Face and content validation of a novel three-dimensional printed temporal bone for surgical skills development

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (S3) ◽  
pp. S23-S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Da Cruz ◽  
H W Francis
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
The Face ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance

AbstractObjective:To assess the face and content validity of a novel synthetic, three-dimensional printed temporal bone for surgical skills development and training.Methods:A synthetic temporal bone was printed using composite materials and three-dimensional printing technology. Surgical trainees were asked to complete three structured temporal bone dissection exercises. Attitudes and impressions were then assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Previous cadaver and real operating experiences were used as a reference.Results:Trainees’ experiences of the synthetic temporal bone were analysed in terms of four domains: anatomical realism, usefulness as a training tool, task-based usefulness and overall reactions. Responses across all domains indicated a high degree of acceptance, suggesting that the three-dimensional printed temporal bone was a useful tool in skills development.Conclusion:A sophisticated three-dimensional printed temporal bone that demonstrates face and content validity was developed. The efficiency in cost savings coupled with low associated biohazards make it likely that the printed temporal bone will be incorporated into traditional temporal bone skills development programmes in the near future.

Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Printed Training Model to Teach Ultrasound-Guided Injections of the Cervical Articular Process Joints in Horses

2021 ◽  
pp. e20200137
Author(s):  
Alexandra Beaulieu ◽  
Stephanie Nykamp ◽  
John Phillips ◽  
Luis G. Arroyo ◽  
Judith Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Needle Placement ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
The Face ◽  
3D Printed

Intra-articular injections are routinely performed to alleviate pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in horses. Intra-articular injections require accurate needle placement to optimize clinical outcomes and minimize complications. This study’s objectives were to develop and validate a three-dimensional (3D) printed model of an equine cervical articular process joint to teach ultrasound-guided injections. Five identical models of an equine cervical articular process joint were 3D printed and embedded in 10% ballistic gelatin. Experts’ and novices’ ability to successfully insert a needle into the joint space of the model using ultrasound guidance was assessed and graded using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Scores from experts and novices were compared to evaluate the construct validity of the model. Participants also answered a survey assessing the face and content validity of the model. Experts required less time (22.51 seconds) for correct needle placement into the model joint space than novices (35.96 seconds); however, this difference was not significant ( p = .53). Experts’ median total OSCE score (14) was significantly higher ( p = .03) than novices’ (12), supporting the model’s construct validity. Participants agreed on the face and content validity of the model by grading all survey questions greater than 7 on a 10-point Likert-type scale. In summary, we successfully developed a 3D printed model of an equine cervical articular process joint, partially demonstrated the construct validity of the model, and proved the face and content validity of this new training tool.

scholarly journals Hybrid Surgical Simulator: A Temporal Bone Simulator Validation Study of the Stryker Surgical Simulator (S3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e2026-e2031
Author(s):  
Charles Meyer ◽  
Francine Noda ◽  
Craig R Folsom
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Surgical Simulator ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Training Tool

ABSTRACT Introduction The Stryker Surgical Simulator is a hybrid, temporal bone simulator that uses both tactile and haptic feedback combined with a computer interface. We sought to validate this simulator as an otolaryngology resident training tool for performing tympanomastoidectomy. Materials and Methods 15 residents and staff performed five basic cortical mastoidectomies. Staff surgeons comprised the “expert” cohort and resident surgeons comprised the “trainee” cohort. Subjective evaluation of the face validity and content validity was assessed via pre- and postquestionnaires. Objective evaluation of content validity was assessed through grading of each temporal bone dissection specimen, comparing time to task completion, and calculating the rate of injury to critical structures. Study approved by the Institutional Review Board (2013.0001). Results Post hoc questionnaires showed that both staff and residents subjectively rated the simulator favorably on face validity, content validity, and all global assessment categories, though there were no significant distinctions between groups (P > 0.05). The resident group had a significantly longer drilling time compared with the staff group throughout the series of tympanomastoidectomies (P = 0.008), and both groups showed a decrease in time to task completion with repetitive drilling. However, there were no significant differences in surgical performance as evaluated by a blinded senior neurotologist (P = 0.52). There were also no critical injuries recorded by the simulator in any of the 75 trials, preventing any evaluation on this measure. Conclusions Despite favorable subjective evaluations by both staff and residents, objective discrimination between experienced and novice participants was not achieved. This was likely in part due to inherent design flaws of the simulator. This emphasizes the potential shortcomings of surgical simulation models for highly technical procedures and points to the importance of intensive study and validation prior to incorporation of commercial training models into surgical training programs.

