Host B chromosomes as potential sex ratio distorters of intestinal nematode infrapopulations in the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (05) ◽  
pp. 552-558
Author(s):  
V.M. Jovanović ◽  
B. Čabrilo ◽  
I. Budinski ◽  
O. Bjelić-Čabrilo ◽  
T. Adnađević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Yellow Necked Mouse

AbstractThe yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis, can be considered as a model for genetic polymorphism produced by the frequent presence of supernumerary or B chromosomes (Bs). Host genetic background is rarely taken into account in studies of parasite sex ratio. The main aim of this study was to investigate the range of infrapopulation sex ratios for nematode parasites of the yellow-necked mouse and to determine which factors most influence variation in parasite sex ratios. Six nematode species found in the collected yellow-necked mice were analysed. We confirmed the predominant pattern of female-biased sex ratios in vertebrate parasite infrapopulations. The presence of B chromosomes in host genomes played an important role in infrapopulations of Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Syphacia stroma and Trichuris muris, as hosts with B chromosomes carried a higher proportion of males. The relative increase of males in infrapopulations could result from a shift in parasite life history strategy, induced by adaptation to the specific host genotypes (Bs present). In a meta-analysis with previously published data, the sex determination system was demonstrated to play a significant role in nematode sex ratio variation, as well as specific life history patterns, such as the place of egg hatching.

scholarly journals New Data on Organization and Spatial Localization of B-Chromosomes in Cell Nuclei of the Yellow-Necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Tatyana Karamysheva ◽  
Svetlana Romanenko ◽  
Alexey Makunin ◽  
Marija Rajičić ◽  
Alexey Bogdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nucleus ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Yellow Necked Mouse

The gene composition, function and evolution of B-chromosomes (Bs) have been actively discussed in recent years. However, the additional genomic elements are still enigmatic. One of Bs mysteries is their spatial organization in the interphase nucleus. It is known that heterochromatic compartments are not randomly localized in a nucleus. The purpose of this work was to study the organization and three-dimensional spatial arrangement of Bs in the interphase nucleus. Using microdissection of Bs and autosome centromeric heterochromatic regions of the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) we obtained DNA probes for further two-dimensional (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D)- fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies. Simultaneous in situ hybridization of obtained here B-specific DNA probes and autosomal C-positive pericentromeric region-specific probes further corroborated the previously stated hypothesis about the pseudoautosomal origin of the additional chromosomes of this species. Analysis of the spatial organization of the Bs demonstrated the peripheral location of B-specific chromatin within the interphase nucleus and feasible contact with the nuclear envelope (similarly to pericentromeric regions of autosomes and sex chromosomes). It is assumed that such interaction is essential for the regulation of nuclear architecture. It also points out that Bs may follow the same mechanism as sex chromosomes to avoid a meiotic checkpoint.

scholarly journals The impact of sex ratio and economic status on local birth rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20130027 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chipman ◽  
E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Female Competition ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
Human Mating ◽  
The Impact

Human mating and reproductive behaviour can vary depending on various mechanisms, including the local sex ratio. Previous research shows that as sex ratios become female-biased, women from economically deprived areas are less likely to delay reproductive opportunities to wait for a high-investing mate but instead begin their reproductive careers sooner. Here, we show that the local sex ratio also has an impact on female fertility schedules. At young ages, a female-biased ratio is associated with higher birth rates in the poorest areas, whereas the opposite is true for the richest areas. At older ages, a female-biased ratio is associated with higher birth rates in the richest, but not the poorest areas. These patterns suggest that female–female competition encourages poorer women to adopt a fast life-history strategy and give birth early, and richer women to adopt a slow life-history strategy and delay reproduction.

scholarly journals Exploring Supernumeraries - A New Marker for Screening of B-Chromosomes Presence in the Yellow Necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0160946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanja Bugarski-Stanojević ◽  
Gorana Stamenković ◽  
Jelena Blagojević ◽  
Thomas Liehr ◽  
Nadezda Kosyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Yellow Necked Mouse

scholarly journals Evolution of male strategies with sex-ratio–dependent pay-offs: connecting pair bonds with grandmothering

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1729) ◽  
pp. 20170041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Loo ◽  
Kristen Hawkes ◽  
Peter S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Pair Bonding ◽  
Pair Bonds

