scholarly journals Clonal relationships among naturally occurring nicotinamide-requiringSalmonella typhimurium

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Barker ◽  
A. A. Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Independent Mutant

SUMMARYSalmonella typhimuriumstrains of biotype 25x have been shown in transductional cross experiments to be clonal in the Nad character. The ancestral bacterium, probably of biotype 25a, mutated to a requirement for nicotinamide and subsequently diversified in phage type and secondary biotype characters. Such a sequence of events indicates interconversion among phage types 6, 16, 46, 49, 73, 76 and 135. Strains in biotypes 1x, 9ix, 17x, 17dx, 19dx and 25hix yielded Nad+recombinants in interbiotype crosses, suggesting that each originated as an independent mutant line.

scholarly journals A biochemical subdivision of one phage type of Salmonella typhimurium

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lewis ◽  
B. A. D. Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Solid Media

SUMMARYA total of 1537 strains of Salmonella typhimurium belonging to seven prevalent phage types were examined on solid media for their ability to ferment rhamnose, xylose and inositol, for colicine production and for nutritional requirements. Most of the strains in each phage type were almost completely homogeneous, especially in their sugar fermentation reactions. However, strains of phage type 1a/2 were not homogeneous, but could be assigned to one of four subgroups on the basis of ability to ferment inositol, inhibition of growth by meso-tartrate and auxotrophy for nicotinic acid. The subdivision proved to have epidemiological value. The inhibition of growth by meso-tartrate was observed on a denned medium containing citrate as the energy source. Inhibition did not occur if glucose, casein hydrolysate or aspartic acid were added to the medium.

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Poultry

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RAJASHEKARA ◽  
E. HAVERLY ◽  
D. A. HALVORSON ◽  
K. E. FERRIS ◽  
D. C. LAUER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Geographical Locations

Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from feed ingredients or poultry sources isolated during 1995 to 1997 from different geographical locations within Minnesota were examined for the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104). Antibiotic susceptibility studies indicated that 15 of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium had an antibiotic resistance pattern (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) that is usually observed with multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Of the 15 isolates showing the antibiotic resistance pattern, 8 isolates were phage type 104, 3 isolates were typed as phage type 104 complex, and the remaining 4 isolates belonged to phage types 193, 81, and 126. DT104 was recovered from both feed ingredients and poultry samples. Of the seven feed ingredient–associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, four were DT104, whereas only 7 of 43 poultry-associated Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were DT104. A repetitive sequence–based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) of 50 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium representing 13 phage types identified seven distinct fingerprint profiles. No correlation between phage type and rep-PCR type was noticed. Eleven Salmonella Typhimurium isolates belonging to DT104 and its complex were grouped into two closely related rep-PCR types.

scholarly journals Correlation of phage type, biotype and source in strains ofSalmonella typhimurium

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Anderson ◽  
Linda R. Ward ◽  
Maureen J. De Saxe ◽  
D. C. Old ◽  
Ruth Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryA series of 2092 cultures ofSalmonella typhimuriumisolated from human, animal and other sources in 57 countries were differentiated into 204 phage types and 19 primary and 147 full biotypes. Different biotypes belonged to the same phage type and different phage types to the same biotype, so the combination of typing methods differentiated strains more finely than either method alone: 574 different ‘phage type/biotypes’ were distinguished in 1937 cultures belonging to the 204 recognized phage types.The combination of biotyping with phage-typing was valuable in studying the phylogeny and spread of epidemic strains by distinguishing clones of different biotype within the same phage type and by confirming the relationship between cultures isolated from widely dispersed clones and that between cultures isolated before and after a clone had undergone variation in phage type, biotype, colicin type or antibiotic-sensitivity pattern.A widespread outbreak of infection withS. typhimuriumphage type 141 in Scotland comprised independent dissemination of three clones of different biotypes, if, 9f and 31bd. During its epidemic spread in cattle in Britain between 1962 and 1969, another strain underwent variations in phage type (type 44 to type 29), biotype (type 26a to types 26d, 26bd, 26dgi, 26dz and 26i) and antibiotic sensitivity. A group of 275 non-fimbriate, non-inositol-fermenting and non-rhamnose fermenting (FIRN) strains, particularly associated with avian infections and thought to be clonal in origin, contained 27 phage types and 22 full biotypes in the primary biotypes 29–32.

