scholarly journals The virulence of salmonella strains for chickens: their excretion by infected chickens

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Williams Smith ◽  
J. F. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intramuscular Route ◽  
Fatal Infection ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Oral Inoculation

SUMMARYInoculated orally, 16 Salmonella typhimurium strains belonging to 12 phage types varied greatly in their abilityto kill 1-day-old chickens; variation was noted even between strains of the same phage type. Fourteen strains belonging to 11 food poisoning serotypes other than S. typhimurium were practically non-lethal whenexamined in this manner. All of them were lethal by the intramuscular route but some were more so than others. Twowere more lethal by this route than one of the S. typhimurium strains that was highly lethal when given orally.With age, chickens rapidly became resistant to fatal infection with the food poisoning strains; given orally, a S.typhimurium strain killed 79 % of 1-day-old chickens but only 3 % of 2-day-old chickens. Of 2 specific poultrypathogenic strains, one, of S. gallinarum, was lethal by oral inoculation to chickens of all ages but the other, of S. pullorum, was only lethal to very young ones.Some salmonella strains, such as those of S. infantis and S. menston, were more efficient at infecting and colonizing the alimentary tract of chickens than were the more virulent S. typhimurium strains, the S. gallinarum and S. pullorum strains and a S. cholerae-suis strain.

scholarly journals Salmonella typhimuriumphage type 141 infections in Sheffield during 1984 and 1985: association with hens' eggs

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Chapman ◽  
P. Rhodes ◽  
Wendy Rylands
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

SUMMARYFood poisoning due toSalmonella typhimuriumphage type 141 was unusual inthe Sheffield area before 1984. The sudden increase in incidence of this phage type during 1984 and 1985, and its causative role in several small outbreaks in this period have been investigated. Epidemiological and laboratory investigations suggested that hens' eggs were the most likely source ofS. typhimuriumphage type 141.

scholarly journals A biochemical subdivision of one phage type of Salmonella typhimurium

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lewis ◽  
B. A. D. Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Solid Media

SUMMARYA total of 1537 strains of Salmonella typhimurium belonging to seven prevalent phage types were examined on solid media for their ability to ferment rhamnose, xylose and inositol, for colicine production and for nutritional requirements. Most of the strains in each phage type were almost completely homogeneous, especially in their sugar fermentation reactions. However, strains of phage type 1a/2 were not homogeneous, but could be assigned to one of four subgroups on the basis of ability to ferment inositol, inhibition of growth by meso-tartrate and auxotrophy for nicotinic acid. The subdivision proved to have epidemiological value. The inhibition of growth by meso-tartrate was observed on a denned medium containing citrate as the energy source. Inhibition did not occur if glucose, casein hydrolysate or aspartic acid were added to the medium.

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Poultry

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RAJASHEKARA ◽  
E. HAVERLY ◽  
D. A. HALVORSON ◽  
K. E. FERRIS ◽  
D. C. LAUER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Geographical Locations

Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from feed ingredients or poultry sources isolated during 1995 to 1997 from different geographical locations within Minnesota were examined for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104). Antibiotic susceptibility studies indicated that 15 of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium had an antibiotic resistance pattern (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) that is usually observed with multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Of the 15 isolates showing the antibiotic resistance pattern, 8 isolates were phage type 104, 3 isolates were typed as phage type 104 complex, and the remaining 4 isolates belonged to phage types 193, 81, and 126. DT104 was recovered from both feed ingredients and poultry samples. Of the seven feed ingredient–associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, four were DT104, whereas only 7 of 43 poultry-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were DT104. A repetitive sequence–based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium representing 13 phage types identified seven distinct fingerprint profiles. No correlation between phage type and rep-PCR type was noticed. Eleven Salmonella Typhimurium isolates belonging to DT104 and its complex were grouped into two closely related rep-PCR types.

scholarly journals Characterisation of IncI1 plasmids associated with change of phage type in isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Hiley ◽  
Rikki M. A. Graham ◽  
Amy V. Jennison
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Bacteriophage Bf23