Men's provisioning of mates and offspring has been central to ideas about human evolution because paternal provisioning is absent in our closest evolutionary cousins, the great apes, and is widely assumed to result in pair bonding, which distinguishes us from them. Yet mathematical modelling has shown that paternal care does not readily spread in populations where competition for multiple mates is the common male strategy. Here we add to models that point to the mating sex ratio as an explanation for pairing as pay-offs to mate guarding rise with a male-biased sex ratio. This is of interest for human evolution because our grandmothering life history shifts the mating sex ratio from female- to male-biased. Using a difference equation model, we explore the relative pay-offs for three competing male strategies (dependant care, multiple mating, mate guarding) in response to changing adult sex ratios. When fertile females are abundant, multiple mating prevails. As they become scarce, mate guarding triumphs. The threshold for this shift depends on guarding efficiency. Combined with mating sex ratios of hunter–gatherer and chimpanzee populations, these results strengthen the hypothesis that the evolution of our grandmothering life history propelled the shift to pair bonding in the human lineage. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.

Evidence for Shared Genetic Dominance Between the General Factor of Personality, Mental and Physical Health, and Life History Traits

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio José Figueredo ◽  
J. Philippe Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
General Physical

AbstractWe reanalyze previously published data on 309 MZ and 333 DZ twin pairs aged 25 to 74 years from the MIDUS survey, a nationally representative archived sample, to examine how much of the genetic covariance between a general factor of personality (GFP), a lower-order life history factor, and a general physical and mental health factor, is of the nonadditive variety. We found nonadditive genetic effects (D) could not be ruled out as a contributor to the shared variance of these three latent factors to a Super-K Life History factor. We suggest these genetic correlations support the view that a slow (K-selected) life history strategy, good health, and the GFP coevolved and are mutually coadapted through directional selection.

scholarly journals First report on the helminthfauna of the yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis, in the Iberian Peninsula

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. L. Debenedetti ◽  
S. Sainz-Elipe ◽  
S. Sáez-Durán ◽  
D. Galicia ◽  
A. Imaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Calodium Hepaticum ◽  
Yellow Necked Mouse

Summary Information about the prevalence of helminth parasites of the yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis, in the Iberian Peninsula is almost non-existent and there is no reliable data reported from Spain. Fourteen A. flavicollis from the Erro River valley (Navarre, Spain) were examined for endoparasites, between February 2001 and July 2002. Thirteen specimens (92.9 %) of the total sample were parasitized by at least one of the following six helminth species: one trematode (Corrigia vitta), one cestode (Taenia parva larvae) and four nematodes (Trichuris muris, Calodium hepaticum, Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Syphacia stroma). This is the first report about the helminthfauna of A. flavicollis in the Iberian Peninsula. Nevertheless, a larger number of hosts should be analysed to complete these preliminary results and to adequately characterize the helminth community of this rodent. The finding of C. hepaticum, the causative agent of human capillarosis, stands out.

Life history variation in Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa)

1986 ◽  
Vol 228 (1251) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Male And Female

In colonies of the cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina (L.), water flow regime has a significant effect on colony growth rate and, indirectly, on the number of reproductive zooids produced. Higher growth rates occur under conditions of higher water flow. Sex ratio and reproductive output are not, however, significantly affected. Colonies of different genotypes show significant differences in their reproductive versus somatic investment, and in their allocation of resources to male and female functions. There is therefore genetically based variation in life history strategy within the population of colonies. This variation may reflect limitation of normalizing selection imposed by microenvironmental variability.

scholarly journals Sex roles and adult sex ratios: insights from mammalian biology and consequences for primate behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1729) ◽  
pp. 20160321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Minimum Length

Theoretical models and empirical studies in various taxa have identified important links between variation in sex roles and the number of adult males and females (adult sex ratio (ASR)) in a population. In this review, I examine these relationships in non-human primates. Because most existing theoretical models of the evolution of sex roles focus on the evolutionary origins of sex-biased behaviour, they offer only a general scaffold for predicting variation in sex roles among and within species. I argue that studies examining sex role variation at these more specific levels need to take social organization into account to identify meaningful levels for the measurement of ASR and to account for the fact that ASR and sex roles mutually influence each other. Moreover, taxon-specific life-history traits can constrain sex role flexibility and impact the operational sex ratio (OSR) by specifying the minimum length of female time outs from reproduction. Using examples from the primate literature, I highlight practical problems in estimating ASR and OSR. I then argue that interspecific variation in the occurrence of indirect forms of paternal care might indeed be linked to variation in ASR. Some studies also indicate that female aggression and bonding, as well as components of inter-sexual relationships, are sensitive to variation in ASR. Thus, links between primate sex roles and sex ratios merit further study, and such studies could prompt the development of more specific theoretical models that make realistic assumptions about taxon-specific life history and social organization. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.

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