scholarly journals A molecular and ecological analysis of the trematodePlagiorchis elegansin the wood mouseApodemus sylvaticusfrom a periaquatic ecosystem in the UK

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Boyce ◽  
G. Hide ◽  
P.S. Craig ◽  
C. Reynolds ◽  
M. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Plagiorchis Elegans

AbstractThe prevalence of the digeneanPlagiorchissp. was investigated in a natural wood mouse population (Apodemus sylvaticus) in a periaquatic environment. Classical identification was complemented with the use of molecular differentiation to determine prevalence and verify species identity. Use of the complete ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 and partial 28S rDNA gene sequences have confirmed that the species reported at this location wasPlagiorchis elegansand notPlagiorchis murisas reported previously. This underlines the difficulties in identification of these morphologically similar parasites.Plagiorchis elegansis typically a gastrointestinal parasite of avian species but has also been reported from small mammal populations. Although the occurrence of this digenean inA. sylvaticusin the UK is rare, in the area immediately surrounding Malham Tarn, Yorkshire, it had a high prevalence (23%) and a mean worm burden of 26.6 ± 61.5. The distribution ofP. elegansfollowed a typically overdispersed pattern and both mouse age-group and sex were determined to be two main factors associated with prevalence. Male mice harboured the majority of worms, carrying 688 of 717 recovered during the study, and had a higher prevalence of 32.4% in comparison to only 8.7% in the small intestine of female mice. A higher prevalence of 43% was also observed in adult mice compared to 14% for young adults. No infection was observed in juvenile mice. These significant differences are likely to be due to differences in the foraging behaviour between the sexes and age cohorts of wood mice.

scholarly journals Rodentolepis straminea(Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) in an urban population ofApodemus sylvaticusin the UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Rushworth ◽  
B. Boufana ◽  
J.L. Hall ◽  
V. Brannan ◽  
A. Mastin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
South West ◽  
Urban Woodland ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Current Report

AbstractThe presence of the cyclophyllidean cestodeRodentolepis straminea(Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), was confirmed by molecular DNA analysis from a wood mouse (Apodemussylvaticus) population inhabiting urban woodland in Salford, Greater Manchester (UK) with a prevalence of 27.8%. It would appear that the only previously published record of this species inA. sylvaticusin the British Isles is that from south-west Ireland, where 24% of the wood mice examined were infected withR. straminea.This species has been recorded in studies onA. sylvaticusin continental Europe. The current report represents a new record forR. stramineaon mainland Britain and a first study of helminth parasites in an urban wood mouse population.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in helminth infections of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from the vicinity of Malham Tarn in North Yorkshire, England

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jerzy M. Behnke ◽  
Michael T. Rogan ◽  
Philip S. Craig ◽  
Joseph A. Jackson ◽  
Geoff Hide
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Long Term Trends

Abstract Helminth infections in wood mice (n = 483), trapped over a period of 26 years in the woods surrounding Malham Tarn in North Yorkshire, were analysed. Although 10 species of helminths were identified, the overall mean species richness was 1.01 species/mouse indicating that the helminth community was relatively depauperate in this wood mouse population. The dominant species was Heligmosomoides polygyrus, the prevalence (64.6%) and abundance (10.4 worms/mouse) of which declined significantly over the study period. Because of the dominance of this species, analyses of higher taxa (combined helminths and combined nematodes) also revealed significantly declining values for prevalence, although not abundance. Helminth species richness (HSR) and Brillouin's index of diversity (BID) did not show covariance with year, neither did those remaining species whose overall prevalence exceeded 5% (Syphacia stroma, Aonchotheca murissylvatici and Plagiorchis muris). Significant age effects were detected for the prevalence and abundance of all higher taxa, H. polygyrus and P. muris, and for HSR and BID, reflecting the accumulation of helminths with increasing host age. Only two cases of sex bias were found; male bias in abundance of P. muris and combined Digenea. We discuss the significance of these results and hypothesize about the underlying causes.

scholarly journals Navigating an Uncertain Labor Market in the UK: The Role of Structure and Agency in the Transition from School to Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 688 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Ingrid Schoon
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Career Options

This article reviews the evidence on young people in the UK making the transition from school to work in a changing socioeconomic climate. The review draws largely on evidence from national representative panels and follows the lives of different age cohorts. I show that there has been a trend toward increasingly uncertain and precarious employment opportunities for young people since the 1970s, as well as persisting inequalities in educational and occupational attainment. The joint role of social structure and human agency in shaping youth transitions is discussed. I argue that current UK policies have forgotten about half of the population of young people who do not go to university, by not providing viable pathways and leaving more and more young people excluded from good jobs and employment prospects. Recommendations are made for policies aimed at supporting the vulnerable and at provision of career options for those not engaged in higher education.

scholarly journals New vessels: Vascular tissue engineering

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ruben Y. Kannan ◽  
Sandip Sarkar ◽  
Jalaledin Mirzay-Razaz ◽  
Alexander M. Seifalian
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Bypass ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vascular Bypass Grafts ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Ideal

The use of vascular bypass grafts in patients is not new. The high prevalence of atherosclerosis has seen them being used in the treatment of some of the 800 000 cases of myocardial infarction in the UK. So, is there a need for tissue-engineered blood vessels if there is a functional prosthetic alternative? While this may hold true for vessels with high-blood-flow rates1, the patency rates of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Dacron®) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts are less satisfactory at lower flow rates. Given the limitations with synthetic materials alone, a biological or bio-hybrid vascular prosthesis could provide us with the ideal blood-vessel substitute.

