scholarly journals Investigation of acute-phase proteins and cytokines response in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia with special reference to their diagnostic accuracy

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10394
Author(s):  
Wael El-Deeb ◽  
Mahmoud Fayez ◽  
Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽  
Mohamed Salem ◽  
Abdulrhman Alhaider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

Acute-phase proteins (APPs) have always had valued diagnostic potentialities in response to infection. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected APPs and proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) under field conditions. Moreover, to highlight the role of tested biomarkers in CCPP pathogenesis. Fifty-eight goats (38 confirmed cases with CCPP and 20 healthy controls) were involved in this investigation. C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), haptoglobin (HP), fibrinogen (Fb), serum amyloid A (SAA), selected PIC (IL1-α, IL1-β, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) levels were investigated in serum samples from all goats under investigation. Latex agglutination test was used for diagnosis of goats with CCPP. For microbiological investigations, nasopharyngeal swabs (from all goats), lung tissues and pleural fluids (from only necropsied goats) were collected. This study revealed that all tested parameters have a high to moderate degree of diagnostic performance for CCPP. Magnitudes of increase in levels of APPs (CRP, HP and SAA) were stronger than PIC, IFN-γ, Fb and PCT. All tested parameters showed high diagnostic accuracy (AUROC >90%), except HP (AUROC = 87.3%) and IFN-γ (AUROC = 78.8%) showed moderate accuracy in differentiation of goats with and without CCPP infection. For detecting goats with and without CCPP infection, HP had the lowest sensitivity (Se = 81.6%) and Fb had the lowest specificity (Sp = 85.0%) among the APPs parameters tested. However, PCT showed the highest Se (100%) and Sp (95.0%) to detect goats with and without CCPP infection among tested parameters. Conclusively, this study endorses the significance of selected APPs and PIC as additional screening diagnostic parameters for naturally occurring CCPP in goats. However, it does not replace traditional methods for diagnosis of CCPP in goats. Furthermore, APPs and PIC have an important role in disease pathogenesis in goats.

Variations in the levels of acute-phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk during bovine subclinical mastitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Aarsha Raj ◽  
Vinodkumar Kulangara ◽  
Tresamol P. Vareed ◽  
Deepa P. Melepat ◽  
Latha Chattothayil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacterial Organism

Abstract Variations in the levels of acute phase proteins and lactoferrin in serum and milk for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows are described in this research paper. Milking animals from two organized dairy farms in Kerala, India, were screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity test (EC) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) test to identify animals affected with sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) Haptoglobin (Hp), C- reactive protein (CRP), Albumin, Lactoferrin (Lf) and α- 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) in milk and Hp, Albumin, Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and CRP in the serum of 40 normal cows and 40 cows affected with sub clinical mastitis were assessed. Solid phase ELISA was employed for assessment of all parameters except the albumin levels, for which spectrophotometry was used. The values of Hp in milk; and SAA, AGP and Lf in serum, were significantly elevated in the group with sub clinical mastitis. Such variations were found to be independent of the specific bacterial organism causing the disease. These results show that significant variations exist in the levels of acute phase proteins Hp, AGP and Lf in milk, and SAA in serum of animals affected with subclinical bovine mastitis that are not affected by specific bacterial etiology.

The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 2199-2207
Author(s):  
Mark B. Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

Abstract B87: Acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein and Serum Amyloid A) and post-diagnosis mammographic density in breast cancer survivors

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (11 Supplement) ◽  
pp. B87-B87
Author(s):  
Anne Dee ◽  
Roberta McKean-Cowdin ◽  
Anne McTiernan ◽  
Richard N. Baumgartner ◽  
Kathy B. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A

scholarly journals Assessment of Acute-Phase Protein Response Associated with the Different Pathological Forms of Bovine Paratuberculosis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1925
Author(s):  
José Espinosa ◽  
Rubén de la Morena ◽  
Julio Benavides ◽  
Carlos García-Pariente ◽  
Miguel Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Antibody Levels

In this study, the concentrations of two acute-phase proteins (APPs), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), were quantitatively assessed in serum samples from cattle naturally infected with paratuberculosis (PTB). APP profiles were compared across 190 animals classified according to the different pathological forms associated with infection: uninfected (n = 59), with focal lesions (n = 73), multifocal lesions (n = 19), and diffuse paucibacillary (n = 11) and diffuse multibacillary lesions (n = 28). Our results showed a significant increase in both APPs in infected animals compared to the control group, with differences depending on the type of lesion. Hp and SAA levels were increased significantly in all infected animals, except in cows with diffuse multibacillary lesions that showed similar values to non-infected animals. The expression pattern of both APPs was similar and negatively correlated with the antibody levels against PTB. These results indicate that the release of Hp and SAA is related to the presence of PTB lesions associated with a high cell-mediated immune response and a lower bacterial load, suggesting that the pro-inflammatory cytokines that are associated with these forms are the main stimulus for their synthesis. These molecules could show some potential to be used as putative biomarkers of PTB infection, particularly for the identification of subclinical animals showing pathological forms related to latency or resistance to the development of advanced lesions.