Feasibility of ovine and synthetic temporal bone models for simulation training in endoscopic ear surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (11) ◽  
pp. 966-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Okhovat ◽  
T D Milner ◽  
A Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Endoscopic Ear Surgery ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
The Face ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Endoscopic Tympanoplasty

AbstractObjectiveComparing the feasibility of ovine and synthetic temporal bones for simulating endoscopic ear surgery against the ‘gold standard’ of human cadaveric tissue.MethodsA total of 10 candidates (5 trainees and 5 experts) performed endoscopic tympanoplasty on 3 models: Pettigrew temporal bones, ovine temporal bones and cadaveric temporal bones. Candidates completed a questionnaire assessing the face validity, global content validity and task-specific content validity of each model.ResultsRegarding ovine temporal bone validity, the median values were 4 (interquartile range = 4–4) for face validity, 4 (interquartile range = 4–4) for global content validity and 4 (interquartile range = 4–4) for task-specific content validity. For the Pettigrew temporal bone, the median values were 3.5 (interquartile range = 2.25–4) for face validity, 3 (interquartile range = 2.75–3) for global content validity and 3 (interquartile range = 2.5–3) for task-specific content validity. The ovine temporal bone was considered significantly superior to the Pettigrew temporal bone for the majority of validity categories assessed.ConclusionTympanoplasty is feasible in both the ovine temporal bone and the Pettigrew temporal bone. However, the ovine model was a significantly more realistic simulation tool.

scholarly journals MP28: Development and validation of a novel three-dimensional printed thorax model simulator for the simulation-based training of tube thoracostomy

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S52-S52
Author(s):  
V. Brannan ◽  
C. Dunne ◽  
A. Dubrowski ◽  
M. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Tube Thoracostomy ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
3D Printed

Innovation Concept: High-acuity, low-occurrence (HALO) procedures require skilled performance as they treat life-threatening conditions and are associated with significant morbidity when performed incorrectly. Simulation has proven useful for deliberate practice in a low stake setting. Tube thoracostomy is amendable to this approach. Commercially available trainers exist but often have limited realism and are prohibitively expensive particularly to non-academic centers. Three-dimensional (3D) printing produces models suitable for simulation, but no current simulator has been developed and validated for tube thoracostomy. The aim of this study was to develop such, a 3D-printed low-fidelity simulator validated for the simulation-based instruction of tube thoracostomy. Methods: The development of the simulator followed an iterative design cycle with collaboration between a design team and an emergency medicine expert. Its validity (face and content) was tested through hands-on practice and surveys completed by 15 acute-care practitioners. Participants performed the procedure on the simulator and then provided feedback through a mixed quantitative/qualitative product evaluation survey on appearance, realism (face validity) and value in procedural training (content validity). Mean values for overall appearance and content validity as a training tool were 4/5 and 4.3/5 respectively. All respondents felt the model was a useful adjunct. All but one stated it was a good replacement for pre-existing trainers. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: The model was initially printed in three parts using an Ultimaker 3 and Axiom Airwolf Dual 3D-printer. The ribcage was created using polylactic acid with polyvinyl alcohol support material. Printed sections were bonded using glue at interfaces requiring no flexibility. Flexible joints were made of varying amounts of thermoplastic polyurethane and thermoplastic elastomer. Skin overlay for the whole model was created with a cut out area for replaceable sections that subjects would incise to insert the chest tube. Skin was casted using platinum cured silicone in a 3D-printed mold. Total cost of all materials was roughly 80 CAD. Conclusion: The simulator was found to be a useful adjunct for the simulation-based practice of tube thoracostomy. As well, users found the model anatomically realistic and avoided high-cost and ethical issues. Further research will focus on optimization based on feedback and development into a multi-functional simulator for other HALO procedures.

scholarly journals Validation of NOViSE

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Korzeniowski ◽  
Daniel C. Brown ◽  
Mikael H. Sodergren ◽  
Alastair Barrow ◽  
Fernando Bello
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Strongly Agree

The goal of this study was to establish face, content, and construct validity of NOViSE—the first force-feedback enabled virtual reality (VR) simulator for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Fourteen surgeons and surgical trainees performed 3 simulated hybrid transgastric cholecystectomies using a flexible endoscope on NOViSE. Four of them were classified as “NOTES experts” who had independently performed 10 or more simulated or human NOTES procedures. Seven participants were classified as “Novices” and 3 as “Gastroenterologists” with no or minimal NOTES experience. A standardized 5-point Likert-type scale questionnaire was administered to assess the face and content validity. NOViSE showed good overall face and content validity. In 14 out of 15 statements pertaining to face validity (graphical appearance, endoscope and tissue behavior, overall realism), ≥50% of responses were “agree” or “strongly agree.” In terms of content validity, 85.7% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that NOViSE is a useful training tool for NOTES and 71.4% that they would recommend it to others. Construct validity was established by comparing a number of performance metrics such as task completion times, path lengths, applied forces, and so on. NOViSE demonstrated early signs of construct validity. Experts were faster and used a shorter endoscopic path length than novices in all but one task. The results indicate that NOViSE authentically recreates a transgastric hybrid cholecystectomy and sets promising foundations for the further development of a VR training curriculum for NOTES without compromising patient safety or requiring expensive animal facilities.

