Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Printed Training Model to Teach Ultrasound-Guided Injections of the Cervical Articular Process Joints in Horses

Intra-articular injections are routinely performed to alleviate pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in horses. Intra-articular injections require accurate needle placement to optimize clinical outcomes and minimize complications. This study’s objectives were to develop and validate a three-dimensional (3D) printed model of an equine cervical articular process joint to teach ultrasound-guided injections. Five identical models of an equine cervical articular process joint were 3D printed and embedded in 10% ballistic gelatin. Experts’ and novices’ ability to successfully insert a needle into the joint space of the model using ultrasound guidance was assessed and graded using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Scores from experts and novices were compared to evaluate the construct validity of the model. Participants also answered a survey assessing the face and content validity of the model. Experts required less time (22.51 seconds) for correct needle placement into the model joint space than novices (35.96 seconds); however, this difference was not significant ( p = .53). Experts’ median total OSCE score (14) was significantly higher ( p = .03) than novices’ (12), supporting the model’s construct validity. Participants agreed on the face and content validity of the model by grading all survey questions greater than 7 on a 10-point Likert-type scale. In summary, we successfully developed a 3D printed model of an equine cervical articular process joint, partially demonstrated the construct validity of the model, and proved the face and content validity of this new training tool.

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MP28: Development and validation of a novel three-dimensional printed thorax model simulator for the simulation-based training of tube thoracostomy

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2020.176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (S1) ◽

pp. S52-S52

Author(s):

V. Brannan ◽

C. Dunne ◽

A. Dubrowski ◽

M. Parsons

Keyword(s):

Content Validity ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Product Evaluation ◽

Tube Thoracostomy ◽

Face Validity ◽

Mean Values ◽

Training Tool ◽

Simulation Based ◽

3D Printed

Innovation Concept: High-acuity, low-occurrence (HALO) procedures require skilled performance as they treat life-threatening conditions and are associated with significant morbidity when performed incorrectly. Simulation has proven useful for deliberate practice in a low stake setting. Tube thoracostomy is amendable to this approach. Commercially available trainers exist but often have limited realism and are prohibitively expensive particularly to non-academic centers. Three-dimensional (3D) printing produces models suitable for simulation, but no current simulator has been developed and validated for tube thoracostomy. The aim of this study was to develop such, a 3D-printed low-fidelity simulator validated for the simulation-based instruction of tube thoracostomy. Methods: The development of the simulator followed an iterative design cycle with collaboration between a design team and an emergency medicine expert. Its validity (face and content) was tested through hands-on practice and surveys completed by 15 acute-care practitioners. Participants performed the procedure on the simulator and then provided feedback through a mixed quantitative/qualitative product evaluation survey on appearance, realism (face validity) and value in procedural training (content validity). Mean values for overall appearance and content validity as a training tool were 4/5 and 4.3/5 respectively. All respondents felt the model was a useful adjunct. All but one stated it was a good replacement for pre-existing trainers. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: The model was initially printed in three parts using an Ultimaker 3 and Axiom Airwolf Dual 3D-printer. The ribcage was created using polylactic acid with polyvinyl alcohol support material. Printed sections were bonded using glue at interfaces requiring no flexibility. Flexible joints were made of varying amounts of thermoplastic polyurethane and thermoplastic elastomer. Skin overlay for the whole model was created with a cut out area for replaceable sections that subjects would incise to insert the chest tube. Skin was casted using platinum cured silicone in a 3D-printed mold. Total cost of all materials was roughly 80 CAD. Conclusion: The simulator was found to be a useful adjunct for the simulation-based practice of tube thoracostomy. As well, users found the model anatomically realistic and avoided high-cost and ethical issues. Further research will focus on optimization based on feedback and development into a multi-functional simulator for other HALO procedures.

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Face and content validation of a novel three-dimensional printed temporal bone for surgical skills development

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215115001346 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 129 (S3) ◽

pp. S23-S29 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

M J Da Cruz ◽

H W Francis

Keyword(s):

Temporal Bone ◽

Content Validity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Surgical Skills ◽

Skills Development ◽

Training Tool ◽

Surgical Trainees ◽

The Face ◽

Degree Of Acceptance

AbstractObjective:To assess the face and content validity of a novel synthetic, three-dimensional printed temporal bone for surgical skills development and training.Methods:A synthetic temporal bone was printed using composite materials and three-dimensional printing technology. Surgical trainees were asked to complete three structured temporal bone dissection exercises. Attitudes and impressions were then assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Previous cadaver and real operating experiences were used as a reference.Results:Trainees’ experiences of the synthetic temporal bone were analysed in terms of four domains: anatomical realism, usefulness as a training tool, task-based usefulness and overall reactions. Responses across all domains indicated a high degree of acceptance, suggesting that the three-dimensional printed temporal bone was a useful tool in skills development.Conclusion:A sophisticated three-dimensional printed temporal bone that demonstrates face and content validity was developed. The efficiency in cost savings coupled with low associated biohazards make it likely that the printed temporal bone will be incorporated into traditional temporal bone skills development programmes in the near future.