Measurement of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), a major isotype of acute phase SAA

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamada ◽  
Takahiko Satoh ◽  
Yasuaki Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractSerum amyloid A (SAA), a plasma precursor of reactive amyloid deposits, is a multigene product. SAA1 and SAA2, with primary structures that are 93% identical (98 of 104 amino acids), behave as acute phase proteins, as demonstrated by their increasing levels in plasma. Heretofore, it has been understood that SAA1 predominates and functions as an isotype in plasma. However, accurate measurements differentiating the two isotypes have not been reported. In this study, using monoclonal antibodies specific for SAA1, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for SAA1. The levels and ratios of SAA1 in total SAA (TSAA) were investigated in healthy subjects and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The SAA1/TSAA ratio was 74±12% and 77±12% in healthy subjects and RA patients, respectively. In RA patients, the ratios were not influenced by SAA1 genotype, which has been proposed to affect plasma SAA values. The kinetics of SAA1 in inflamed patients undergoing hemodialysis was found to be parallel with total SAA and C-reactive protein. Finally, this study confirmed that SAA1 is a major isotype of acute phase SAA and may determine total SAA values. This specific assay could be used in the evaluation of SAA behavior in several clinical conditions.

scholarly journals The diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Deeb ◽  
Ahmed M. Elmoslemany
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Pneumonic Pasteurellosis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Significant Difference

The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in sheep with pneumonic pasteurellosis. Blood samples were collected from 56 sheep (36 naturally infected withPasteurella multocidaand 20 healthy controls) belonging to one farm in Eastern region, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were evaluated for acute phase proteins (Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen (Fb)), and the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ)). Additionally, nasopharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavages were collected from all animals for bacteriological examinations. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of each parameter. All parameters showed moderate to high degree of positive correlation with case-control status. There was no significant difference in the area under the curve (AUC) among acute phase proteins; however, both Hp and SAA showed better sensitivity and specificity than Fb. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL1-α, IL1-β, and IL6) showed similar and highly accurate diagnostic performance (AUC> 0.9), whereas IFN-ϒ was moderately accurate (AUC= 0.79). In conclusion, this study confirms the value of acute phase proteins and cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers of naturally occuring pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep.

scholarly journals Impact of radioiodine treatment on acute phase proteins in hyperthyroid cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110249
Author(s):  
Katharina Glück ◽  
Sabrina Mohrs ◽  
Katarina Hazuchova ◽  
Natali Bauer ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Radioiodine Treatment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
The Impact

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of radioiodine treatment (RIT) on the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and haptoglobin (Hp) in hyperthyroid cats. Methods Between June 2013 and November 2014, 33 hyperthyroid cats without clinical or laboratory signs of inflammatory or neoplastic disease and a body weight >2.5 kg were enrolled. Immediately before, and 12, 36, 72 h and 6 days after RIT, serum samples were obtained for determination of APP concentrations. Results Both SAA and AGP concentrations changed significantly after RIT. The concentration of AGP increased gradually after treatment with a maximum concentration at the end of the study period (median baseline 398 μg/ml; median 6 days post-RIT 562 μg/ml [ P = 0.001]). A relevant >two-fold increase in AGP was seen in 8/33 (24%) cats. SAA concentration increased significantly within 12 h (baseline 9.2 μg/ml; 12 h post-RIT 22.5 μg/ml [ P = 0.012]). In 7/33 (21%) cats, a clinically relevant >10-fold increase in SAA was observed. Hp concentration showed no significant change ( P = 0.12). Conclusions and relevance RIT induced a mild, mainly not clinically relevant acute phase reaction (APR). AGP and SAA were useful APPs to determine RIT-induced APR.

scholarly journals Serum Cytokines in Patients withLegionella Pneumonia: Relative Predominance of Th1-Type Cytokines

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tateda ◽  
Tetsuya Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Ishii ◽  
Nobuhiko Furuya ◽  
Akira Ohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Th1 Cytokine ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ABSTRACT Serum samples from 14 patients with Legionellapneumonia were examined for the presence of cytokines. In spite of high levels of serum C-reactive protein in all patients during the acute phase in only four cases (one involving interleukin-1β [IL-1β], three involving IL-6, and none involving tumor necrosis factor alpha) was the concentration of cytokines more than 100 pg/ml. Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were detected in only one patient each. In contrast, significant increases of serum gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and IL-12 levels were observed during the acute phase in 6 and 11 cases, respectively. Interestingly, although serum IFN-γ levels diminished thereafter, in seven cases IL-12 levels remained high or increased further during the convalescent phase. In an additional 22 cases clinically suspected to be but not diagnosed as Legionellapneumonia, increases of serum IL-12 levels were observed in 16 cases, whereas the remaining 6 cases showed no detectable IL-12. Our results demonstrate the relative predominance of Th1 cytokine production inLegionella pneumonia. Although the role and significance of prolonged increases in IL-12 levels in Legionella disease are unknown, our results should prompt further investigation of the host immune response in terms of Th1 and Th2 balance in legionellosis.

scholarly journals The Acute-Phase Proteins Serum Amyloid A and C Reactive Protein in Transudates and Exudates

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra M. Okino ◽  
Cristiani Bürger ◽  
Jefferson R. Cardoso ◽  
Edson L. Lavado ◽  
Paulo A. Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Protein Serum ◽  
Serum Ratio

The distinction between exudates and transudates is very important in the patient management. Here we evaluate whether the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), in comparison with C reactive protein (CRP) and total protein (TP), can be useful in this discrimination. CRP, SAA, and TP were determined in 36 exudate samples (27 pleural and 9 ascitic) and in 12 transudates (9 pleural and 3 ascitic). CRP, SAA, and TP were measured. SAA present in the exudate corresponded to10%of the amount found in serum, that is, the exudate/serum ratio (E/S) was0.10±0.13. For comparison, the exudate/serum ratio for CRP and TP was0.39±0.37and0.68±0.15, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between serum and exudate SAA concentration (r=0.764;p<0.0001). The concentration of SAA in transudates was low and did not overlap with that found in exudates (0.02-0.21 versus 0.8–360.5 g/mL). SAA in pleural and ascitic exudates results mainly from leakage of the serum protein via the inflamed membrane. A comparison of the E/S ratio of SAA and CRP points SAA as a very good marker in discriminating between exudates and transudates

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