scholarly journals Production of Non-Infective Particles among Influenza Viruses: Do Changes in Virulence Accompany the von Magnus phenomenon?

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fazekas de St Groth ◽  
P. A. P. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Non Parametric

SummaryTwo new statistical methods—one parametric, the other non-parametric—are developed to compare the slopes of quantal infectivity curves.Ten influenza strains were examined with the aid of these tests, and the results show that virus yielded by the von Magnus phenomenon (i.e. containing ‘incomplete’ particles) and standard infective virus do not differ in the slope of their infectivity curves.It is concluded that the von Magnus phenomenon yields a mixture of infective and non-infective particles; on this evidence Fulton's suggestion of uniformly changed virulence is untenable.I am greatly indebted to Prof. P. A. P. Moran for helpful discussions of theory, and frequent corrections of statistical technique.

Most Often Motivated by Social Media: The Who, the What, and the How Much—Experience from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11193
Author(s):  
Karol Król ◽  
Dariusz Zdonek
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Expression ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Content published in social media (SM) can be motivating. It can induce action, stimulate demand, and shape opinions. On the other hand, it can demotivate, cause helplessness, or overwhelm with information. Still, the impact of SM is not always the same. The paper aims to analyse the relations between sex, personality, and the way social media is used and motivation to take specific actions. The conclusions are founded on a survey (n = 462). The data were analysed with statistical methods. The study revealed that the use of SM has a significant impact on the motivation to act. Browsing through descriptions and photographs of various achievements posted by others in SM increased the intrinsic motivation of the respondents. Positive comments and emojis had a similar effect. Moreover, women and extraverts noted a significantly greater impact of SM on their intrinsic motivation concerning health and beauty effort, travel, hobby, and public expression of opinions than men and introverts. The results can be useful to recruiters. Extravert women that are open to cooperation, thorough, and well-organised are more likely to be active in SM.

scholarly journals Non-Parametric Anova Methods Applied on Students' Performance Development in Course of Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Zámková ◽  
Martin Prokop ◽  
Radek Stolín
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Statistics Education ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Equality Of Means ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
Management Students ◽  
Non Parametric

This study intends to use non-parametric statistical methods for comparison of mean values in assessing the changes of overall grades in basic statistics at the College of Polytechnics in Jihlava. The data covering students' grades were transferred to the ordinal scale and evaluated with the use of the corresponding non-parametric statistical methods, due to failing the data normality test. In order to identify statistically significant grade differences over the years 2006–2018, we have used the test of equality of means as well as the relevant analyses of variance, i.e. the Mann-Whitney U test to compare two samples, the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare multiple samples, and the post hoc analysis. All tests that were carried out confirm that on average, women and Finance and Management students tend to achieve better grades in statistics, as opposed to men, and Travel and Tourism students. Mean grades have rather fluctuated over the years. In the beginning (2006–2009) and in the end (2014–2017) of the observed period the grades have been significantly superior to the grades in the in-between stage (2010–2013). The identified fluctuation in grades shall lead to implementation of measures aimed at achieving an overall increase in statistics' education quality and students' grades.

scholarly journals Cumulative Science via Bayesian Posterior Passing

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Olivia Brand ◽  
James Patrick Ounsley ◽  
Daniel Job Van der Post ◽  
Thomas Joshua Henry Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
True Parameter ◽  
True Effect ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Parameter Values

This paper introduces a statistical technique known as “posterior passing” in which the results of past studies can be used to inform the analyses carried out by subsequent studies. We first describe the technique in detail and show how it can be implemented by individual researchers on an experiment by experiment basis. We then use a simulation to explore its success in identifying true parameter values compared to current statistical norms (ANOVAs and GLMMs). We find that posterior passing allows the true effect in the population to be found with greater accuracy and consistency than the other analysis types considered. Furthermore, posterior passing performs almost identically to a data analysis in which all data from all simulated studies are combined and analysed as one dataset. On this basis, we suggest that posterior passing is a viable means of implementing cumulative science. Furthermore, because it prevents the accumulation of large bodies of conflicting literature, it alleviates the need for traditional meta-analyses. Instead, posterior passing cumulatively and collaboratively provides clarity in real time as each new study is produced and is thus a strong candidate for a new, cumulative approach to scientific analyses and publishing.

