The Effect of Government Expenditure and Economic Growth on Gender Development Index in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province

The phenomenon of the development inequality between men and women is development problems that still occur in many regions and can be measured using gender development index. This research has purpose to analyze the factors that influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta and indentifying variables that has most influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research uses gender development index as dependent variable and was implemented in the Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, in contrast to the previous research that already exists. In this research, the author have a hypothesis formulation that all independent variables, government expenditure in education sector, government expenditure in health sector and economic growth has a positive effect on gender development index. This research uses a panel data regression analysis with fixed effect model (FEM) approach. The results of this research indicate that variable of government expenditures in education has a negative and significant effect on gender development index in Province of D.I. Yogyakarta, the variable of government expenditures in health and variable of economic growth has a positive and significant effect on gender development index in Province D.I. Yogyakarta, and the dependent variable has most influence on gender development index in Special Region of Yogyakarta is a government expenditure on health. The implication of this research is the government to pay more attention to ability of each region in realizing the education expenditure, it is neccesary to strengthen cooperaton and equalize of mission both at the province and district/city level to optimize government performance, and need equality on education to reduce education gap in Special Region of Yogyakarta. For expenditure in the health sector, government should increase the percentage of budget allocation for health sector with provision minimum of 10 percent from local government revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) and need performance optimization in financial management so that health budget can be realized optimally as well. Meanwhile in economic growth, the government should to make equalize in the economic growth for each district or city so that can be enjoyed by all level of society. The limitations of this study are use of research data with a limited period and limited information on availability of information on each research variable used

Apakah Pemberdayaan Perempuan dalam Ekonomi dan Politik Telah Meningkatkan IPM Perempuan Indonesia?

Gender Development Index (GDI) shows that gender development inequality in Indonesia is still high because of lower female Human Development Index (HDI) than that of male. This research is pointed to analyse the impact of women empowerment on economy and politics to female HDI. By using multiple linear regression model and harnessing data of 514 regencies/municipalities, this research reveals that share of women on parliament, women on professional work, and women as entrepreneurs simultaneously affects women HDI in Indonesia. ---------------------------------------------- Angka Gender Development Index (GDI) menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia masih mengalami ketimpangan pembangunan gender. Salah satu penyebabnya karena Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) perempuan masih jauh dari IPM laki-laki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah pemberdayaan perempuan dalam bidang ekonomi dan politik dapat meningkatkan IPM perempuan Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan model regresi linier berganda, penelitian terhadap 514 kabupaten/kota menunjukkan bahwa besarnya kontribusi perempuan di parlemen, perempuan sebagai tenaga kerja profesional, dan perempuan sebagai pengusaha secara signifikan meningkatkan IPM perempuan di Indonesia.

Reproductive and Child Healthcare based Subnational Gender Development Index: A New Approach

Traditional metrics of gender development have failed to capture social dynamics that hinder gender equality, the inadequacies in reproductive health. As a policy instrument, traditional indices are inadequate for state governments to tackle regional issues in gender justice. This paper develops an index which can be used by states to determine particular areas of intervention and to track their progress.Methodology: The study develops an index based on six pillars. Under each pillar, the states are scored on a set of variables based on the quartiles of their scores. This scoring is scaled and the geometric mean of the score on each pillar is used as final index.The study then clusters the states based on their index scores and uses dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis to arrive at dimensions for intervention.Result: Index scores indicates that the states perform well on some while fail on other dimensions challenging traditional notions and stereotypes of states being labelled as “sexist” or “feminist”. The study highlights: “Position of Women in Society”, “Access to Reproductive and Child Health” and “Economic Empowerment” as key dimensions of intervention for states and based on their scores, recommends policy action for each dimension.Highlightsm mThe study develops an index based on six broad pillars: Social, Capacity, Reproductive Care and Health, Health, Nutrition and Economic.mPosition of women in Society, access to reproductive and child healthcare service and economic rights are the major parameters which determine the gender index.mAs per GDI (Gender Development Index) scores, South and North-Eastern states have been the achievers whereas the Eastern and Central states which constitutes the BIMARU group have been aspirants in the GDI scores.

Do managers sleep well? The role of gender, gender empowerment and economic development

Work demands often disrupt sleep. The stress of higher status theory posits that workers with greater resources often experience greater stress. We extend this theory to sleep and ask: do managers report more disrupted sleep and does this vary by gender and country context? Data come from the 2012 European Social Survey Programme and our sample comprised those currently employed in their prime working age (n = 27,616; age 25–64) in 29 countries. We include country level measures of the Gender Development Index (GDI) and gross domestic product (GDP). We find that workers sleep better, regardless of gender, in countries where women are empowered. For managers, women sleep better as GDI increases and men as GDP increases. Our results suggest that men experience a sleep premium from economic development and women from gender empowerment.

Religiosity and Fertility Intentions: Can the Gender Regime Explain Cross-Country Differences?

