scholarly journals Natural infection with influenza A (H3N2). The development, persistence and effect of antibodies to the surface antigens

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Smith ◽  
Joan R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Surface Antigens

SummaryA technique for estimating antibodies to the neuraminidase antigens of influenza A is described.The antibody response to the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of influenza A (H3N2) was studied in a boys' public school over the four-year period 1970–4. During this time there were two outbreaks of influenza A and the effect of antibody on the result of natural challenge was investigated. No boy who had homotypic neuraminidase antibody had clinical influenza.

scholarly journals The response to inactivated influenza A (H3N2) vaccines: the development and effect of antibodies to the surface antigens

1977 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Smith ◽  
Joan R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Vaccine Response

SUMMARYA controlled trial of influenza vaccines in a boys' public school from November 1970 to October 1975 provided an opportunity to study the response to vaccine and the effect on subsequent natural challenge in boys with differing natural experience of influenza A strains. The response to influenza A (H3N2) vaccines was assessed by estimating homotypic and heterotypic antibodies to the surface antigens. Previous natural experience of influenza A was found to influence vaccine response and the effect of natural challenge. The antibody response to revaccination with the same strain showed a progressively poorer response to second and third doses. The protective effect of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced antibodies was assessed during two outbreaks of influenza A which occurred in the trial period.

scholarly journals The importance of antineuraminidase antibodies in resistance to influenza A and immunologic memory for their synthesis

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Naikhin ◽  
I. M. Tsaritsina ◽  
E. V. Oleinikova ◽  
L. G. Syrodoeva ◽  
N. L. Korchanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Immunologic Memory ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Simplified Method

SUMMARYEight hundred and seventy-seven sera from 360 adults aged 18–50 who were under permanent observation from October 1980 to March 1981 have been studied by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and erythrocyte elution-inhibition (EI) tests – a simplified method of antineuraminidase antibody titration. It was demonstrated in some subjects infected with influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses that the antibody rise was to one of the surface antigens only – haemagglutinin or neuraminidase. These subjects made up 5·2–25·8% of all examinees. The protective effect of antibodies to neuraminidase was similar to that of antihaemagglutinins. Interaction of both types of antibodies was observed in protection against the disease. Data have been obtained on the influence of antineuraminidase antibodies in decreasing the severity of natural infection with influenza A.A study of heterologous immunologic responses to haemagglutinin and neuraminidase among persons immunized with live influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 vaccines and among children naturally infected with influenza A H3N2 demonstrated the presence of immunologic memory for antineuraminidase antibody synthesis. Thus, the suggestion of a common antigenic structure for neuraminidase Nl and N2 is made.

scholarly journals Serum Antibody Response to Matrix Protein 2 Following Natural Infection With 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus in Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 209 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Zhong ◽  
Carrie Reed ◽  
Patrick J. Blair ◽  
Jacqueline M. Katz ◽  
Kathy Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals The specificity of the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response induced in man by inactivated influenza vaccines and by natural infection

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Oxford ◽  
G. C. Schild ◽  
C. W. Potter ◽  
R. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Human Adults

SUMMARYThe anti-haemagglutinin antibody response in adult human volunteers to inactivated whole virus or tween ether split influenza A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) and A/Scotland/74 (H3N2) virus vaccines was investigated using antibody adsorption and single-radial-haemolysis (SRH) techniques. The concentrations of haemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix (M) antigens measured by single radial diffusion (SRD) and rocket immunoelectrophoresis were similar for both the whole virus and split vaccines. Whole virus and split vaccines induced cross-reactive (CR) antibody in 87% of vaccinees. Strain specific (SS) antibody to A/Hong Kong/1/68 or the homologous virus was induced less frequently than CR antibody. Higher anti-haemagglutinin antibody titres were detected in persons receiving the split virus vaccines than in those receiving the whole virus vaccines. No antibody to the type-specific matrix protein was detectable, but 33% of volunteers developed an antibody rise to type-specific nucleoprotein antigen.The specificity of the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response in human adults to natural infection with A/Port Chalmers/73 (H3N2) virus was similar to that induced by inactivated vaccines in that a high proportion of subjects developed CR anti-haemagglutinin antibody, which reacted with A/Hong Kong/68 virus and the homologous A/Port Chalmers/73 virus, and SS antibody for A/Hong Kong/68 virus but SS antibody for A/Port Chalmers/73 virus was infrequently stimulated by natural infection.

scholarly journals The impact of vaccination on the breadth and magnitude of the antibody response to influenza A viruses in HIV-infected individuals