scholarly journals Phenotyping issues for exploring electronic health records to design clinical trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-404
Author(s):  
Jill Schnall ◽  
LingJiao Zhang ◽  
Jinbo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Downstream Analysis

For utilizing electronic health records to help design and conduct clinical trials, an essential first step is to select eligible patients from electronic health records, that is, electronic health record phenotyping. We present two novel statistical methods that can be used in the context of electronic health record phenotyping. One mitigates the requirement for gold-standard control patients in developing phenotyping algorithms, and the other effectively corrects for bias in downstream analysis introduced by study samples contaminated by ineligible subjects.

scholarly journals Impact of Acupuncture on Antihistamine Use in Patients Suffering Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Secondary Analysis of Results from a Randomised Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Adam ◽  
Linus Grabenhenrich ◽  
Miriam Ortiz ◽  
Sylvia Binting ◽  
Thomas Reinhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Acupuncture Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Parametric

Background Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a common disease that has detrimental effects on the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. Approximately 18% of patients try to alleviate their symptoms through acupuncture. The ACUSAR (ACUpuncture in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis) study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT00610584) assessed the impact of acupuncture on SAR, showing significant improvements in rhinitis-specific QoL (RQoL) and in rescue medication (RM) use. Objective A secondary analysis of SAR patients’ use of antihistamine. Methods Patients were randomised into three study groups: acupuncture plus RM, sham acupuncture plus RM, and RM alone. The patients documented their medication use before and during the intervention period (8 weeks). The main outcome was the number of days with antihistamine use. Statistical analyses were conducted using parametric and non-parametric tests. The robustness of the results was tested by sensitivity analyses using non-parametric bootstrapping. Results The data from 414 patients were analysed. The acupuncture group used antihistamines significantly less often compared with the other groups (acupuncture vs sham acupuncture: mean difference −4.49 days, p=0.01; acupuncture vs RM: mean difference −9.15 days, p<0.001). Approximately 38% of the acupuncture group did not use any antihistamine in contrast to only 16% in the RM group. The pre-post comparison suggested that the acupuncture patients did not need to increase the days of antihistamine use to alleviate their symptoms, unlike the other groups. Conclusions Acupuncture appeared to significantly reduce the number of days of antihistamine use while improving RQoL and SAR symptoms; it can therefore be considered a valuable, additional treatment option for patients with SAR. Trial Registration Number NCT00610584; Post-results.

Developing Ontologies for Engineering Information Retrieval

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjun Li ◽  
Victor Raskin ◽  
Karthik Ramani
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Complex Queries ◽  
Engineering Documents ◽  
Engineering Information ◽  
Standard Information

When engineering content is created and applied during the product lifecycle, it is often stored and forgotten. Since search remains text-based, engineers do not have the means to harness and reuse past designs and experiences. On the other hand, current information retrieval approaches based on statistical methods and keyword matching are not directly applicable to the engineering domain. We propose a new computational framework that includes an ontological basis and algorithms to retrieve unstructured engineering documents while handling complex queries. The results from the preliminary test demonstrate that our method outperforms the traditional keyword-based search with respect to the standard information retrieval measurement.

scholarly journals Improved non-parametric statistical methods for the estimation of Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters by the direct linear plot

1977 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
W R Porter ◽  
W F Trager
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Lower Confidence ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Linear Plot ◽  
Replicate Measurements ◽  
Menten Kinetic ◽  
Non Parametric

The theoretical basis for the direct linear plot [Eisenthal & Cornish-Bowden (1974) Biochem. J. 139, 715-720], a non-parametric statistical method for the analysis of data-fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation, was reinvestigated in order to accommodate additional experimental designs and to provide estimates of precision more directly comparable with those obtained by parametric statistical methods. Methods are given for calculating upper and lower confidence limits for the estimated parameters, for accommodating replicate measurements and for comparing the results of two separate experiments. Factors that influence the proper design of experiments are discussed.

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