Abstract Background Acquisition of IncI1 plasmids by members of the Enterobacteriaceae sometimes leads to transfer of antimicrobial resistance and colicinogeny as well as change of phage type in Salmonella Typhimurium. Isolates of S. Typhimurium from a 2015 outbreak of food poisoning were found to contain an IncI1 plasmid implicated in change of phage type from PT135a to U307 not previously reported. The origin of the changes of phage type associated with this IncI1 plasmid was investigated. In addition, a comparison of its gene composition with that of IncI1 plasmids found in local isolates of S. Typhimurium typed as U307 from other times was undertaken. This comparison was extended to IncI1 plasmids in isolates of phage types PT6 and PT6 var. 1 which are thought to be associated with acquisition of IncI1 plasmids. Results Analysis of IncI1 plasmids from whole genome sequencing of isolates implicated a gene coding for a 1273 amino acid protein present only in U307 isolates as the likely source of change of phage type. The IncI1 plasmids from PT6 and PT6 var. 1 isolates all had the ibfA gene present in IncI1 plasmid R64. This gene inhibits growth of bacteriophage BF23 and was therefore the possible source of change of phage type. A fuller comparison of the genetic composition of IncI1 plasmids from U307 isolates and PT6 and PT6 var. 1 isolates along with two IncI1 plasmids from S. Typhimurium isolates not showing change of phage type was undertaken. Plasmids were classified as either ‘Delta’ or ‘Col’ IncI1 plasmids according to whether genes between repZ and the rfsF site showed high identity to genes in the same location in R64 or ColIb-P9 plasmids respectively. Comparison of the tra gene sets and the pil gene sets across the range of sequenced plasmids identified Delta and Col plasmids with almost identical sequences for both sets of genes. This indicated a genetic recombination event leading to a switch between Delta and Col gene sets at the rfsF site. Comparisons of other gene sets showing significant variation among the sequenced plasmids are reported. Searches of the NCBI GenBank database using DNA and protein sequences of interest from the sequenced plasmids identified global IncI1 plasmids with extensive regions showing 99 to 100% identity to some of the plasmids sequenced in this study indicating evidence for widespread distribution of these plasmids. Conclusion Two genes possibly associated with change of phage type were identified in IncI1 plasmids. IncI1 plasmids were classified as either ‘Delta’ or ‘Col’ plasmids and other sequences of significant variation among these plasmids were identified. This study offers a new perspective on the understanding of the gene composition of IncI1 plasmids. The sequences of newly sequenced IncI1 plasmids could be compared against the regions of significant sequence variation identified in this study to understand better their overall gene composition and relatedness to other IncI1 plasmids in the databases.

scholarly journals RAPD/PCR AND PHAGE TYPING OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS ISOLATED FROM POULTRY AND FOOD POISONING OUTBREAKS

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
L.R. dos Santos ◽  
A.R. Ribeiro ◽  
S.D. de Oliveira ◽  
L.B. Rodrigues ◽  
M.L. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Rapd Pcr

ABSTRACT Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is an important pathogen, causing both food poisoning outbreaks in humans and economic losses to the poultry industry, being also widely spread in the environment. This work aimed to identify SE phage types and to standardize the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for evaluating SE isolates obtained from different origins. To do so, 238 SE strains were selected, of which 104 were isolated from broiler carcasses, 106 from food samples and human biological materials involved in food poisoning outbreaks and 28 from different poultry materials. Among these 238 SE isolates, 111 were phage typed, and 57.7% (64/ 111) corresponded to phage type (PT) 4, 32.4% (36/111) to PT 4a, 3.6% (4/111) to PT 6a and 0.9% (1/111) to PT 7, whereas 5.4% .6/111) of the strains were not typeable (RDNC, reacts but does not conform). After the standardization of amplification conditions, all 238 SE isolates were submitted to RAPD/PCR. Among these, 91.8% (217/238) were classified as pattern A. Twenty-one isolates were differentiated into four patterns and into seven subtypes with the use of primer 1254, and into four patterns and ten subtypes using primer OPB 17. The combination of phage typing and RAPD/PCR proved to be a useful tool in epidemiological investigations. RAPD/PCR can be easily used as a routine laboratory method, thus helping with the monitoring of SE isolates and contributing to the establishment of effective Salmonella Enteritidis control and preventive programs.

scholarly journals Correlation of phage type, biotype and source in strains ofSalmonella typhimurium