Three-Dimensional Exoscopic Temporal Bone Resections for Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory J. Raymond ◽  
Roberto M. Soriano ◽  
Ryan Belcher ◽  
C. Arturo Solares
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advanced Head

Wake Flow of Single and Multiple Yawed Cylinders

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thakur ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
J. S. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cylinder Wake ◽  
Dimensional Approximation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Drag And Lift

An experimental and computational study is performed of the wake flow behind a single yawed cylinder and a pair of parallel yawed cylinders placed in tandem. The experiments are performed for a yawed cylinder and a pair of yawed cylinders towed in a tank. Laser-induced fluorescence is used for flow visualization and particle-image velocimetry is used for quantitative velocity and vorticity measurement. Computations are performed using a second-order accurate block-structured finite-volume method with periodic boundary conditions along the cylinder axis. Results are applied to assess the applicability of a quasi-two-dimensional approximation, which assumes that the flow field is the same for any slice of the flow over the cylinder cross section. For a single cylinder, it is found that the cylinder wake vortices approach a quasi-two-dimensional state away from the cylinder upstream end for all cases examined (in which the cylinder yaw angle covers the range 0⩽ϕ⩽60°). Within the upstream region, the vortex orientation is found to be influenced by the tank side-wall boundary condition relative to the cylinder. For the case of two parallel yawed cylinders, vortices shed from the upstream cylinder are found to remain nearly quasi-two-dimensional as they are advected back and reach within about a cylinder diameter from the face of the downstream cylinder. As the vortices advect closer to the cylinder, the vortex cores become highly deformed and wrap around the downstream cylinder face. Three-dimensional perturbations of the upstream vortices are amplified as the vortices impact upon the downstream cylinder, such that during the final stages of vortex impact the quasi-two-dimensional nature of the flow breaks down and the vorticity field for the impacting vortices acquire significant three-dimensional perturbations. Quasi-two-dimensional and fully three-dimensional computational results are compared to assess the accuracy of the quasi-two-dimensional approximation in prediction of drag and lift coefficients of the cylinders.

Surgical considerations during cochlear implantation: the utility of temporal bone computed tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Beomcho Jun ◽  
Sunwha Song
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Posterior Tympanotomy ◽  
Electrode Insertion ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Bone Structures

Abstract Objective This paper describes the construction of portals for electrode placement during cochlear implantation and emphasises the utility of pre-operative temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography. Methods Temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography was used to plan portal creation for electrode insertion. Results Pre-operative temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography can be used to determine the orientation of temporal bone structures, which is important for mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy and cochleostomy, and when using the round window approach. Conclusion It is essential to create appropriate portals (from the mastoid cortex to the cochlea) in a step-by-step manner, to ensure the safe insertion of electrodes into the scala tympani. Pre-operative three-dimensional temporal bone computed tomography is invaluable in this respect.

scholarly journals Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a Virtual Reality Otoscopy Simulator and Applicability to Medical Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110328
Author(s):  
Tobias Albrecht ◽  
Christoph Nikendei ◽  
Mark Praetorius
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
The Face

Objective Otologic diseases are common in all age groups and can significantly impair the function of this important sensory organ. To make a correct diagnosis, the correct handling of the otoscope and a correctly performed examination are essential. A virtual reality simulator could make it easier to teach this difficult-to-teach skill. The aim of this study was to assess the face, content, and construct validity of the novel virtual reality otoscopy simulator and the applicability to otologic training. Study Design Face and content validity was assessed with a questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed in a prospectively designed controlled trial. Setting Training for medical students at a tertiary referral center. Method The questionnaire used a 6-point Likert scale. The otoscopy was rated with a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills. Time to complete the task and the percentage of the assessed eardrum surface were recorded. Results The realism of the simulator and the applicability to medical training were assessed across several items. The ratings suggested good face and content validity as well as usefulness and functionality of the simulator. The otolaryngologists significantly outperformed the student group in all categories measured (P < .0001), suggesting construct validity of the simulator. Conclusion In this study, we could demonstrate face, content, and construct validity for a novel high-fidelity virtual reality otoscopy simulator. The results encourage the use of the otoscopy simulator as a complementary tool to traditional teaching methods in a curriculum for medical students.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 11-Item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Iranian Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 016327872110157
Author(s):  
Reza Hosseinabadi ◽  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni ◽  
Mohammad-Sajjad Lotfi ◽  
Yadollah Pournia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
The Face

Loneliness is usually a chronic condition which may lead to physical and psychological undesirable consequences, and requires measurement and intervention. This study was conducted with the aim of preparing a Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and evaluating its psychometric properties among the Iranian older adults. After applying the translation-back translation method, the prepared script was subjected to the face and content validity evaluations and a Persian version of the scale was prepared. Factor analysis, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest methods were used to validate the scale. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale showed acceptable content validity. The negative and significant correlations between the loneliness scores and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale indicated that the questionnaire had acceptable concurrent validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors for the scale. Also, the results of the intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient demonstrated that the scale had acceptable reliability. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is an appropriate tool for measuring loneliness in the Iranian older adults.

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