scholarly journals Field trials of flocoumafen against warfarin-resistant infestations of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk)

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Buckle
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Anticoagulant Rodenticide ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
Norway Rats ◽  
Farm Buildings

SUMMARYThe anticoagulant rodenticide flocoumafen was tested against warfarin-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) infesting farm buildings. Complete control was obtained in 10–21 days (mean 14·2 days) in six treatments in which baits poisoned with 0·005% flocoumafen were maintained, in surplus, until rats ceased to feed from them. A further six treatments, in which the application of poisoned bait was restricted to periodic placements of 50 g, were also completely successful in 15–30 days (mean 21·0 days). Less poisoned bait was used in the restricted flocoumafen treatments than in the unrestricted treatments but the time taken to control the rat infestations was significantly longer.

scholarly journals Field trials of a new sub-acute rodenticide flupropadine, against wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-512
Author(s):  
A. P. Buckle
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Norway Rats

SUMMARYFifteen experimental treatments with rodenticidal baits containing 0·1, 0·15 or 0·2% flupropadine were conducted on farmsteads against Raltus norvegicus infestations. Eight treatments were completely successful and the others gave kills ranging from 36 to 72% in 28 days. Treatments with 0·1 and 0·15% flupropadine were less successful against large infestations than against small ones. Flupropadine was most successful at 0·2% but still gave incomplete kills on farms where abundant alternative food was available. The compound was more effective than acute poisons in achieving complete control of Norway rat infestations, but was less reliable in doing so than anticoagulants. On the other hand, many flupropadine treatments gave quicker control and used smaller quantities of bait than anticoagulant treatments.

scholarly journals Field trials of second-generation anticoagulants against difenacoum-resistant Norway rat populations

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Greaves ◽  
D. S. Shepherd ◽  
R. Quy
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
Left Behind

SUMMARYTrials of rodenticidal baits containing 50 p.p.m. difenacoum, 50 p.p.m. bromadiolone or 20 p.p.m. brodifacoum were carried out on farmsteads against populations of Rattus norvegicus containing difenacoum-resistant individuals. Six difenacoum treatments failed in 14–42 days of baiting. Two treatments with bromadiolone succeeded in 23 and 33 days, but four further treatments lasting 35–56 days failed to eradicate the populations. Brodifacoum gave virtually complete control of six populations in 21–73 days and of the ten residual populations left behind by the other two compounds, after baiting for a further 11–85 days. The performance of both bromadiolone and brodifacoum was well below that reported by previous investigators, indicating the possibility of low-grade resistance to these compounds in the difenacoum-resistant strain.

scholarly journals Field trials of difenacoum against warfarin-resistant infestations of Rattus norvegicus

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Rennison ◽  
M. R. Hadler
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Farm Buildings

SUMMARYThe anticoagulant difenacoum was tested at two concentrations, 0·005 and 0·01%, in bait against warfarin-resistant rat infestations in farm buildings. Twelve out of the 14 treatments in which the lower concentration of the anticoagulant was used resulted in complete control. One of the remaining two treatments was probably also completely successful, but in the other a few rats, that were not eating the poisoned baits, were still active after 30 days of baiting. All six treatments done using the stronger concentration of poison were completely effective.Since it took as long to control infestations with 0·01% as with 0·005% difenacoum in treatments carried out under similar conditions, the lower concentration is recommended for use against warfarin-resistant rats.

scholarly journals Field trials of calciferol against warfarin resistant infestations of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Rennison
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe effectiveness of calciferol (vitamin D2) against Rattus norvegicus was investigated in field trials on twenty-three farms with rat infestations partly resistant to warfarin. At 0·01% combined with warfarin at 0·025% no rodenticidal effect of the calciferol was discernible. At 0·025% with warfarin at the same concentration, results were better, but not appreciably better than is often obtained with warfarin alone against resistant rat populations. When the concentration of calciferol was stepped up to 0·1%, four out of five treatments in which the poison was applied directly gave complete control. The fifth may have partly failed because of poison shyness caused by under-baiting. Five out of six more treatments done after ‘pre-baiting’ were also successful. The sixth failed for reasons unconnected with the choice of poison.Six further infestations that were not responding adequately to warfarin treatments were quickly controlled when, in three instances, calciferol at 0·1% was used instead and, in three more, it was used together with warfarin. It is concluded that calciferol at 0·1% is an effective poison against R. norvegicus either combined with warfarin or not, but that because at 0·1% its effect is subacute rather than chronic, there may be a case in some environments for using it only after pre-baiting.