A Study of a Wood Mouse Population in Wytham Woods, Berkshire

1958 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Mouse Population

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Blastocystis in non-primate animals

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1228-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Betts ◽  
Eleni Gentekaki ◽  
Adele Thomasz ◽  
Vicki Breakell ◽  
Angus I. Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Conservation Park ◽  
South East England ◽  
Anaerobic Protist ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBlastocystis is an anaerobic protist, commonly inhabiting the intestinal tract of both humans and other animals. Blastocystis is extremely diverse comprising 17 genetically distinct subtypes in mammals and birds. Pathogenicity of this enteric microbe is currently disputed and knowledge regarding its distribution, diversity and zoonotic potential is fragmentary. Most research has focused on Blastocystis from primates, while sampling from other animals remains limited. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of Blastocystis in animals held within a conservation park in South East England. A total of 118 samples were collected from 27 vertebrate species. The barcoding region of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA was used for molecular identification and subtyping. Forty one per cent of the species were sequence positive for Blastocystis indicating a high prevalence and wide distribution among the animals in the park. Six subtypes were identified, one of which is potentially novel. Moreover, the majority of animals were asymptomatic carriers, suggesting that Blastocystis is not pathogenic in animals. This study provides a thorough investigation of Blastocystis prevalence within a wildlife park in the UK and can be used as a platform for further investigations on the distribution of other eukaryotic gut microbes.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Safe-Tea: a parent-targeted intervention to prevent hot drink scalds in preschool children

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Verity Bennett ◽  
Linda Hollén ◽  
Harriet Dorothy Quinn-Scoggins ◽  
Alan Emond ◽  
Alison Mary Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveDespite the high prevalence of preventable hot drink scalds in preschool children, there is a paucity of research on effective prevention interventions and a serious need to improve parents’ knowledge of first aid. This study investigates the feasibility of ‘Safe-Tea’, an innovative multifaceted community-based intervention delivered by early-years practitioners.Methods‘Safe-Tea’ was implemented at Childcare, Stay&Play and Home Visit settings in areas of deprivation in Cardiff, UK. A mixed-methods approach was used, including preintervention and postintervention parent questionnaires and focus groups with parents and practitioners to test the acceptability, practicality and ability of staff to deliver the intervention, and parents’ knowledge and understanding.ResultsIntervention materials, activities and messages were well received and understood by both parents and community practitioners. Interactive and visual methods of communication requiring little to no reading were most acceptable. Parents’ understanding of the risk of hot drink scalds in preschool children and knowledge of appropriate first aid improved postintervention. Parents knew at baseline that they ‘should’ keep hot drinks out of reach. Focus group discussions after intervention revealed improved understanding of likelihood and severity of scald injury to children, which increased vigilance. Parents gained confidence to correct the behaviours of others at home and pass on first aid messages.ConclusionThis feasibility study is a vital step towards the development of a robust, evidence-based behaviour change intervention model. Work is underway to refine intervention materials based on improvements suggested by parents, and test these more widely in communities across the UK.

scholarly journals Detection of Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) Carrying Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Able to Infect Cattle and Interfere with the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Lucía Varela-Castro ◽  
Olalla Torrontegi ◽  
Iker A. Sevilla ◽  
Marta Barral
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Apodemus Sylvaticus ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cattle Farms

Mycobacterial infections caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are of great medical and veterinary relevance. The aim of this research was to study whether small mammals play a role in the epidemiology of mycobacterioses. Four samplings of 100 traps were performed in each of three cattle farms with previous history of tuberculosis or NTM between 2017 and 2018. A total of 108 animals belonging to seven species were trapped, classified, and necropsied, and tissues were submitted to microbiological and molecular methods for mycobacteria identification. The wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) was the most abundant species (87%). No MTC was detected but six different NTM were identified (M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. gordonae, M. celatum, M. fortuitum, and a not determined Mycobacterium sp.), showing a prevalence of 6.5%. No significant association was found between mycobacteria prevalence and the analyzed factors. Although a role in the epidemiology of MTC could not be attributed to small mammals, A. sylvaticus carries NTM that could be pathogenic or interfere with the diagnosis of tuberculosis. According to our results, there is a risk of NTM transmission at the wildlife–livestock interface through potential indirect contacts between small mammals and cattle.

scholarly journals Commentary

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Roch Cantwell
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tabloid Journalism ◽  
Timely Reminder

In the sometimes sensational world of illicit drug reportage, there is one unsung villain. While heroin misuse remains the bête noir of tabloid journalism, ecstasy the demon of the dance floors and cocaine caricatured as the choice of the rich and famous, amphetamine misuse has lurked the shadows. Its use defies such simple categorisation and spans several groups in society. Bruce has provided a timely reminder of this neglected area in substance misuse literature and, in the process, has highlighted the relevance of basic information gathering as the most important tool in the armamentorium of drug misuse workers. The lack of prominence given to what they describe as a “hidden epidemic” is striking. Could this be because amphetamine misuse is a less prevalent problem than that of other illicit drugs? Evidence suggests otherwise. Amphetamine is the second most common illicit drug seized in the UK (after cannabis). It is easily produced and used in a variety of modes, and recent research confirms a high prevalence of misuse in this country reflecting that found in North American and Australian literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document