed by PNO, RSO, and control diets. The results of this study indicated that linoleic acid was more effective in enhancing contents of TVA and CLA in milk fat than oleic acid. No significant effects of week and treatment by week interaction were found out in this study. Overall, feeding plant oils increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in milk fat. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RSO increases milk yield the most, while SFO enhances the cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in milk fat more effectively.

Persian clover and maize silage. I. Silage as a supplement for lactating dairy cows offered herbage of different quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Basal Ration

A penfeeding experiment, involving 29 lactating dairy cows, was undertaken to assess the use of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinaturn) herbage instead of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-dominant herbage as the basal ration in diets in which maize silage (0 to 10.6 kg DM/cow day-1) was used as a supplement. This was supported by a second experiment in which 16 cows grazed limited amounts of Persian clover pasture (herbage allowance of 16.5 kg DM/cow day-1) and were supplemented with various amounts of maize silage (0 to 8.3 kg DM/cow daym-1). In the pen experiment, feeding maize silage to cows grossly underfed with perennial ryegrass pasture resulted in a marginal response to additional feeding of 0.9 kg milk for each of the first 5 kg DM of supplement eaten. This level of supplementary feeding constituted about 40% of the diet. Thereafter, maize silage resulted in virtually no additional milk and the best fed cows only produced about 20 kg of milk. A much greater response in milk yield (1.4 kg milk/kg DM of additional maize silage eaten) was obtained when Persian clover was substituted as the basal ration. There were no differences in milk composition or changes in body condition between cows offered the different basal herbages. Milk fat content averaged 3.9% across all cows, while milk protein content and change in body condition increased by 0.03% and 0.13 units for each additional kg DM of maize silage eaten each day. In the grazing experiment, when a small amount of maize silage was fed to the cows, the marginal return was 1.2 kg milk for each additional kg DM of maize silage eaten. This is only slightly lower than that reported for the indoor feeding study. A major reason for the good response was the negligible substitution of maize silage for Persian clover that occurred with the first increment of supplement in the diet. With higher levels of maize silage feeding, no extra milk was produced. It was the increase in the level of substitution at the higher levels of maize silage that eliminated the possibility of additional responses in milk production.

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