scholarly journals Leptospira in breast tissue and milk of urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2420-2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
C. P. FIGUEIRA ◽  
L. ZHAN ◽  
A. C. PERTILE ◽  
G. G. PEDRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
First Time ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Norway Rats

SUMMARYLeptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The disease is globally distributed and a major public health concern. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is the main reservoir of the pathogen in urban slums of developing and developed countries. The potential routes of intra-specific leptospire transmission in rats are largely unknown. Herein, we identified pathogenic Leptospira spp. in breast tissue and milk of naturally infected rats. We examined kidney, breast tissue and milk from 24 lactating rats for the presence of leptospires using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and scanning electronic microscopy. All 24 rats had evidence for Leptospira in the kidneys, indicating chronic carriage. The majority of kidney-positive rats had detectable leptospires in milk (18, 75%) and breast tissue (16, 67%), as evidenced by immunofluorescence assay and immunohistochemistry. Four (17%) milk samples and two (8%) breast tissue samples were positive by quantitative real-time PCR. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of leptospires in breast tissue. No major pathological changes in breast tissue were found. This study, for the first time, identified leptospires in the milk and breast tissue of wild Norway rats, suggesting the possibility of milk-borne transmission of leptospirosis to neonates.

scholarly journals Evidence of multiple intraspecific transmission routes for Leptospira acquisition in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (16) ◽  
pp. 3438-3448 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MINTER ◽  
P. J. DIGGLE ◽  
F. COSTA ◽  
J. CHILDS ◽  
A. I. KO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Norway Rats

SUMMARYInfectious diseases frequently have multiple potential routes of intraspecific transmission of pathogens within wildlife and other populations. For pathogens causing zoonotic diseases, knowing whether these transmission routes occur in the wild and their relative importance, is critical for understanding maintenance, improving control measures and ultimately preventing human disease. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is the primary reservoir of leptospirosis in the urban slums of Salvador, Brazil. There is biological evidence for potentially three different transmission routes of leptospire infection occurring in the rodent population. Using newly obtained prevalence data from rodents trapped at an urban slum field site, we present changes in cumulative risk of infection in relation to age-dependent transmission routes to infer which intra-specific transmission routes occur in the wild. We found that a significant proportion of animals leave the nest with infection and that the risk of infection increases throughout the lifetime of Norway rats. We did not observe a significant effect of sexual maturity on the risk of infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that vertical and environmental transmission of leptospirosis both occur in wild populations of Norway rats.

scholarly journals Field trials of brodifacoum (WBA 8119) against the house mouse (Mus musculus L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Rowe ◽  
T. Swinney ◽  
C. Plant
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Anticoagulant Rodenticide ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Farm Buildings

SummaryThe anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum was tested against house mice (Mus musculus L.) infesting farm buildings. In six trials, treatment success was assessed from the results of census baitings conducted before and after treatment. With 0·005% brodifacoum in canary seed/corn oil bait, the control achieved ranged between 92·7% and 100%, mean 98·8%. Two mouse populations were eradicated in 3 to 4 weeks but a few individuals survived each of the other four treatments which lasted 6 weeks. The effectiveness of brodifacoum against mice is compared with that of 0·1% calciferol and 0·025% warfarin in combination. It is concluded that brodifacoum and calciferol/warfarin are equally effective in controlling M. musculus but that brodifacoum treatments need to be conducted fora relatively longer period.

scholarly journals The Hampshire-Berkshire focus of L120Q anticoagulant resistance in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and field trials of bromadiolone, difenacoum and brodifacoum

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 105301
Author(s):  
Alan P. Buckle ◽  
Clare R. Jones ◽  
David J. Rymer ◽  
Emily E. Coan ◽  
Colin V. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Norway Rat

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of difenacoum as a rodenticide

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hadler ◽  
R. Redfern ◽  
F. P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Finding ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Anticoagulant Rodenticide ◽  
Complete Control

SUMMARYThe efficacy of difenacoum as a new anticoagulant rodenticide was evaluated by blood coagulation studies and laboratory feeding tests using warfarin-resistant and non-resistant common rats (Rattus norvegicus), ship rats (R. rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus). Prothrombin assays indicated that the compound had as marked an activity with warfarin-resistant common rats as coumatetralyl had with non-resistant animals. Feeding tests confirmed that 0.005% would be a near-optimal concentration for field use, although there was some evidence of unpalatability.Results with ship rats and house mice were less favourable. Trials with enclosed colonies of warfarin-resistant mice confirmed the laboratory finding that although difenacoum was more effective than all other currently used anticoagulants, it was unlikely to give complete control.It is concluded that difenacoum is a valuable new rodenticide, especially for controlling warfarin-resistant common rats.

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