scholarly journals The virulence of salmonella strains for chickens: their excretion by infected chickens

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Williams Smith ◽  
J. F. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intramuscular Route ◽  
Fatal Infection ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Oral Inoculation

SUMMARYInoculated orally, 16 Salmonella typhimurium strains belonging to 12 phage types varied greatly in their abilityto kill 1-day-old chickens; variation was noted even between strains of the same phage type. Fourteen strains belonging to 11 food poisoning serotypes other than S. typhimurium were practically non-lethal whenexamined in this manner. All of them were lethal by the intramuscular route but some were more so than others. Twowere more lethal by this route than one of the S. typhimurium strains that was highly lethal when given orally.With age, chickens rapidly became resistant to fatal infection with the food poisoning strains; given orally, a S.typhimurium strain killed 79 % of 1-day-old chickens but only 3 % of 2-day-old chickens. Of 2 specific poultrypathogenic strains, one, of S. gallinarum, was lethal by oral inoculation to chickens of all ages but the other, of S. pullorum, was only lethal to very young ones.Some salmonella strains, such as those of S. infantis and S. menston, were more efficient at infecting and colonizing the alimentary tract of chickens than were the more virulent S. typhimurium strains, the S. gallinarum and S. pullorum strains and a S. cholerae-suis strain.

Salmonella enterica Serotypes Isolated from Imported Frozen Chicken Meat in the Canary Islands

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2702-2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HERNANDEZ ◽  
A. SIERRA ◽  
C. RODRIGUEZ-ALVAREZ ◽  
A. TORRES ◽  
M. P. AREVALO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Salmonella Virchow

To determine the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serotypes in imported frozen chicken meat, 406 samples (whole chicken, legs, and breast meat) were analyzed for Salmonella according to ISO6579 rules, serotypes were assigned, and phage typing was conducted for Salmonella serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg. The overall frequency of Salmonella isolation was 16.5%. By country of origin, the highest percentage of cases was found among the samples from France followed by samples from Brazil. The differences between legs and breast meat were significant. The most frequently isolated serotype of Salmonella was Enteritidis, followed by Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Virchow. By country of origin, we identified a large percentage of serotype Salmonella Enteritidis in the samples imported from Brazil. There was a greater diversity of serotypes isolated from the French samples, and Salmonella Enteritidis was not the dominant strain. In the samples from the United States, the only serotype isolated was Salmonella Kentucky, although a smaller number of samples was analyzed. The Salmonella Enteritidis phage type that prevailed in both France and Brazil was 4. Phage types 204c and 204 were identified for Salmonella Typhimurium, and phage types 8, 31, and 37 were identified for Salmonella Virchow.

scholarly journals Phage type/biotype groups of Salmonella typhimurium in Scotland 1974–6: variation during spread of epidemic clones

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Barker D.C. Old ◽  
J. C. M. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Combined Use