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Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a Virtual Reality Otoscopy Simulator and Applicability to Medical Training

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/01945998211032897 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 019459982110328

Author(s):

Tobias Albrecht ◽

Christoph Nikendei ◽

Mark Praetorius

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Medical Students ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Content Validity ◽

Medical Training ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Tertiary Referral Center ◽

The Face

Objective Otologic diseases are common in all age groups and can significantly impair the function of this important sensory organ. To make a correct diagnosis, the correct handling of the otoscope and a correctly performed examination are essential. A virtual reality simulator could make it easier to teach this difficult-to-teach skill. The aim of this study was to assess the face, content, and construct validity of the novel virtual reality otoscopy simulator and the applicability to otologic training. Study Design Face and content validity was assessed with a questionnaire. Construct validity was assessed in a prospectively designed controlled trial. Setting Training for medical students at a tertiary referral center. Method The questionnaire used a 6-point Likert scale. The otoscopy was rated with a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills. Time to complete the task and the percentage of the assessed eardrum surface were recorded. Results The realism of the simulator and the applicability to medical training were assessed across several items. The ratings suggested good face and content validity as well as usefulness and functionality of the simulator. The otolaryngologists significantly outperformed the student group in all categories measured (P < .0001), suggesting construct validity of the simulator. Conclusion In this study, we could demonstrate face, content, and construct validity for a novel high-fidelity virtual reality otoscopy simulator. The results encourage the use of the otoscopy simulator as a complementary tool to traditional teaching methods in a curriculum for medical students.

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Psychometric properties of women’s satisfaction with the childbirth education class questionnaire for Iranian population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21349/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robab Hassanzadeh ◽

Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽

Fatemeh Abbas-Alizadeh ◽

Shahla Meedya ◽

Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Content Validity ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Childbirth Education ◽

Education Class ◽

Convergent Construct Validity ◽

The Face ◽

Childbirth Preparation ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Childbirth preparation classes can reduce pregnant women’s anxiety and fear levels by providing them with training supports. The importance of mothers’ participation in these classes, evaluation of their satisfaction with these classes, and lack of a standard instrument in Iran led to the necessity of conducting this study for the translation and psychometric analysis of the women’s satisfaction with the childbirth education class questionnaire for the population of Iranian women. Methods: The questionnaire was translated from English into Persian through the forward-backward translation method. The cluster sampling method was employed to select 205 pregnant women with gestational age of 35-37 weeks from all health complexes of Tabriz, Iran. The face, content, and construct validity of the research instrument were assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were measured to evaluate the overall reliability of the questionnaire. Results: The impact scores of all items were above 1.5. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) of the questionnaire were 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. The convergent construct validity of the whole questionnaire and those of its three subscales were confirmed through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The factor loadings of no items were below 0.3, and the X2⁄df ratio was smaller than 5. In addition, the RMSEA was smaller than 0.08; therefore, the overall model validity was confirmed. Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were 0.93 and 0.96, respectively, indicating the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. Conclusion: The Persian version of this questionnaire, entitled "Women’s Satisfaction with Childbirth Education Class" is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring Iranian women’s satisfaction with childbirth education classes.

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A high-fidelity, virtual reality, transurethral resection of bladder tumor simulator: Validation as a tool for training

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.7285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Moore ◽

Stewart Whalen ◽

Neal Rowe ◽

Jason Lee ◽

Michael Ordon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Content Validity ◽

Bladder Tumor ◽

Strong Support ◽

Face Validity ◽

Video Recordings ◽

The Face ◽

Hands And Feet ◽

Key Steps

Introduction: Simulation-based training is used to help trainees learn surgical procedures in a safe environment. The objective of our study was to test the face, content, and construct validity of the transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) module built on the Simbionix TURP Mentor simulator. Methods: Participants performed five standardized cases on the simulator. Domains of the simulator were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale to establish face and content validity. Construct validity was assessed through the simulator's built-in scoring metrics, as well as video recordings of the simulator screen and an anonymized view of participants' hands and feet, which were evaluated using an objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) tool. Results: Ten experienced operators and 15 novices participated. Face validity was somewhat acceptable (mean realism 3.8/5±1.03 standard deviation [SD]; mean appearance 4.1/5±0.57), as was content validity, represented by simulation of key steps (mean 3.9±0.57). The simulator failed to achieve construct validity. There was no difference in mean simulator scores or OSATS scoring between experienced operators and novices. Novices significantly improved their mean simulator scores (305.9 vs. 332.4, p=0.006) and OSATS scoring (15.8 vs. 18.1, p=0.001), while 87% felt their confidence to perform TURBT improved. Overall, 92% of participants agreed that the simulator should be incorporated into residency training. Conclusions: Our study suggests a role for the TURBT module of the Simbionix TURP Mentor simulator as an introduction to TURBT for urology trainees. Strong support was found from both experienced operators and novices for its formal inclusion in resident education.

