scholarly journals Common Tongue: The Impact of Language on Educational Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Jain
Keyword(s):  
Graduation Rates ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
College Graduation ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Indian States ◽  
College Graduation Rates ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of official language policies on education using state formation in India. Colonial provinces consisted of some districts where the official language matched the district's language and some where it did not. Linguistically mismatched districts have 18.0 percent lower literacy rates and 20.1 percent lower college graduation rates, driven by difficulty in acquiring education due to a different medium of instruction in schools. Educational achievement caught up in mismatched districts after the 1956 reorganization of Indian states on linguistic lines, suggesting that political reorganization can mitigate the impact of mismatched language policies.

scholarly journals An exploration of the effects of language policy in education in a contemporary Puerto Rican society

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mirta Maldonado-Valentín
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Impact

During the Spanish regimen, Puerto Rican education was limited and restricted to Spanish language as the medium of instruction. It was not until the U.S. colonization of the island that public education was introduced. As a result, English replaced Spanish as medium of instruction in the new educational system. Immediately after, Puerto Rican elitists and politicians ignited a political movement against using English (Algren de Gutierrez, 1987), resulting in a language battle fought through a series of educational language policies. In the end, policymakers enacted a language policy that reinstated Spanish as the official language of Puerto Rico’s education system. Consequently, policymakers also strengthened the use of Spanish instruction in Puerto Rican schools and universities while English was taught as a subject through all grade levels (Canino, 1981). Thus, this policy secured the island’s status as a “monolingual Spanish speaking society”. In addition, the enactment of this language policy also legitimized English as a de jure second official language, with the possibility of recognizing Puerto Rico as a “bilingual speaking society”. This paper discusses the impact of these language policies on the use of Spanish and English in education and presents a case study of Guaynabo City to exemplify the effects of these language policies on a contemporary Puerto Rican society and its acceptance of or resistance to becoming an English-speaking society.

Toward a Common Research Model: Leveraging Education Abroad Participation to Enhance College Graduation Rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
John Haupt ◽  
Anthony C. Ogden ◽  
Donald Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Graduation Rates ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
College Graduation ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Education Abroad ◽  
National Education ◽  
College Graduation Rates ◽  
The Impact

This article calls for a common research model that can be replicated across institutions to systematically collect data on the impact of education abroad participation on college graduation rates. The ultimate goal of the proposed GRAD LEAP (Leveraging Education Abroad Participation for Graduation) model is to facilitate a meta-analysis yielding generalizable findings that can inform both institutional and national education abroad policy. The model consists of two levels of analysis: (a) a descriptive analysis to estimate and compare true graduation rates for education abroad participants and nonparticipants, and (b) a parametric analysis to estimate the value-added of education abroad participation, beyond factors already understood to impact graduation rates. The proposed research model can be expanded to include analysis of the impact of specific program factors on graduation rates (e.g., program duration, program type, student accommodation, etc.).

How Much Is Too Much: Educational Loans and College Graduation

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1017
Author(s):  
Min Zhan ◽  
Xiaoling Xiang ◽  
William Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Graduation Rates ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic Students ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Event History ◽  
College Graduation ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Disparities ◽  
College Graduation Rates ◽  
Ethnicity Data

This study examines the association between educational loans and college graduation rates, with a focus on differences by race and ethnicity. Data come from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Results from the event history analyses indicate that educational loans are positively related to college graduation rates, but only up to a point (about US$19,753). Although this nonlinear relationship holds true among White, Black, and Hispanic students, there are differences in the level of loans where its effect turns negative on graduate rates. There is little evidence overall that educational loans reduce racial and ethnic disparities in college graduation.

Issues of Developmental Instruction in Higher Education and the Need for Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 253-270
Author(s):  
Theresa Neimann
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Graduation Rates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
College Graduation ◽  
School Students ◽  
High School Graduation Rates ◽  
College Credits ◽  
College Ready ◽  
College Graduation Rates

Achievement gaps are responsible for low high school graduation rates, low college enrollments, low college graduation rates, and lack of job readiness. Because many of today's high school students are not college ready, there is the need for developmental education in community colleges. Approximately 60% of high school graduates need to take remedial education courses before they can take credit bearing classes, and 76% of high school graduates do not meet ACT college readiness benchmarks. Dual enrollment is one way to address this issue. Opportunities to extend college credits to interested high school students have been increasing as an intervention strategy in preparing students for college, improving graduation rates, and reducing the time of college completion.

Improving U.S. College Graduation Rates with Quality Online and Blended Degree Completion Programs

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-59
Author(s):  
Lisa Braverman
Keyword(s):  
Graduation Rates ◽  
Degree Completion ◽  
College Education ◽  
College Graduation ◽  
College Graduation Rates ◽  
Adult Degree Completion ◽  
Degree Completion Programs ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Economic Vitality ◽  
The U.S

The Lumina Foundation estimates the number of American adults possessing some college education, but no degree, to hover at about 47 million. CAEL approximates this number to be about 100 million when including adults without any previous college study. This chapter questions whether there are sufficient degree completion programs available in the U.S. to meet current demand. With the U.S. a dismal 19th in the 2015 OECD rankings of college graduation rates, this chapter makes the case that there is more work for American colleges and universities to do to address the gaping disparity between the number of Americans holding four-year degrees and those needed to provide the innovation required to maintain future American economic vitality. Finally, the chapter reviews the blended classroom approach as a highly effective model for serving the adult degree completion population and describes a successful program that was recently created at Long Island University.

Home or Care? A Comparison of Educational Outcomes for Maltreated Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Cusworth ◽  
Louise Tracey ◽  
Helen Baldwin ◽  
Nina Biehal
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Teacher Assessments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care System ◽  
At Home

Abstract Previous research has highlighted the poor educational attainment of children in out-of-home care, until relatively recently seen as a potential failure of the care system itself. However, the relationship between care and education outcomes is complex. It is important to disentangle the impact of the care system from that of adverse circumstances leading to admission to care. In this study, educational outcomes for 68 children (aged 3–9 years) in foster-care due to concerns about abuse or neglect were compared to those for 166 children with current or past child welfare involvement living at home. Data from teacher assessments of communication and literacy, and a standardized measure of receptive vocabulary were analysed. Accounting for key differences between the two groups, there was little evidence that educational attainment of children in care was significantly worse than that of children living at home. The findings suggest that being in care is unlikely to be the direct cause of poor educational achievement amongst children in care relative to the wider population of children. The study has implications for the ways in which schools and other services, both across the UK and internationally, work with children in and on the margins of care.

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