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Anderson ◽  
Linda R. Ward ◽  
Maureen J. De Saxe ◽  
D. C. Old ◽  
Ruth Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryA series of 2092 cultures ofSalmonella typhimuriumisolated from human, animal and other sources in 57 countries were differentiated into 204 phage types and 19 primary and 147 full biotypes. Different biotypes belonged to the same phage type and different phage types to the same biotype, so the combination of typing methods differentiated strains more finely than either method alone: 574 different ‘phage type/biotypes’ were distinguished in 1937 cultures belonging to the 204 recognized phage types.The combination of biotyping with phage-typing was valuable in studying the phylogeny and spread of epidemic strains by distinguishing clones of different biotype within the same phage type and by confirming the relationship between cultures isolated from widely dispersed clones and that between cultures isolated before and after a clone had undergone variation in phage type, biotype, colicin type or antibiotic-sensitivity pattern.A widespread outbreak of infection withS. typhimuriumphage type 141 in Scotland comprised independent dissemination of three clones of different biotypes, if, 9f and 31bd. During its epidemic spread in cattle in Britain between 1962 and 1969, another strain underwent variations in phage type (type 44 to type 29), biotype (type 26a to types 26d, 26bd, 26dgi, 26dz and 26i) and antibiotic sensitivity. A group of 275 non-fimbriate, non-inositol-fermenting and non-rhamnose fermenting (FIRN) strains, particularly associated with avian infections and thought to be clonal in origin, contained 27 phage types and 22 full biotypes in the primary biotypes 29–32.

scholarly journals Clonal relationships among naturally occurring nicotinamide-requiringSalmonella typhimurium

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Barker ◽  
A. A. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Independent Mutant

SUMMARYSalmonella typhimuriumstrains of biotype 25x have been shown in transductional cross experiments to be clonal in the Nad character. The ancestral bacterium, probably of biotype 25a, mutated to a requirement for nicotinamide and subsequently diversified in phage type and secondary biotype characters. Such a sequence of events indicates interconversion among phage types 6, 16, 46, 49, 73, 76 and 135. Strains in biotypes 1x, 9ix, 17x, 17dx, 19dx and 25hix yielded Nad+recombinants in interbiotype crosses, suggesting that each originated as an independent mutant line.

Salmonella enterica Serotypes Isolated from Imported Frozen Chicken Meat in the Canary Islands

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2702-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HERNANDEZ ◽  
A. SIERRA ◽  
C. RODRIGUEZ-ALVAREZ ◽  
A. TORRES ◽  
M. P. AREVALO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Salmonella Virchow

To determine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serotypes in imported frozen chicken meat, 406 samples (whole chicken, legs, and breast meat) were analyzed for Salmonella according to ISO6579 rules, serotypes were assigned, and phage typing was conducted for Salmonella serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg. The overall frequency of Salmonella isolation was 16.5%. By country of origin, the highest percentage of cases was found among the samples from France followed by samples from Brazil. The differences between legs and breast meat were significant. The most frequently isolated serotype of Salmonella was Enteritidis, followed by Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Virchow. By country of origin, we identified a large percentage of serotype Salmonella Enteritidis in the samples imported from Brazil. There was a greater diversity of serotypes isolated from the French samples, and Salmonella Enteritidis was not the dominant strain. In the samples from the United States, the only serotype isolated was Salmonella Kentucky, although a smaller number of samples was analyzed. The Salmonella Enteritidis phage type that prevailed in both France and Brazil was 4. Phage types 204c and 204 were identified for Salmonella Typhimurium, and phage types 8, 31, and 37 were identified for Salmonella Virchow.

scholarly journals Lysotypes and plasmidial profile of Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isolated from children with enteric processes in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and Salvador, BA - Brazil

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marise Dutra Asensi ◽  
Arudy Penna Costa ◽  
Eliane Moura Falavina dos Reis ◽  
Ernesto Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

The lysotypes, plasmidial profiles, and profiles of resistance to antimicrobial agents were determined in 111 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from feces and blood of children treated in Rio de Janeiro and in Salvador. Six distinct lysotypes (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 and 193) were recognized, with a predominance of lysotype 193 (59.7%) in Rio de Janeiro and of phage type 105 (38.4) in Salvador. Approximately 86.7% of the lysotype 193 strains presented multiple resistance to more than six antimicrobial agents, whereas 93% of lysotype 105 strains were fully susceptible. More than 90% of the strains presented plasmids distributed into 36 different profiles in Rio de Janeiro and into 10 profiles in Salvador. A 40 MDa plasmid was the most frequent (47%) in the strains from Rio de Janeiro, whereas a 61 MDa plasmid predominated (14.5%) in Salvador. Combined analysis of plasmid profile and classification into lysotypes (especially those belonging to types 105 and 103, proved to be more discriminatory than the other methods applied).

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