AIDS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1803-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Kohler ◽  
Roger Kouyos ◽  
Matteo Bianchi ◽  
Christina Grube ◽  
Arkadiusz Wyrzucki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Antibody response to immunization with influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus in young individuals primed or unprimed for A/New Jersey/76 (H1N1) virus

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Masurel ◽  
P. Ophof ◽  
P. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Group A

SummaryA group of 269 pupils of the Harbour and Transport Training Institute in Rotterdam (group A), aged 13–20 years, and of 109 patients of the Dr Mr Willem van den Bergh Foundation at Noordwijk (group B), aged 11–21 years, were immunized with a whole virus vaccine containing 10, 20, or 40 μg HA of A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1) influenza virus. A booster vaccination was administered 6 weeks later with 20 μg HA of the same virus. Many of the participants had been immunized during the two preceding years with a whole virus vaccine containing A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1) (A/NJ/76) virus. The side-effects, mostly of a moderate nature, increased with the dose of virus in the vaccine. In group A side effects were least frequent in the vaccinees who had never received A/NJ/76 vaccine. A single dose of A/USSR/77 vaccine did not produce satisfactory levels of homologous antibodies. After booster immunization with 20 μg HA of A/USSR/77 virus participants showed a higher homologous antibody response in all vaccine-dose groups if they had not been immunized with A/NJ/76 virus in previous years. After primary and especially after booster immunization with A/USSR/77 virus, a very high response against A/NJ/76 virus and adequate levels of A/NJ/76 antibody were found in participants who had been immunized previously with A/NJ/76 virus. Those who had not been immunized with this virus previously showed no or a very low antibody response to A/NJ/76 virus.

scholarly journals Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies from Natural Infection in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Messiah ◽  
Frances A Brito ◽  
Harold W Kohl ◽  
Stacia M DeSantis ◽  
Melissa A Valerio-Shewmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Related Symptom ◽  
Symptom Status ◽  
Antibody Tests

Background. Recent data suggest the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is more transmissible among children compared to the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant. The true incidence and longitudinal presence of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is not known, however. We provided estimates of antibody response using Texas Coronavirus Antibody REsponse Survey (Texas CARES) data, a prospective population-based seroprevalence project designed to assess antibody status over time among the general population throughout the state. Methods. In October 2020 Texas CARES began enrolling adults (aged 20-80 years) and children (aged 5-19 years). Participants were offered a series of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests over 6-8 months, or every 2-3 months that includes the immunoassay for detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (Roche N-test). Descriptive characteristics and COVID-19 infection-related symptom status was determined by questionnaire at the time of enrollment and prior to each successive blood draw. This analysis included participants ages 5-to-19 years old who have completed all three antibody assessments. Results. From our sample (n=159; mean age 12.5 years, SD 3.6), 96% of those with evidence of nucleocapsid antibodies at baseline assessment continued to have antibodies > six months later (mean 7.0 months, SD 0.97). There was no difference in the presence of antibodies by symptom status (asymptotic versus symptomatic) or severity (mild-moderate versus severe), sex, age group, or body mass index group (underweight, healthy weight, overweight, obesity) over the three antibody measurement timepoints. Conclusions. These results suggest that infection-induced antibodies persist and thus may provide some protection against future infection for at least half a year. 57.9% of the sample were negative for infection-induced antibodies at their third measurement point, suggesting a significant proportion of children have still not acquired natural infection.

scholarly journals COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: impact of vaccination on antibody levels, breakthrough infections and reinfection rate.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo La Raja ◽  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Ileana Grimaldi ◽  
Caterina Boldrin ◽  
Margherita Cattai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Reinfection Rate ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The One ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Impact

From April 2020 through May 2021 in Padova Province 3395 COVID-19 recovered patients were recruited as potential convalescent plasma donors and tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Since January 2021 COVID-19 vaccination campaign began in Italy, the impact of vaccination on antibody levels and suspect vaccine breakthrough infections in these subjects were investigated. Post-vaccination anti-Sars-Cov-2 antibody level in 54 previously infected subjects had an exponential increase compared to pre-vaccination level regardless of the number of vaccine doses. However after 100 days from vaccination SARS-CoV-2 antibody level tends to decline. Post-vaccination primary infections were detected in 15 cases, with 3 possible breakthrough infections after a full vaccination course. In these cases, antibody response after infection was present but weaker than the one of subjects vaccinated after natural infection. A trend toward stronger antibody response was observed with increasing distance between natural infection and vaccination. Additionally, 2 cases of asymptomatic reinfections are also discussed.

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