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Validation of the adherence questionnaire for Brazilian chronic kidney disease patients under hemodialysis

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0437 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 558-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvia Maria de Sá Basilio Lins ◽

Josete Luzia Leite ◽

Simone de Godoy ◽

Patrícia dos Santos Claro Fuly ◽

Silvia Teresa Carvalho de Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Content Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Validity Index ◽

A Value ◽

The Face ◽

Instrument Reliability

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the evaluation questionnaire on adherence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients under hemodialysis. Method: We verified the following psychometric properties of the instrument: reliability (stability and internal consistency) and validity (face, content, and construct). Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient reached a value of 0.98 for the adherence questions and 0.91 for the perception questions. Regarding the kappa of the 14 questions examined, 12 had a value > 0.8, whereas the Cronbach's alpha had a value of 0.57. Experts ensured the face and content validity of the instrument, giving it an overall content validity index of 0.96. Construct validity, analyzed by Mann-Whitney test, was achieved as all domains showed a significant association with p<0.01. Conclusion: We verified, by the presented results, that the instrument has been validated for use in Brazil.

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Various 3D printed materials mimic bone ultrasonographically: 3D printed models of the equine cervical articular process joints as a simulator for ultrasound guided intra-articular injections

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0220332 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. e0220332 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandra Beaulieu ◽

Alex zur Linden ◽

John Phillips ◽

Luis G. Arroyo ◽

Judith Koenig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Guided ◽

Articular Process ◽

3D Printed ◽

Printed Materials

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The Development of the Text Evaluation Scale for Child Rights: A Study of Validity and Reliability

World Journal of Education ◽

10.5430/wje.v8n5p139 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Yusuf Söylemez

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Content Validity ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Factor Loading ◽

Face Validity ◽

Main Study ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Child Rights ◽

Cronbach Alpha ◽

The Face

This study was conducted with the aim of developing The Text Evaluation Scale for Child Rights. There are fourdifferent sample chosen for the face validity, content validity and construct validity (for pilot scheme and main study)of the study. For face validity, a sample group of 3 experts chosen with the method of purposeful sampling includingthe researcher was formed. For content validity, snowball method was determined and studied with 12 experts. Forthe study of construct validity, random sampling method was performed for the sample selection in pilot studyinvolving 120 people and in main study involving 510 people.The theoretical framework of the scale was determined by means of the attempts, conventions, studies regarding thesubject basing upon the United Nations Organization Child Rights Convention and additional protocols to thisconvention. One could get minimum 40 and maximum 200 points from the five-point Likert scale which consists of28 positive and 12 negative (total 40) items. The scale has two sub-dimensions which are content and author. Thefact that Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient is high regarding the sub-dimensions of the scale (authorsub-dimension= 0,822 content sub-dimension= 0,834) shows that the items in the sub-dimensions are consistent withone another. Cronbach Alpha value for the whole of the scale was determined as 0,90 which means that the scale ishighly reliable. Besides, in the scale, there are items of which factor loading value is higher than 0,45. When validityand reliability results are examined, it can be seen that the scale could be utilized to evaluate the text in terms ofbeing suitable for the child rights.

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A New Method for Securing Dermal Substitutes and Skin Grafts to Difficult Portions of the Face Using a Custom 3D-Printed Facemask

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irz128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1015-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hernán A Aguilar ◽

Horacio F Mayer

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Skin Grafts ◽

Success Rates ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

Burn Care ◽

Dermal Substitutes ◽

Thickness Skin ◽

Facial Burns ◽

The Face ◽

3D Printed

Abstract Management of third-degree facial burns remains one of the most difficult challenges in burn care. Patients with deep facial burns usually require gradual escharectomy, tangential excision of the wound, and resurfacing with full-thickness skin grafts or dermal substitutes associated with split-thickness skin grafts to provide better and superior cosmetic results. Immobilization of skin grafts and dermal substitutes by reducing shearing forces and hematoma formation underneath is paramount to improve success rates. Due to the irregular shape of the face, the proper immobilization of grafts with traditional methods is often difficult, especially over concave portions of the face. Herein, we report the original use of a custom three-dimensional printing facemask for securing dermal substitutes and skin grafts to difficult sites on the face.

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