SUMMARYBiotyping by the scheme of Duguid et al. (1975) of 2010 cultures of Salmonella typhimurium received by the Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory in 1974–6, the definitive phage types of which were known, revealed 137 different phage type/biotype groups. Four major epidemic clones, comprising 52 % of the cultures, were recognized: 1/2a, 49/26a, 56/17g and 141/9f. The sources of each of these four groups of strains were primarily bovine (587 cultures) and human (361), suggesting a close association between infections in the two hosts.Epidermiological evidence showed that most of the outbreaks were caused by cultures of a single phage type/biotype, suggesting that both phage typing and biotyping characters were usually stable in the course of spread of epidemic strains.Thirty-two of the 63 phage types contained strains of more than one biotype. Cultures from 11 of the phage types were of two or more closely related biotypes and those from 21 others were of unrelated or distantly related biotypes. The combined use of phage typing and biotyping made it possible to detect occasional variations in the phage type or biotype in epidemic clones during their spread, e.g. phage type 49 to 204, 56 to 193, 141 to 193 and biotype 2a to lOa, 9f to 9bf, or 9cf, 26a to 26f.

scholarly journals Phage type and DNA plasmid profile ofSalmonella typhimuriumisolates in the area of Isernia, Italy

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fantasia ◽  
N. Ricci ◽  
A. Manuppella ◽  
A. Martini ◽  
E. Filetici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Plasmid Content ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dna Plasmid

SUMMARYThirty-eightSalmonella typhimuriumstrains isolated from December 1987 to March 1988 in Isernia, Central Italy, were characterized on the basis of their phage type, resistance to antimicrobials and plasmid profiles. According to their phage types, the isolates could be assigned to one of six groups, the prevalent one being PT 195 which accounted for 73·6% of isolates.On the basis of their plasmid content, the isolates could be assigned to one of ten groups. The prevalent plasmid profile (60·0; 6·0; 4·3; 4·0; 3·2 megadaltons) was found in 60·4% of isolates.All the isolates from a particular food (salsicce), and as most of isolates from humans who had consumed this food belonged to phage type 195 and were of the same plasmid profile.The combined use of phage typing and DNA plasmid analysis proved to be a useful tool in identifying epidemiologically related isolates in this investigation.

scholarly journals Large outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in Denmark in 2008

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ethelberg ◽  
A Wingstrand ◽  
T Jensen ◽  
G Sørensen ◽  
L Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Specific Source

An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type U292 has been ongoing in Denmark since 1 April, with 1,054 cases registered until 23 October 2008. Extensive investigations including hypothesis-generating interviews, matched case-control studies, cohort studies in embedded outbreaks, shopping list analyses, analyses of food samples from patient's homes, trace-back analyses and extensive microbiological analysis of products have not provided clear indications of a specific source of infection but the main hypothesis is that the vehicle of the outbreak are different pork products. In addition to the large U292 outbreak, at least four other S. Typhimurium outbreaks (caused by phage types U288, DT120, DT3 and DT135) have been investigated in Denmark in 2008.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and diversity ofSalmonellaserovar Typhimurium in pigs using phenotypic and genotypic approaches

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. GEBREYES ◽  
C. ALTIER ◽  
S. THAKUR
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Discriminatory Index

SUMMARYFor epidemiological investigations of the most common and non-host-adaptedSalmonellaserotypes, such as Typhimurium, highly discriminatory approaches are essential. In the present study, we evaluated three genotyping methods; amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and repetitive palindromic extragenic–PCR (Rep–PCR) using 40 isolates. AFLP showed the highest discriminatory index (0·939), resolution and throughput. To determine clonality ofSalmonellaTyphimurium isolates and epidemiological relatedness in different commercial pig production units, we employed AFLP in combination with antimicrobial resistance pattern and phage typing.Salmonellaserovar Typhimurium isolates (n=196) obtained from a longitudinal study of 18 pig farms over a 3-year period were studied. Using this approach, 16 distinct clonal types were identified. We found two common multidrug- resistant patterns including AmCmStSuTe and AmKmStSuTe. Two commonly multidrug- resistant phage types that are of known public health importance, DT104 and DT193, were also common. AFLP differentiated distinct clones within DT104, a phage type previously reported to be clonal. Fourteen of the clonal types were unique to one of the two production systems, showing diversity between independent commercial pig production systems located in the same geographical area. Clonal types obtained from nursery farms and corresponding finishing units were, however, similar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document