Race, Educational Attainment, and the 1940 Census

1986 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Margo
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Census Data ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Nineteeth Century

Decreases in the racial schooling gap have been shown to account for one-third of the increase in the black-white income ratio from 1930 to 1970. But the usual measure of the gap, based on census educational attainment data, is flawed. Data on school enrollment rates and months of school attended reveal that schooling levels of blacks born in the late nineteeth century were far lower than census data indicate. With the corrections proposed, the narrowing of the racial schooling gap explains two-thirds of the rise in the black-white income ratio from 1930 to 1970.

The Effect of Parental Migration on the Educational Attainment of Their Left-Behind Children in Rural China

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Xuefei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Parental Migration ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract About 60 million children under the age of 18 are left behind by their parents in rural China. This paper studies the effect of migrant parents on the educational attainment of their left-behind children in rural China. A theoretical model of optimal schooling in the context of parental migration is proposed. Then, reduced-form equations are estimated using probit model, instrumental variables probit model, and linear instrumental variables model. Results show that parental migration has a negative effect on children’s school enrollment. This negative effect is significant and sizable on the school enrollment of boys, but insignificant on the school enrollment of girls. The most important source of this robust negative effect on boys is the absence of fathers. Results suggest that left-behind mothers or relatives cannot fulfill fathers’ role successfully in disciplining boys and help with their educational needs.

scholarly journals Still Influential: The Protestant Emphasis on Schooling

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Using Data

Abstract From its beginning 500 years ago, Protestantism has been advocating and actively pursuing the expansion of schooling, including the schooling of girls. In many countries, it has thus helped to create a cultural heritage that puts a high value on education and schooling. This paper provides evidence that Protestantism’s historical legacy has an enduring effect. Using data on 147 countries, it finds that countries with larger Protestant population shares in 1900 had higher secondary school enrollment rates over 1975-2010, including among girls. The magnitude of the effect is small though. Using Protestant population shares over 1975-2010, the paper also shows that Protestantism’s influence on schooling has diminished and that contemporary Protestantism, in contrast to historical Protestantism, does not affect schooling. The regression analysis accounts for numerous other determinants of schooling.

Parental Divorce, Social Capital, and Postbaccalaurate Educational Attainment Among Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2806-2835
Author(s):  
Camron S. Devor ◽  
Susan D. Stewart ◽  
Cassandra Dorius
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Professional Degree ◽  
Using Data

Educational attainment is lower among children with divorced parents than those with continuously married parents. Most research has focused on the educational outcomes of children and little research has examined the effect of parental divorce on educational attainment beyond a bachelor’s degree. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we investigated how parental divorce affects young adult postbaccalaureate educational attainment, measured by graduate/professional school enrollment and attainment of a graduate/professional degree. We also examined the role of social capital, measured by parental educational expectations. Parental divorce was negatively associated with enrolling in a graduate/professional program and obtaining a degree. Parental educational expectations were positively related to children’s postbaccalaureate educational attainment, but the expectations of divorced and continuously married parents were similar and did not explain the negative effect of parental divorce. More work is needed to investigate explanations for lower postbaccalaureate educational attainment among children of divorce.

scholarly journals Private Schooling - A Quality Puzzle

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamat Ali ◽  
Rana Ejaz Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
National Education ◽  
Private Schooling ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Government

Primary school enrollment rates in Pakistan are lower than in other countries at the same level of economic development. The proportion of children reaching grade 5 is about half that in Sri Lanka and China and three-quarter that in India. Nationally, the gross primary school ratio is 74, and 101 for boys and 45 for girls. According to the National Education Policy 1992-2002, the target of literacy rate was set at 70 percent by the year 2002, which was achievable besides other measures, by inviting the private sector into education. Now, overall, private education accounts for about 10-12 percent of gross enrollments. The government of Pakistan has established a goal of universal primary enrollment by the year 2006. In the present study the quality characteristics of private schooling are discussed, i.e. qualitative aspects of schools, physical infrastructure of schools, teachers’ qualification and salaries, and fee, dropout rate, and repletion rate of the students, etc.

scholarly journals THE BEST GLOBAL AND LOCAL VARIABLES OF THE MIXED GEOGRAPHICALLY AND TEMPORALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION MODEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
Nuramaliyah Nuramaliyah ◽  
Asep Saefuddin ◽  
Muhammad Nur Aidi
Keyword(s):  
Information Criterion ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Better Than

Geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) is a method used when there is spatial and temporal diversity in an observation. GTWR model just consider the local influences of spatial-temporal independent variables on dependent variable. In some cases, the model not only about local influences but there are the global influences of spatial-temporal variables too, so that mixed geographically and temporally weighted regression (MGTWR) model more suitable to use. This study aimed to determine the best global and local variables in MGTWR and to determine the model to be used in North Sumatra’s poverty cases in 2010 to 2015. The result show that the Unemployment rate and labor force participation rates are global variables. Whereas the variable literacy rate, school enrollment rates and households buying rice for poor (raskin) are local variables. Furthermore, Based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) showed that MGTWR better than GTWR when it used in North Sumatra’s poverty cases.

scholarly journals ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL PADA INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN GENDER (IPG) JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2011-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Intan Lukiswati ◽  
Anik Djuraidah ◽  
Utami Dyah Syafitri
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Gender Development Index ◽  
Gender Based

The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a measure of the level of achievement of gender-based human development in Indonesia. Central Java Province is the largest province in Java with a GDI rate which tends to increase during the period of 2011 to 2015. Central Java's GDI, when compared to other provinces on Java Island, ranks third after DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta. Central Java’s GDI consists of several observations for a certain period of time so that panel data regression analysis can be used. The purpose of this study was to model the GDI of women in Central Java with panel data regression and find out which explanatory variables significantly affected women's GDI in Central Java from 2011 to 2015. The results of this study indicate that explanatory variables that significantly influence women's GDI in Central Java are life expectancy, primary school enrollment rates, high school enrollment rates, and per capita expenditure.  

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