Research on the relationship between religiosity and fertility intentions revealed substantial cross-national differences. In some countries, a strong and positive effect of religiosity on fertility intentions was found, while in others, the effect was weaker or not significant, and the reasons underlying these cross-national differences are still unclear. The aim of this article is to explain these macro-level differences from the perspective of the prevailing gender regime. We argue that in countries with more traditional regimes, a stronger effect of religiosity on fertility intentions could be expected than in countries with a more egalitarian view. We make use of the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey and incorporate data from a total of 12 European countries in our analysis. We examine the influence of gender regime according to various macro-level indicators on gender attitudes and gender equality using meta-regression analyses. We also conduct robustness checks using other indicators such as the Gender Development Index. Our results reveal that the gender regime is only able to explain these differences in certain situations, specifically those relating to the long-term fertility intentions of men.

The Correlation between the Covid-19 Pandemic and Domestic Abuse Against Women: A Comparative Study Between Australia, Indonesia, and India

The onset of the Covid-19 global pandemic in early 2020 forced many governments to quarantine their citizens within their own homes over the course of the year - namely from the early to middle months of the year. This was then followed by a surge of domestic violence cases against women, most often by their own spouses. This problem seemed to be a global problem as it affected any countries regardless of how high or low they score in the Gender Development Index. This paper attempts to discuss the factors behind such a phenomenon and scrutinise what it represents through the lenses of gender theories. The paper will also analyse the studied countries’ governments’ approach to this issue. To that end, three countries from three different levels of GDI rankings are studied: Australia (ranked high), Indonesia (ranked medium) and India (ranked low). A brief explanation regarding this non-endemic issue will also be drawn from each countries’ individual variables.

POSISI PEREMPUAN KOTA CIREBON DI TINGKAT NASIONAL DAN JAWA BARAT

The gender equality is included in one of human rights as a human being. The right to live respectfully, free from fear can also be free to make choices in life. All of these rights are not only intended for men, but also have the same rights as men. As a result of the need to support the family and the increasing level of education of women, the emergence of the issue of gender inequality began to be voiced in Indonesia since the 1960s. This issue became part of the phenomena and dynamics of Indonesian society that made women's position more equal to men. This study intended to determine the condition and position of women in the city of Cirebon, weaknesses and strengths in the IPM (Human Development Index), IDG (Gender Empowerment Index), and IPG (Gender Development Index). This study uses the Normative Juridical approach, which is research with an approach that is more emphasized on secondary data in the form of primary, secondary or tertiary legal materials. Until now, the city of Cirebon in the empowerment of women shows quite successful achievements, namely rank 5 for IPM, rank 3 for IDG, and rank 3 for IPG at the level of West Java Province.

ANALISIS REGRESI DATA PANEL PADA INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN GENDER (IPG) JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2011-2015

The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a measure of the level of achievement of gender-based human development in Indonesia. Central Java Province is the largest province in Java with a GDI rate which tends to increase during the period of 2011 to 2015. Central Java's GDI, when compared to other provinces on Java Island, ranks third after DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta. Central Java’s GDI consists of several observations for a certain period of time so that panel data regression analysis can be used. The purpose of this study was to model the GDI of women in Central Java with panel data regression and find out which explanatory variables significantly affected women's GDI in Central Java from 2011 to 2015. The results of this study indicate that explanatory variables that significantly influence women's GDI in Central Java are life expectancy, primary school enrollment rates, high school enrollment rates, and per capita expenditure.

Gender Mainstreaming Through Woman Political Participation at Representative Council in Banten Province

This research aims to observe gender mainstreaming by women representative council in Banten Province. To analyze the process of becoming, Gender mainstreaming Become Several important for reasons, first, the equity between the Human Development Index and the Gender Development Index, Banten Province indicates that human development is not always in line with gender-based development. Gender-based development is Often neglected because development is too focused on human development. Second, women are still stereotyped by gender Injustice. In the local context of Banten, the injustices experienced by women are legalized through social, cultural and religion institutions. Third, in the political realm, gender mainstreaming is not yet be maximized. This is because the affirmative policies for women are notinlinewithwomen awareness to be Involved in public affairs.

Temporal-spatial analysis in accordance with gender development index on the improvement of the quality of women in Central Kalimantan Province

Gender Development Index (GDI) is the index introduced by UNDP to measure the quality of human resources with respect of gender aspect. The objective of this research is to identify the influence of health, education, and economy to the women as well its distribution to map the areas prioritized for gender inequality alleviation. The methodology of this research employs quantitative descriptive analysis, spatial comparative analysis, and temporal comparative analysis. The result shows that the gender equality achieved by Central Kalimantan was GDI far below the national average, hence there needs to be efforts to push gender equality in main priority districts, such as Katingan, Murung Raya, and Barito Utara. The influence of health factor, represented by Life Expectancy Rate is more significant compared to other factors such as education and economy. The raise of total health facilities impact to the decreased of women mortality rate as the key for good women contribute into Gender Development Index.